tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1946772546698239572024-03-20T02:24:54.053-07:00Ancient Tamil KinglinesSenthilkumarhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/13568132368013187258noreply@blogger.comBlogger18125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-194677254669823957.post-69270765705563226332015-08-13T11:10:00.002-07:002015-10-26T10:41:28.016-07:00INDIAN KINGS 2000 YEARS AGO -300BCE - 300CE<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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rulers</span></b><span style="color: #215868; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-IN; mso-themecolor: accent5; mso-themeshade: 128;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="color: #215868; font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 7.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-IN; mso-themecolor: accent5; mso-themeshade: 128;">§</span><span color:="" mso-bidi-font-family:="" mso-fareast-font-family:="" mso-fareast-language:en-in="" mso-themecolor:accent5="" mso-themeshade:128="" new="" roman="" serif="" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 7.5pt;" times=""> </span><span color:="" en-in="" mso-bidi-font-family:="" mso-fareast-font-family:="" mso-fareast-language:="" mso-themecolor:accent5="" mso-themeshade:128="" new="" roman="" serif="" style="font-family: "; font-size: 7.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;" times=""> </span><span style="color: #215868; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 7.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-IN; mso-themecolor: accent5; mso-themeshade: 128;">Heraios (c. 1 – 30),
first Kushan ruler, generally Kushan ruling period is disputed</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="color: #215868; font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 7.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-IN; mso-themecolor: accent5; mso-themeshade: 128;">§</span><span color:="" mso-bidi-font-family:="" mso-fareast-font-family:="" mso-fareast-language:en-in="" mso-themecolor:accent5="" mso-themeshade:128="" new="" roman="" serif="" style="font-size: 7.5pt;" times=""> </span><span color:="" en-in="" mso-bidi-font-family:="" mso-fareast-font-family:="" mso-fareast-language:="" mso-themecolor:accent5="" mso-themeshade:128="" new="" roman="" serif="" style="font-family: "; font-size: 7.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;" times=""> </span><span style="color: #215868; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 7.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-IN; mso-themecolor: accent5; mso-themeshade: 128;"><span style="color: #215868; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-themecolor: accent5; mso-themeshade: 128;">Kujula Kadphises</span> (c. 30 – c. 80)</span><span style="color: #215868; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-IN; mso-themecolor: accent5; mso-themeshade: 128;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="color: #215868; font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 7.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-IN; mso-themecolor: accent5; mso-themeshade: 128;">§</span><span color:="" mso-bidi-font-family:="" mso-fareast-font-family:="" mso-fareast-language:en-in="" mso-themecolor:accent5="" mso-themeshade:128="" new="" roman="" serif="" style="font-size: 7.5pt;" times=""> </span><span color:="" en-in="" mso-bidi-font-family:="" mso-fareast-font-family:="" mso-fareast-language:="" mso-themecolor:accent5="" mso-themeshade:128="" new="" roman="" serif="" style="font-family: "; font-size: 7.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;" times=""> </span><span style="color: #215868; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 7.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-IN; mso-themecolor: accent5; mso-themeshade: 128;"><span style="color: #215868; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-themecolor: accent5; mso-themeshade: 128;">Vima Takto</span>, (c. 80 – c. 95) alias Soter Megas
or "Great Saviour."</span><span style="color: #215868; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-IN; mso-themecolor: accent5; mso-themeshade: 128;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="color: #215868; font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 7.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-IN; mso-themecolor: accent5; mso-themeshade: 128;">§</span><span color:="" mso-bidi-font-family:="" mso-fareast-font-family:="" mso-fareast-language:en-in="" mso-themecolor:accent5="" mso-themeshade:128="" new="" roman="" serif="" style="font-size: 7.5pt;" times=""> </span><span color:="" en-in="" mso-bidi-font-family:="" mso-fareast-font-family:="" mso-fareast-language:="" mso-themecolor:accent5="" mso-themeshade:128="" new="" roman="" serif="" style="font-family: "; font-size: 7.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;" times=""> </span><span style="color: #215868; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 7.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-IN; mso-themecolor: accent5; mso-themeshade: 128;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vima_Kadphises" title="Vima Kadphises"><span style="color: #215868; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-themecolor: accent5; mso-themeshade: 128;">Vima Kadphises</span></a> (c. 95 – c. 127) the first
great Kushan emperor</span><span style="color: #215868; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-IN; mso-themecolor: accent5; mso-themeshade: 128;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="color: #215868; font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 7.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-IN; mso-themecolor: accent5; mso-themeshade: 128;">§</span><span color:="" mso-bidi-font-family:="" mso-fareast-font-family:="" mso-fareast-language:en-in="" mso-themecolor:accent5="" mso-themeshade:128="" new="" roman="" serif="" style="font-size: 7.5pt;" times=""> </span><span color:="" en-in="" mso-bidi-font-family:="" mso-fareast-font-family:="" mso-fareast-language:="" mso-themecolor:accent5="" mso-themeshade:128="" new="" roman="" serif="" style="font-family: "; font-size: 7.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;" times=""> </span><span style="color: #215868; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 7.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-IN; mso-themecolor: accent5; mso-themeshade: 128;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kanishka_the_Great" title="Kanishka the Great"><span style="color: #215868; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-themecolor: accent5; mso-themeshade: 128;">Kanishka the Great</span></a> (127
– c. 140)</span><span style="color: #215868; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-IN; mso-themecolor: accent5; mso-themeshade: 128;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="color: #215868; font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 7.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-IN; mso-themecolor: accent5; mso-themeshade: 128;">§</span><span color:="" mso-bidi-font-family:="" mso-fareast-font-family:="" mso-fareast-language:en-in="" mso-themecolor:accent5="" mso-themeshade:128="" new="" roman="" serif="" style="font-size: 7.5pt;" times=""> </span><span color:="" en-in="" mso-bidi-font-family:="" mso-fareast-font-family:="" mso-fareast-language:="" mso-themecolor:accent5="" mso-themeshade:128="" new="" roman="" serif="" style="font-family: "; font-size: 7.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;" times=""> </span><span style="color: #215868; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 7.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-IN; mso-themecolor: accent5; mso-themeshade: 128;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/V%C4%81sishka" title="Vāsishka"><span style="color: #215868; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-themecolor: accent5; mso-themeshade: 128;">Vāsishka</span></a> (c. 140 – c. 160)</span><span style="color: #215868; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-IN; mso-themecolor: accent5; mso-themeshade: 128;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="color: #215868; font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 7.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-IN; mso-themecolor: accent5; mso-themeshade: 128;">§</span><span color:="" mso-bidi-font-family:="" mso-fareast-font-family:="" mso-fareast-language:en-in="" mso-themecolor:accent5="" mso-themeshade:128="" new="" roman="" serif="" style="font-size: 7.5pt;" times=""> </span><span color:="" en-in="" mso-bidi-font-family:="" mso-fareast-font-family:="" mso-fareast-language:="" mso-themecolor:accent5="" mso-themeshade:128="" new="" roman="" serif="" style="font-family: "; font-size: 7.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;" times=""> </span><span style="color: #215868; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 7.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-IN; mso-themecolor: accent5; mso-themeshade: 128;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Huvishka" title="Huvishka"><span style="color: #215868; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-themecolor: accent5; mso-themeshade: 128;">Huvishka</span></a> (c. 160 – c. 190)</span><span style="color: #215868; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-IN; mso-themecolor: accent5; mso-themeshade: 128;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="color: #215868; font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 7.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-IN; mso-themecolor: accent5; mso-themeshade: 128;">§</span><span color:="" mso-bidi-font-family:="" mso-fareast-font-family:="" mso-fareast-language:en-in="" mso-themecolor:accent5="" mso-themeshade:128="" new="" roman="" serif="" style="font-size: 7.5pt;" times=""> </span><span color:="" en-in="" mso-bidi-font-family:="" mso-fareast-font-family:="" mso-fareast-language:="" mso-themecolor:accent5="" mso-themeshade:128="" new="" roman="" serif="" style="font-family: "; font-size: 7.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;" times=""> </span><span style="color: #215868; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 7.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-IN; mso-themecolor: accent5; mso-themeshade: 128;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vasudeva_I" title="Vasudeva I"><span style="color: #215868; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-themecolor: accent5; mso-themeshade: 128;">Vasudeva I</span></a> (c. 190 – to at least 230),
the last of the great Kushan emperors</span><span style="color: #215868; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-IN; mso-themecolor: accent5; mso-themeshade: 128;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="color: #215868; font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 7.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-IN; mso-themecolor: accent5; mso-themeshade: 128;">§</span><span color:="" mso-bidi-font-family:="" mso-fareast-font-family:="" mso-fareast-language:en-in="" mso-themecolor:accent5="" mso-themeshade:128="" new="" roman="" serif="" style="font-size: 7.5pt;" times=""> </span><span color:="" en-in="" mso-bidi-font-family:="" mso-fareast-font-family:="" mso-fareast-language:="" mso-themecolor:accent5="" mso-themeshade:128="" new="" roman="" serif="" style="font-family: "; font-size: 7.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;" times=""> </span><span style="color: #215868; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 7.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-IN; mso-themecolor: accent5; mso-themeshade: 128;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kanishka_II" title="Kanishka II"><span style="color: #215868; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-themecolor: accent5; mso-themeshade: 128;">Kanishka II</span></a> (c. 230 – 240)</span><span style="color: #215868; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-IN; mso-themecolor: accent5; mso-themeshade: 128;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="color: #215868; font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 7.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-IN; mso-themecolor: accent5; mso-themeshade: 128;">§</span><span color:="" mso-bidi-font-family:="" mso-fareast-font-family:="" mso-fareast-language:en-in="" mso-themecolor:accent5="" mso-themeshade:128="" new="" roman="" serif="" style="font-size: 7.5pt;" times=""> </span><span color:="" en-in="" mso-bidi-font-family:="" mso-fareast-font-family:="" mso-fareast-language:="" mso-themecolor:accent5="" mso-themeshade:128="" new="" roman="" serif="" style="font-family: "; font-size: 7.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;" times=""> </span><span style="color: #215868; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 7.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-IN; mso-themecolor: accent5; mso-themeshade: 128;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vashishka" title="Vashishka"><span style="color: #215868; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-themecolor: accent5; mso-themeshade: 128;">Vashishka</span></a> (c. 240 – 250)</span><span style="color: #215868; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-IN; mso-themecolor: accent5; mso-themeshade: 128;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="color: #215868; font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 7.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-IN; mso-themecolor: accent5; mso-themeshade: 128;">§</span><span color:="" mso-bidi-font-family:="" mso-fareast-font-family:="" mso-fareast-language:en-in="" mso-themecolor:accent5="" mso-themeshade:128="" new="" roman="" serif="" style="font-size: 7.5pt;" times=""> </span><span color:="" en-in="" mso-bidi-font-family:="" mso-fareast-font-family:="" mso-fareast-language:="" mso-themecolor:accent5="" mso-themeshade:128="" new="" roman="" serif="" style="font-family: "; font-size: 7.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;" times=""> </span><span style="color: #215868; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 7.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-IN; mso-themecolor: accent5; mso-themeshade: 128;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kanishka_III" title="Kanishka III"><span style="color: #215868; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-themecolor: accent5; mso-themeshade: 128;">Kanishka III</span></a> (c. 250 – 275)</span><span style="color: #215868; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-IN; mso-themecolor: accent5; mso-themeshade: 128;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="color: #215868; font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 7.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-IN; mso-themecolor: accent5; mso-themeshade: 128;">§</span><span color:="" mso-bidi-font-family:="" mso-fareast-font-family:="" mso-fareast-language:en-in="" mso-themecolor:accent5="" mso-themeshade:128="" new="" roman="" serif="" style="font-size: 7.5pt;" times=""> </span><span color:="" en-in="" mso-bidi-font-family:="" mso-fareast-font-family:="" mso-fareast-language:="" mso-themecolor:accent5="" mso-themeshade:128="" new="" roman="" serif="" style="font-family: "; font-size: 7.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;" times=""> </span><span style="color: #215868; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 7.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-IN; mso-themecolor: accent5; mso-themeshade: 128;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vasudeva_II" title="Vasudeva II"><span style="color: #215868; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-themecolor: accent5; mso-themeshade: 128;">Vasudeva II</span></a> (c. 275 – 310)</span><span style="color: #215868; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-IN; mso-themecolor: accent5; mso-themeshade: 128;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="color: #215868; font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 7.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-IN; mso-themecolor: accent5; mso-themeshade: 128;">§</span><span color:="" mso-bidi-font-family:="" mso-fareast-font-family:="" mso-fareast-language:en-in="" mso-themecolor:accent5="" mso-themeshade:128="" new="" roman="" serif="" style="font-size: 7.5pt;" times=""> </span><span color:="" en-in="" mso-bidi-font-family:="" mso-fareast-font-family:="" mso-fareast-language:="" mso-themecolor:accent5="" mso-themeshade:128="" new="" roman="" serif="" style="font-family: "; font-size: 7.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;" times=""> </span><span style="color: #215868; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 7.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-IN; mso-themecolor: accent5; mso-themeshade: 128;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vasudeva_III" title="Vasudeva III"><span style="color: #215868; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-themecolor: accent5; mso-themeshade: 128;">Vasudeva III</span></a> reported son of Vasudeva
III,a King, uncertain.<sup>[<i><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed"><span style="color: #215868; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-themecolor: accent5; mso-themeshade: 128;">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup></span><span style="color: #215868; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-IN; mso-themecolor: accent5; mso-themeshade: 128;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="color: #215868; font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 7.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-IN; mso-themecolor: accent5; mso-themeshade: 128;">§</span><span color:="" mso-bidi-font-family:="" mso-fareast-font-family:="" mso-fareast-language:en-in="" mso-themecolor:accent5="" mso-themeshade:128="" new="" roman="" serif="" style="font-size: 7.5pt;" times=""> </span><span color:="" en-in="" mso-bidi-font-family:="" mso-fareast-font-family:="" mso-fareast-language:="" mso-themecolor:accent5="" mso-themeshade:128="" new="" roman="" serif="" style="font-family: "; font-size: 7.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;" times=""> </span><span style="color: #215868; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 7.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-IN; mso-themecolor: accent5; mso-themeshade: 128;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vasudeva_IV" title="Vasudeva IV"><span style="color: #215868; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-themecolor: accent5; mso-themeshade: 128;">Vasudeva IV</span></a> reported possible child of
Vasudeva III,ruling in Kandahar, uncertain.<sup>[<i><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed"><span style="color: #215868; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-themecolor: accent5; mso-themeshade: 128;">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup></span><span style="color: #215868; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-IN; mso-themecolor: accent5; mso-themeshade: 128;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="color: #215868; font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 7.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-IN; mso-themecolor: accent5; mso-themeshade: 128;">§</span><span color:="" mso-bidi-font-family:="" mso-fareast-font-family:="" mso-fareast-language:en-in="" mso-themecolor:accent5="" mso-themeshade:128="" new="" roman="" serif="" style="font-size: 7.5pt;" times=""> </span><span color:="" en-in="" mso-bidi-font-family:="" mso-fareast-font-family:="" mso-fareast-language:="" mso-themecolor:accent5="" mso-themeshade:128="" new="" roman="" serif="" style="font-family: "; font-size: 7.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;" times=""> </span><span style="color: #215868; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 7.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-IN; mso-themecolor: accent5; mso-themeshade: 128;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Vasudeva_of_Kabul&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Vasudeva of Kabul (page does not exist)"><span style="color: #215868; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-themecolor: accent5; mso-themeshade: 128;">Vasudeva of
Kabul</span></a> reported possible child of Vasudeva IV,ruling in Kabul,
uncertain.<sup>[<i><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed"><span style="color: #215868; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-themecolor: accent5; mso-themeshade: 128;">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup></span><span style="color: #215868; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-IN; mso-themecolor: accent5; mso-themeshade: 128;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="color: #215868; font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 7.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-IN; mso-themecolor: accent5; mso-themeshade: 128;">§</span><span color:="" mso-bidi-font-family:="" mso-fareast-font-family:="" mso-fareast-language:en-in="" mso-themecolor:accent5="" mso-themeshade:128="" new="" roman="" serif="" style="font-size: 7.5pt;" times=""> </span><span color:="" en-in="" mso-bidi-font-family:="" mso-fareast-font-family:="" mso-fareast-language:="" mso-themecolor:accent5="" mso-themeshade:128="" new="" roman="" serif="" style="font-family: "; font-size: 7.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;" times=""> </span><span style="color: #215868; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 7.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-IN; mso-themecolor: accent5; mso-themeshade: 128;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chhu" title="Chhu"><span style="color: #215868; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-themecolor: accent5; mso-themeshade: 128;">Chhu</span></a> (c.
310? – 325?)<sup>[<i><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed"><span style="color: #215868; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-themecolor: accent5; mso-themeshade: 128;">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup></span><span style="color: #215868; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-IN; mso-themecolor: accent5; mso-themeshade: 128;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="color: #215868; font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 7.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-IN; mso-themecolor: accent5; mso-themeshade: 128;">§</span><span color:="" mso-bidi-font-family:="" mso-fareast-font-family:="" mso-fareast-language:en-in="" mso-themecolor:accent5="" mso-themeshade:128="" new="" roman="" serif="" style="font-size: 7.5pt;" times=""> </span><span color:="" en-in="" mso-bidi-font-family:="" mso-fareast-font-family:="" mso-fareast-language:="" mso-themecolor:accent5="" mso-themeshade:128="" new="" roman="" serif="" style="font-family: "; font-size: 7.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;" times=""> </span><span style="color: #215868; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 7.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-IN; mso-themecolor: accent5; mso-themeshade: 128;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shaka_I" title="Shaka I"><span style="color: #215868; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-themecolor: accent5; mso-themeshade: 128;">Shaka I</span></a> (c. 325 – 345)<sup>[<i><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed"><span style="color: #215868; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-themecolor: accent5; mso-themeshade: 128;">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup></span><span style="color: #215868; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-IN; mso-themecolor: accent5; mso-themeshade: 128;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="color: #215868; font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 7.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-IN; mso-themecolor: accent5; mso-themeshade: 128;">§</span><span color:="" mso-bidi-font-family:="" mso-fareast-font-family:="" mso-fareast-language:en-in="" mso-themecolor:accent5="" mso-themeshade:128="" new="" roman="" serif="" style="font-size: 7.5pt;" times=""> </span><span color:="" en-in="" mso-bidi-font-family:="" mso-fareast-font-family:="" mso-fareast-language:="" mso-themecolor:accent5="" mso-themeshade:128="" new="" roman="" serif="" style="font-family: "; font-size: 7.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;" times=""> </span><span style="color: #215868; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 7.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-IN; mso-themecolor: accent5; mso-themeshade: 128;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kipunada" title="Kipunada"><span style="color: #215868; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-themecolor: accent5; mso-themeshade: 128;">Kipunada</span></a> (c. 345 – 375)</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-IN;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm; width: 123.95pt;" valign="top" width="165"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="color: #943634; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 7.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-IN; mso-themecolor: accent2; mso-themeshade: 191;"><b>Indo-Scythian rulers</b></span><span style="color: #943634; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-IN; mso-themecolor: accent2; mso-themeshade: 191;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="color: #943634; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 7.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-IN; mso-themecolor: accent2; mso-themeshade: 191;"><span style="color: #943634; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-themecolor: accent2; mso-themeshade: 191;">Khyber-</span> and
Eastern Pakistan</span><span style="color: #943634; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-IN; mso-themecolor: accent2; mso-themeshade: 191;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="color: #943634; font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 7.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-IN; mso-themecolor: accent2; mso-themeshade: 191;"><br /></span></span>
<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="color: #943634; font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 7.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-IN; mso-themecolor: accent2; mso-themeshade: 191;"><br /></span></span>
<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="color: #943634; font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 7.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-IN; mso-themecolor: accent2; mso-themeshade: 191;"><br /></span></span>
<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="color: #943634; font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 7.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-IN; mso-themecolor: accent2; mso-themeshade: 191;"><br /></span></span>
<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="color: #943634; font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 7.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-IN; mso-themecolor: accent2; mso-themeshade: 191;"><br /></span></span>
<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="color: #943634; font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 7.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-IN; mso-themecolor: accent2; mso-themeshade: 191;"><br /></span></span>
<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="color: #943634; font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 7.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-IN; mso-themecolor: accent2; mso-themeshade: 191;"><br /></span></span>
<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="color: #943634; font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 7.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-IN; mso-themecolor: accent2; mso-themeshade: 191;"><br /></span></span>
<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="color: #943634; font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 7.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-IN; mso-themecolor: accent2; mso-themeshade: 191;"><br /></span></span>
<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="color: #943634; font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 7.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-IN; mso-themecolor: accent2; mso-themeshade: 191;"><br /></span></span>
<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="color: #943634; font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 7.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-IN; mso-themecolor: accent2; mso-themeshade: 191;"><br /></span></span>
<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="color: #943634; font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 7.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-IN; mso-themecolor: accent2; mso-themeshade: 191;"><br /></span></span>
<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="color: #943634; font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 7.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-IN; mso-themecolor: accent2; mso-themeshade: 191;"><br /></span></span>
<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="color: #943634; font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 7.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-IN; mso-themecolor: accent2; mso-themeshade: 191;"><br /></span></span>
<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="color: #943634; font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 7.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-IN; mso-themecolor: accent2; mso-themeshade: 191;"><br /></span></span>
<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="color: #943634; font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 7.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-IN; mso-themecolor: accent2; mso-themeshade: 191;"><br /></span></span>
<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="color: #943634; font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 7.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-IN; mso-themecolor: accent2; mso-themeshade: 191;">§</span><span color:="" mso-bidi-font-family:="" mso-fareast-font-family:="" mso-fareast-language:en-in="" mso-themecolor:accent2="" mso-themeshade:191="" new="" roman="" serif="" style="font-size: 7.5pt;" times=""> </span><span color:="" en-in="" mso-bidi-font-family:="" mso-fareast-font-family:="" mso-fareast-language:="" mso-themecolor:accent2="" mso-themeshade:191="" new="" roman="" serif="" style="font-family: "; font-size: 7.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;" times=""> </span><span style="color: #943634; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 7.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-IN; mso-themecolor: accent2; mso-themeshade: 191;"><span style="color: #943634; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-themecolor: accent2; mso-themeshade: 191;">Maues</span>, c. 85–60 BC</span><span style="color: #943634; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-IN; mso-themecolor: accent2; mso-themeshade: 191;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="color: #943634; font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 7.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-IN; mso-themecolor: accent2; mso-themeshade: 191;">§</span><span color:="" mso-bidi-font-family:="" mso-fareast-font-family:="" mso-fareast-language:en-in="" mso-themecolor:accent2="" mso-themeshade:191="" new="" roman="" serif="" style="font-size: 7.5pt;" times=""> </span><span color:="" en-in="" mso-bidi-font-family:="" mso-fareast-font-family:="" mso-fareast-language:="" mso-themecolor:accent2="" mso-themeshade:191="" new="" roman="" serif="" style="font-family: "; font-size: 7.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;" times=""> </span><span style="color: #943634; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 7.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-IN; mso-themecolor: accent2; mso-themeshade: 191;"><span style="color: #943634; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-themecolor: accent2; mso-themeshade: 191;">Vonones</span>,
c .75–65 BC</span><span style="color: #943634; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-IN; mso-themecolor: accent2; mso-themeshade: 191;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="color: #943634; font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 7.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-IN; mso-themecolor: accent2; mso-themeshade: 191;">§</span><span color:="" mso-bidi-font-family:="" mso-fareast-font-family:="" mso-fareast-language:en-in="" mso-themecolor:accent2="" mso-themeshade:191="" new="" roman="" serif="" style="font-size: 7.5pt;" times=""> </span><span color:="" en-in="" mso-bidi-font-family:="" mso-fareast-font-family:="" mso-fareast-language:="" mso-themecolor:accent2="" mso-themeshade:191="" new="" roman="" serif="" style="font-family: "; font-size: 7.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;" times=""> </span><span style="color: #943634; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 7.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-IN; mso-themecolor: accent2; mso-themeshade: 191;"><span style="color: #943634; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-themecolor: accent2; mso-themeshade: 191;">Spalahores</span>, c 75–65 BC, <span style="color: #943634; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-themecolor: accent2; mso-themeshade: 191;">satrap</span> and brother of King Vonones, and
probably the later King Spalirises.</span><span style="color: #943634; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-IN; mso-themecolor: accent2; mso-themeshade: 191;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="color: #943634; font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 7.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-IN; mso-themecolor: accent2; mso-themeshade: 191;">§</span><span color:="" mso-bidi-font-family:="" mso-fareast-font-family:="" mso-fareast-language:en-in="" mso-themecolor:accent2="" mso-themeshade:191="" new="" roman="" serif="" style="font-size: 7.5pt;" times=""> </span><span color:="" en-in="" mso-bidi-font-family:="" mso-fareast-font-family:="" mso-fareast-language:="" mso-themecolor:accent2="" mso-themeshade:191="" new="" roman="" serif="" style="font-family: "; font-size: 7.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;" times=""> </span><span style="color: #943634; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 7.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-IN; mso-themecolor: accent2; mso-themeshade: 191;"><span style="color: #943634; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-themecolor: accent2; mso-themeshade: 191;">Spalirises</span>, c. 60–57 BC, king and brother of
King Vonones.</span><span style="color: #943634; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-IN; mso-themecolor: accent2; mso-themeshade: 191;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="color: #943634; font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 7.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-IN; mso-themecolor: accent2; mso-themeshade: 191;">§</span><span color:="" mso-bidi-font-family:="" mso-fareast-font-family:="" mso-fareast-language:en-in="" mso-themecolor:accent2="" mso-themeshade:191="" new="" roman="" serif="" style="font-size: 7.5pt;" times=""> </span><span color:="" en-in="" mso-bidi-font-family:="" mso-fareast-font-family:="" mso-fareast-language:="" mso-themecolor:accent2="" mso-themeshade:191="" new="" roman="" serif="" style="font-family: "; font-size: 7.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;" times=""> </span><span style="color: #943634; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 7.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-IN; mso-themecolor: accent2; mso-themeshade: 191;"><span style="color: #943634; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-themecolor: accent2; mso-themeshade: 191;">Spalagadames</span> c. 50 BC, satrap, and son of
Spalahores.</span><span style="color: #943634; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-IN; mso-themecolor: accent2; mso-themeshade: 191;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="color: #943634; font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 7.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-IN; mso-themecolor: accent2; mso-themeshade: 191;">§</span><span color:="" mso-bidi-font-family:="" mso-fareast-font-family:="" mso-fareast-language:en-in="" mso-themecolor:accent2="" mso-themeshade:191="" new="" roman="" serif="" style="font-size: 7.5pt;" times=""> </span><span color:="" en-in="" mso-bidi-font-family:="" mso-fareast-font-family:="" mso-fareast-language:="" mso-themecolor:accent2="" mso-themeshade:191="" new="" roman="" serif="" style="font-family: "; font-size: 7.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;" times=""> </span><span style="color: #943634; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 7.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-IN; mso-themecolor: accent2; mso-themeshade: 191;"><span style="color: #943634; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-themecolor: accent2; mso-themeshade: 191;">Azilises</span>, before 60 BC</span><span style="color: #943634; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-IN; mso-themecolor: accent2; mso-themeshade: 191;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="color: #943634; font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 7.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-IN; mso-themecolor: accent2; mso-themeshade: 191;">§</span><span color:="" mso-bidi-font-family:="" mso-fareast-font-family:="" mso-fareast-language:en-in="" mso-themecolor:accent2="" mso-themeshade:191="" new="" roman="" serif="" style="font-size: 7.5pt;" times=""> </span><span color:="" en-in="" mso-bidi-font-family:="" mso-fareast-font-family:="" mso-fareast-language:="" mso-themecolor:accent2="" mso-themeshade:191="" new="" roman="" serif="" style="font-family: "; font-size: 7.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;" times=""> </span><span style="color: #943634; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 7.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-IN; mso-themecolor: accent2; mso-themeshade: 191;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Azes_I" title="Azes I"><span style="color: #943634; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-themecolor: accent2; mso-themeshade: 191;">Azes I</span></a>, c. 60–20 BC</span><span style="color: #943634; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-IN; mso-themecolor: accent2; mso-themeshade: 191;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="color: #943634; font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 7.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-IN; mso-themecolor: accent2; mso-themeshade: 191;">§</span><span color:="" mso-bidi-font-family:="" mso-fareast-font-family:="" mso-fareast-language:en-in="" mso-themecolor:accent2="" mso-themeshade:191="" new="" roman="" serif="" style="font-size: 7.5pt;" times=""> </span><span color:="" en-in="" mso-bidi-font-family:="" mso-fareast-font-family:="" mso-fareast-language:="" mso-themecolor:accent2="" mso-themeshade:191="" new="" roman="" serif="" style="font-family: "; font-size: 7.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;" times=""> </span><span style="color: #943634; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 7.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-IN; mso-themecolor: accent2; mso-themeshade: 191;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zeionises" title="Zeionises"><span style="color: #943634; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-themecolor: accent2; mso-themeshade: 191;">Zeionises</span></a>, c. 10 BC – AD 10</span><span style="color: #943634; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-IN; mso-themecolor: accent2; mso-themeshade: 191;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="color: #943634; font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 7.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-IN; mso-themecolor: accent2; mso-themeshade: 191;">§</span><span color:="" mso-bidi-font-family:="" mso-fareast-font-family:="" mso-fareast-language:en-in="" mso-themecolor:accent2="" mso-themeshade:191="" new="" roman="" serif="" style="font-size: 7.5pt;" times=""> </span><span color:="" en-in="" mso-bidi-font-family:="" mso-fareast-font-family:="" mso-fareast-language:="" mso-themecolor:accent2="" mso-themeshade:191="" new="" roman="" serif="" style="font-family: "; font-size: 7.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;" times=""> </span><span style="color: #943634; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 7.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-IN; mso-themecolor: accent2; mso-themeshade: 191;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kharahostes" title="Kharahostes"><span style="color: #943634; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-themecolor: accent2; mso-themeshade: 191;">Kharahostes</span></a>, c. 10 BC – AD 10</span><span style="color: #943634; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-IN; mso-themecolor: accent2; mso-themeshade: 191;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="color: #943634; font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 7.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-IN; mso-themecolor: accent2; mso-themeshade: 191;">§</span><span color:="" mso-bidi-font-family:="" mso-fareast-font-family:="" mso-fareast-language:en-in="" mso-themecolor:accent2="" mso-themeshade:191="" new="" roman="" serif="" style="font-size: 7.5pt;" times=""> </span><span color:="" en-in="" mso-bidi-font-family:="" mso-fareast-font-family:="" mso-fareast-language:="" mso-themecolor:accent2="" mso-themeshade:191="" new="" roman="" serif="" style="font-family: "; font-size: 7.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;" times=""> </span><span style="color: #943634; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 7.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-IN; mso-themecolor: accent2; mso-themeshade: 191;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hajatria" title="Hajatria"><span style="color: #943634; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-themecolor: accent2; mso-themeshade: 191;">Hajatria</span></a></span><span style="color: #943634; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-IN; mso-themecolor: accent2; mso-themeshade: 191;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="color: #943634; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 7.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-IN; mso-themecolor: accent2; mso-themeshade: 191;">Kshaharatas (Punjab, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pakistan" title="Pakistan"><span style="color: #943634; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-themecolor: accent2; mso-themeshade: 191;">Pakistan</span></a> and beyond)</span><span style="color: #943634; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-IN; mso-themecolor: accent2; mso-themeshade: 191;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="color: #943634; font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 7.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-IN; mso-themecolor: accent2; mso-themeshade: 191;">§</span><span color:="" mso-bidi-font-family:="" mso-fareast-font-family:="" mso-fareast-language:en-in="" mso-themecolor:accent2="" mso-themeshade:191="" new="" roman="" serif="" style="font-size: 7.5pt;" times=""> </span><span color:="" en-in="" mso-bidi-font-family:="" mso-fareast-font-family:="" mso-fareast-language:="" mso-themecolor:accent2="" mso-themeshade:191="" new="" roman="" serif="" style="font-family: "; font-size: 7.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;" times=""> </span><span style="color: #943634; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 7.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-IN; mso-themecolor: accent2; mso-themeshade: 191;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liaka_Kusuluka" title="Liaka Kusuluka"><span style="color: #943634; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-themecolor: accent2; mso-themeshade: 191;">Liaka Kusuluka</span></a>, satrap of <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chuksa" title="Chuksa"><span style="color: #943634; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-themecolor: accent2; mso-themeshade: 191;">Chuksa</span></a></span><span style="color: #943634; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-IN; mso-themecolor: accent2; mso-themeshade: 191;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="color: #943634; font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 7.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-IN; mso-themecolor: accent2; mso-themeshade: 191;">§</span><span color:="" mso-bidi-font-family:="" mso-fareast-font-family:="" mso-fareast-language:en-in="" mso-themecolor:accent2="" mso-themeshade:191="" new="" roman="" serif="" style="font-size: 7.5pt;" times=""> </span><span color:="" en-in="" mso-bidi-font-family:="" mso-fareast-font-family:="" mso-fareast-language:="" mso-themecolor:accent2="" mso-themeshade:191="" new="" roman="" serif="" style="font-family: "; font-size: 7.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;" times=""> </span><span style="color: #943634; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 7.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-IN; mso-themecolor: accent2; mso-themeshade: 191;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kusulaka_Patika" title="Kusulaka Patika"><span style="color: #943634; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-themecolor: accent2; mso-themeshade: 191;">Kusulaka Patika</span></a>, satrap of <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chuksa" title="Chuksa"><span style="color: #943634; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-themecolor: accent2; mso-themeshade: 191;">Chuksa</span></a> and son of Liaka Kusulaka</span><span style="color: #943634; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-IN; mso-themecolor: accent2; mso-themeshade: 191;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="color: #943634; font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 7.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-IN; mso-themecolor: accent2; mso-themeshade: 191;">§</span><span color:="" mso-bidi-font-family:="" mso-fareast-font-family:="" mso-fareast-language:en-in="" mso-themecolor:accent2="" mso-themeshade:191="" new="" roman="" serif="" style="font-size: 7.5pt;" times=""> </span><span color:="" en-in="" mso-bidi-font-family:="" mso-fareast-font-family:="" mso-fareast-language:="" mso-themecolor:accent2="" mso-themeshade:191="" new="" roman="" serif="" style="font-family: "; font-size: 7.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;" times=""> </span><span style="color: #943634; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 7.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-IN; mso-themecolor: accent2; mso-themeshade: 191;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bhumaka" title="Bhumaka"><span style="color: #943634; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-themecolor: accent2; mso-themeshade: 191;">Bhumaka</span></a></span><span style="color: #943634; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-IN; mso-themecolor: accent2; mso-themeshade: 191;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="color: #943634; font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 7.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-IN; mso-themecolor: accent2; mso-themeshade: 191;">§</span><span color:="" mso-bidi-font-family:="" mso-fareast-font-family:="" mso-fareast-language:en-in="" mso-themecolor:accent2="" mso-themeshade:191="" new="" roman="" serif="" style="font-size: 7.5pt;" times=""> </span><span color:="" en-in="" mso-bidi-font-family:="" mso-fareast-font-family:="" mso-fareast-language:="" mso-themecolor:accent2="" mso-themeshade:191="" new="" roman="" serif="" style="font-family: "; font-size: 7.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;" times=""> </span><span style="color: #943634; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 7.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-IN; mso-themecolor: accent2; mso-themeshade: 191;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nahapana" title="Nahapana"><span style="color: #943634; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-themecolor: accent2; mso-themeshade: 191;">Nahapana</span></a> (founder of the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Western_Satraps" title="Western Satraps"><span style="color: #943634; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-themecolor: accent2; mso-themeshade: 191;">Western Satraps</span></a>)</span><span style="color: #943634; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-IN; mso-themecolor: accent2; mso-themeshade: 191;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="color: #943634; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 7.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-IN; mso-themecolor: accent2; mso-themeshade: 191;">Aprācas</span><span style="color: #943634; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-IN; mso-themecolor: accent2; mso-themeshade: 191;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="color: #943634; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 7.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-IN; mso-themecolor: accent2; mso-themeshade: 191;">(<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bajaur" title="Bajaur"><span style="color: #943634; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-themecolor: accent2; mso-themeshade: 191;">Bajaur</span></a>, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Khyber-Pakhtunkhwa" title="Khyber-Pakhtunkhwa"><span style="color: #943634; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-themecolor: accent2; mso-themeshade: 191;">Khyber-Pakhtunkhwa</span></a>, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pakistan" title="Pakistan"><span style="color: #943634; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-themecolor: accent2; mso-themeshade: 191;">Pakistan</span></a>)</span><span style="color: #943634; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-IN; mso-themecolor: accent2; mso-themeshade: 191;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="color: #943634; font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 7.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-IN; mso-themecolor: accent2; mso-themeshade: 191;">§</span><span color:="" mso-bidi-font-family:="" mso-fareast-font-family:="" mso-fareast-language:en-in="" mso-themecolor:accent2="" mso-themeshade:191="" new="" roman="" serif="" style="font-size: 7.5pt;" times=""> </span><span color:="" en-in="" mso-bidi-font-family:="" mso-fareast-font-family:="" mso-fareast-language:="" mso-themecolor:accent2="" mso-themeshade:191="" new="" roman="" serif="" style="font-family: "; font-size: 7.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;" times=""> </span><span style="color: #943634; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 7.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-IN; mso-themecolor: accent2; mso-themeshade: 191;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vijayamitra" title="Vijayamitra"><span style="color: #943634; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-themecolor: accent2; mso-themeshade: 191;">Vijayamitra</span></a> (12 BC - AD 15), wife Rukhana</span><span style="color: #943634; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-IN; mso-themecolor: accent2; mso-themeshade: 191;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="color: #943634; font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 7.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-IN; mso-themecolor: accent2; mso-themeshade: 191;">§</span><span color:="" mso-bidi-font-family:="" mso-fareast-font-family:="" mso-fareast-language:en-in="" mso-themecolor:accent2="" mso-themeshade:191="" new="" roman="" serif="" style="font-size: 7.5pt;" times=""> </span><span color:="" en-in="" mso-bidi-font-family:="" mso-fareast-font-family:="" mso-fareast-language:="" mso-themecolor:accent2="" mso-themeshade:191="" new="" roman="" serif="" style="font-family: "; font-size: 7.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;" times=""> </span><span style="color: #943634; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 7.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-IN; mso-themecolor: accent2; mso-themeshade: 191;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Indravasu&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Indravasu (page does not exist)"><span style="color: #943634; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-themecolor: accent2; mso-themeshade: 191;">Indravasu</span></a> (c.
AD 20), wife Vasumitra</span><span style="color: #943634; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-IN; mso-themecolor: accent2; mso-themeshade: 191;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="color: #943634; font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 7.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-IN; mso-themecolor: accent2; mso-themeshade: 191;">§</span><span color:="" mso-bidi-font-family:="" mso-fareast-font-family:="" mso-fareast-language:en-in="" mso-themecolor:accent2="" mso-themeshade:191="" new="" roman="" serif="" style="font-size: 7.5pt;" times=""> </span><span color:="" en-in="" mso-bidi-font-family:="" mso-fareast-font-family:="" mso-fareast-language:="" mso-themecolor:accent2="" mso-themeshade:191="" new="" roman="" serif="" style="font-family: "; font-size: 7.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;" times=""> </span><span style="color: #943634; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 7.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-IN; mso-themecolor: accent2; mso-themeshade: 191;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Vispavarman&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Vispavarman (page does not exist)"><span style="color: #943634; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-themecolor: accent2; mso-themeshade: 191;">Vispavarman</span></a>,
wife Śiśirena</span><span style="color: #943634; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-IN; mso-themecolor: accent2; mso-themeshade: 191;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="color: #943634; font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 7.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-IN; mso-themecolor: accent2; mso-themeshade: 191;">§</span><span color:="" mso-bidi-font-family:="" mso-fareast-font-family:="" mso-fareast-language:en-in="" mso-themecolor:accent2="" mso-themeshade:191="" new="" roman="" serif="" style="font-size: 7.5pt;" times=""> </span><span color:="" en-in="" mso-bidi-font-family:="" mso-fareast-font-family:="" mso-fareast-language:="" mso-themecolor:accent2="" mso-themeshade:191="" new="" roman="" serif="" style="font-family: "; font-size: 7.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;" times=""> </span><span style="color: #943634; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 7.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-IN; mso-themecolor: accent2; mso-themeshade: 191;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Indravarman&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Indravarman (page does not exist)"><span style="color: #943634; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-themecolor: accent2; mso-themeshade: 191;">Indravarman</span></a>,
wife Uttara</span><span style="color: #943634; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-IN; mso-themecolor: accent2; mso-themeshade: 191;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="color: #943634; font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 7.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-IN; mso-themecolor: accent2; mso-themeshade: 191;">§</span><span color:="" mso-bidi-font-family:="" mso-fareast-font-family:="" mso-fareast-language:en-in="" mso-themecolor:accent2="" mso-themeshade:191="" new="" roman="" serif="" style="font-size: 7.5pt;" times=""> </span><span color:="" en-in="" mso-bidi-font-family:="" mso-fareast-font-family:="" mso-fareast-language:="" mso-themecolor:accent2="" mso-themeshade:191="" new="" roman="" serif="" style="font-family: "; font-size: 7.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;" times=""> </span><span style="color: #943634; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 7.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-IN; mso-themecolor: accent2; mso-themeshade: 191;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aspavarman" title="Aspavarman"><span style="color: #943634; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-themecolor: accent2; mso-themeshade: 191;">Aspa</span></a> (AD 15–45) or <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aspavarma" title="Aspavarma"><span style="color: #943634; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-themecolor: accent2; mso-themeshade: 191;">Aspavarma</span></a> (AD 15 - 45)</span><span style="color: #943634; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-IN; mso-themecolor: accent2; mso-themeshade: 191;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="color: #943634; font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 7.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-IN; mso-themecolor: accent2; mso-themeshade: 191;">§</span><span color:="" mso-bidi-font-family:="" mso-fareast-font-family:="" mso-fareast-language:en-in="" mso-themecolor:accent2="" mso-themeshade:191="" new="" roman="" serif="" style="font-size: 7.5pt;" times=""> </span><span color:="" en-in="" mso-bidi-font-family:="" mso-fareast-font-family:="" mso-fareast-language:="" mso-themecolor:accent2="" mso-themeshade:191="" new="" roman="" serif="" style="font-family: "; font-size: 7.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;" times=""> </span><span style="color: #943634; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 7.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-IN; mso-themecolor: accent2; mso-themeshade: 191;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sasan_(Indo-Scythian)&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Sasan (Indo-Scythian) (page does not exist)"><span style="color: #943634; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-themecolor: accent2; mso-themeshade: 191;">Sasan</span></a> </span><span style="color: #943634; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-IN; mso-themecolor: accent2; mso-themeshade: 191;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="color: #943634; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 7.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-IN; mso-themecolor: accent2; mso-themeshade: 191;">Pāratas (<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Balochistan" title="Balochistan"><span style="color: #943634; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-themecolor: accent2; mso-themeshade: 191;">Balochistan</span></a>, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pakistan" title="Pakistan"><span style="color: #943634; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-themecolor: accent2; mso-themeshade: 191;">Pakistan</span></a>)</span><span style="color: #943634; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-IN; mso-themecolor: accent2; mso-themeshade: 191;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="color: #943634; font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 7.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-IN; mso-themecolor: accent2; mso-themeshade: 191;">§</span><span color:="" mso-bidi-font-family:="" mso-fareast-font-family:="" mso-fareast-language:en-in="" mso-themecolor:accent2="" mso-themeshade:191="" new="" roman="" serif="" style="font-size: 7.5pt;" times=""> </span><span color:="" en-in="" mso-bidi-font-family:="" mso-fareast-font-family:="" mso-fareast-language:="" mso-themecolor:accent2="" mso-themeshade:191="" new="" roman="" serif="" style="font-family: "; font-size: 7.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;" times=""> </span><span style="color: #943634; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 7.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-IN; mso-themecolor: accent2; mso-themeshade: 191;">Yolamira, son of Bagareva (c.
125–150)</span><span style="color: #943634; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-IN; mso-themecolor: accent2; mso-themeshade: 191;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="color: #943634; font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 7.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-IN; mso-themecolor: accent2; mso-themeshade: 191;">§</span><span color:="" mso-bidi-font-family:="" mso-fareast-font-family:="" mso-fareast-language:en-in="" mso-themecolor:accent2="" mso-themeshade:191="" new="" roman="" serif="" style="font-size: 7.5pt;" times=""> </span><span color:="" en-in="" mso-bidi-font-family:="" mso-fareast-font-family:="" mso-fareast-language:="" mso-themecolor:accent2="" mso-themeshade:191="" new="" roman="" serif="" style="font-family: "; font-size: 7.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;" times=""> </span><span style="color: #943634; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 7.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-IN; mso-themecolor: accent2; mso-themeshade: 191;">Bagamira, son of Yolamira (c.
150)</span><span style="color: #943634; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-IN; mso-themecolor: accent2; mso-themeshade: 191;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="color: #943634; font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 7.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-IN; mso-themecolor: accent2; mso-themeshade: 191;">§</span><span color:="" mso-bidi-font-family:="" mso-fareast-font-family:="" mso-fareast-language:en-in="" mso-themecolor:accent2="" mso-themeshade:191="" new="" roman="" serif="" style="font-size: 7.5pt;" times=""> </span><span color:="" en-in="" mso-bidi-font-family:="" mso-fareast-font-family:="" mso-fareast-language:="" mso-themecolor:accent2="" mso-themeshade:191="" new="" roman="" serif="" style="font-family: "; font-size: 7.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;" times=""> </span><span style="color: #943634; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 7.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-IN; mso-themecolor: accent2; mso-themeshade: 191;">Arjuna, a second son of
Yolamira (c. 150–160)</span><span style="color: #943634; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-IN; mso-themecolor: accent2; mso-themeshade: 191;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="color: #943634; font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 7.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-IN; mso-themecolor: accent2; mso-themeshade: 191;">§</span><span color:="" mso-bidi-font-family:="" mso-fareast-font-family:="" mso-fareast-language:en-in="" mso-themecolor:accent2="" mso-themeshade:191="" new="" roman="" serif="" style="font-size: 7.5pt;" times=""> </span><span color:="" en-in="" mso-bidi-font-family:="" mso-fareast-font-family:="" mso-fareast-language:="" mso-themecolor:accent2="" mso-themeshade:191="" new="" roman="" serif="" style="font-family: "; font-size: 7.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;" times=""> </span><span style="color: #943634; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 7.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-IN; mso-themecolor: accent2; mso-themeshade: 191;">Hvaramira, a third son of
Yolamira (c. 160–175)</span><span style="color: #943634; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-IN; mso-themecolor: accent2; mso-themeshade: 191;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="color: #943634; font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 7.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-IN; mso-themecolor: accent2; mso-themeshade: 191;">§</span><span color:="" mso-bidi-font-family:="" mso-fareast-font-family:="" mso-fareast-language:en-in="" mso-themecolor:accent2="" mso-themeshade:191="" new="" roman="" serif="" style="font-size: 7.5pt;" times=""> </span><span color:="" en-in="" mso-bidi-font-family:="" mso-fareast-font-family:="" mso-fareast-language:="" mso-themecolor:accent2="" mso-themeshade:191="" new="" roman="" serif="" style="font-family: "; font-size: 7.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;" times=""> </span><span style="color: #943634; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 7.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-IN; mso-themecolor: accent2; mso-themeshade: 191;">Mirahvara, son of Hvaramira
(c. 175–185)</span><span style="color: #943634; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-IN; mso-themecolor: accent2; mso-themeshade: 191;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="color: #943634; font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 7.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-IN; mso-themecolor: accent2; mso-themeshade: 191;">§</span><span color:="" mso-bidi-font-family:="" mso-fareast-font-family:="" mso-fareast-language:en-in="" mso-themecolor:accent2="" mso-themeshade:191="" new="" roman="" serif="" style="font-size: 7.5pt;" times=""> </span><span color:="" en-in="" mso-bidi-font-family:="" mso-fareast-font-family:="" mso-fareast-language:="" mso-themecolor:accent2="" mso-themeshade:191="" new="" roman="" serif="" style="font-family: "; font-size: 7.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;" times=""> </span><span style="color: #943634; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 7.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-IN; mso-themecolor: accent2; mso-themeshade: 191;">Miratakhma, another son of
Hvaramira (c. 185–200)</span><span style="color: #943634; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-IN; mso-themecolor: accent2; mso-themeshade: 191;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="color: #943634; font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 7.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-IN; mso-themecolor: accent2; mso-themeshade: 191;">§</span><span color:="" mso-bidi-font-family:="" mso-fareast-font-family:="" mso-fareast-language:en-in="" mso-themecolor:accent2="" mso-themeshade:191="" new="" roman="" serif="" style="font-size: 7.5pt;" times=""> </span><span color:="" en-in="" mso-bidi-font-family:="" mso-fareast-font-family:="" mso-fareast-language:="" mso-themecolor:accent2="" mso-themeshade:191="" new="" roman="" serif="" style="font-family: "; font-size: 7.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;" times=""> </span><span style="color: #943634; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 7.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-IN; mso-themecolor: accent2; mso-themeshade: 191;">Kozana, son of Bagavharna (and
perhaps grandson of Bagamira?) (c. 200–220)</span><span style="color: #943634; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-IN; mso-themecolor: accent2; mso-themeshade: 191;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="color: #943634; font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 7.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-IN; mso-themecolor: accent2; mso-themeshade: 191;">§</span><span color:="" mso-bidi-font-family:="" mso-fareast-font-family:="" mso-fareast-language:en-in="" mso-themecolor:accent2="" mso-themeshade:191="" new="" roman="" serif="" style="font-size: 7.5pt;" times=""> </span><span color:="" en-in="" mso-bidi-font-family:="" mso-fareast-font-family:="" mso-fareast-language:="" mso-themecolor:accent2="" mso-themeshade:191="" new="" roman="" serif="" style="font-family: "; font-size: 7.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;" times=""> </span><span style="color: #943634; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 7.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-IN; mso-themecolor: accent2; mso-themeshade: 191;">Bhimarjuna, son of Yolatakhma
(and perhaps grandson of Arjuna?) (c. 220–235)</span><span style="color: #943634; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-IN; mso-themecolor: accent2; mso-themeshade: 191;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="color: #943634; font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 7.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-IN; mso-themecolor: accent2; mso-themeshade: 191;">§</span><span color:="" mso-bidi-font-family:="" mso-fareast-font-family:="" mso-fareast-language:en-in="" mso-themecolor:accent2="" mso-themeshade:191="" new="" roman="" serif="" style="font-size: 7.5pt;" times=""> </span><span color:="" en-in="" mso-bidi-font-family:="" mso-fareast-font-family:="" mso-fareast-language:="" mso-themecolor:accent2="" mso-themeshade:191="" new="" roman="" serif="" style="font-family: "; font-size: 7.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;" times=""> </span><span style="color: #943634; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 7.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-IN; mso-themecolor: accent2; mso-themeshade: 191;">Koziya, son of Kozana (c.
235–265)</span><span style="color: #943634; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-IN; mso-themecolor: accent2; mso-themeshade: 191;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="color: #943634; font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 7.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-IN; mso-themecolor: accent2; mso-themeshade: 191;">§</span><span color:="" mso-bidi-font-family:="" mso-fareast-font-family:="" mso-fareast-language:en-in="" mso-themecolor:accent2="" mso-themeshade:191="" new="" roman="" serif="" style="font-size: 7.5pt;" times=""> </span><span color:="" en-in="" mso-bidi-font-family:="" mso-fareast-font-family:="" mso-fareast-language:="" mso-themecolor:accent2="" mso-themeshade:191="" new="" roman="" serif="" style="font-family: "; font-size: 7.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;" times=""> </span><span style="color: #943634; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 7.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-IN; mso-themecolor: accent2; mso-themeshade: 191;">Datarvharna, son of Datayola I
(possible grandson of Bhimarjuna) (c. 265–280)</span><span style="color: #943634; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-IN; mso-themecolor: accent2; mso-themeshade: 191;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="color: #943634; font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 7.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-IN; mso-themecolor: accent2; mso-themeshade: 191;">§</span><span color:="" mso-bidi-font-family:="" mso-fareast-font-family:="" mso-fareast-language:en-in="" mso-themecolor:accent2="" mso-themeshade:191="" new="" roman="" serif="" style="font-size: 7.5pt;" times=""> </span><span color:="" en-in="" mso-bidi-font-family:="" mso-fareast-font-family:="" mso-fareast-language:="" mso-themecolor:accent2="" mso-themeshade:191="" new="" roman="" serif="" style="font-family: "; font-size: 7.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;" times=""> </span><span style="color: #943634; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 7.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-IN; mso-themecolor: accent2; mso-themeshade: 191;">Datayola II, son of
Datarvharna (c. 280–300)</span><span style="color: #943634; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-IN; mso-themecolor: accent2; mso-themeshade: 191;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><b><u><span style="color: #943634; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 7.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-IN; mso-themecolor: accent2; mso-themeshade: 191;">"Northern Satraps"
(Mathura area)</span></u></b><span style="color: #943634; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-IN; mso-themecolor: accent2; mso-themeshade: 191;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="color: #943634; font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 7.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-IN; mso-themecolor: accent2; mso-themeshade: 191;">§</span><span color:="" mso-bidi-font-family:="" mso-fareast-font-family:="" mso-fareast-language:en-in="" mso-themecolor:accent2="" mso-themeshade:191="" new="" roman="" serif="" style="font-size: 7.5pt;" times=""> </span><span color:="" en-in="" mso-bidi-font-family:="" mso-fareast-font-family:="" mso-fareast-language:="" mso-themecolor:accent2="" mso-themeshade:191="" new="" roman="" serif="" style="font-family: "; font-size: 7.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;" times=""> </span><span style="color: #943634; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 7.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-IN; mso-themecolor: accent2; mso-themeshade: 191;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Hagamasha&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Hagamasha (page does not exist)"><span style="color: #943634; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-themecolor: accent2; mso-themeshade: 191;">Hagamasha</span></a> (satrap,
1st century BC)</span><span style="color: #943634; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-IN; mso-themecolor: accent2; mso-themeshade: 191;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="color: #943634; font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 7.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-IN; mso-themecolor: accent2; mso-themeshade: 191;">§</span><span color:="" mso-bidi-font-family:="" mso-fareast-font-family:="" mso-fareast-language:en-in="" mso-themecolor:accent2="" mso-themeshade:191="" new="" roman="" serif="" style="font-size: 7.5pt;" times=""> </span><span color:="" en-in="" mso-bidi-font-family:="" mso-fareast-font-family:="" mso-fareast-language:="" mso-themecolor:accent2="" mso-themeshade:191="" new="" roman="" serif="" style="font-family: "; font-size: 7.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;" times=""> </span><span style="color: #943634; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 7.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-IN; mso-themecolor: accent2; mso-themeshade: 191;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Hagana_(satrap)&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Hagana (satrap) (page does not exist)"><span style="color: #943634; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-themecolor: accent2; mso-themeshade: 191;">Hagana</span></a> (satrap,
1st century BC)</span><span style="color: #943634; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-IN; mso-themecolor: accent2; mso-themeshade: 191;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="color: #943634; font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 7.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-IN; mso-themecolor: accent2; mso-themeshade: 191;">§</span><span color:="" mso-bidi-font-family:="" mso-fareast-font-family:="" mso-fareast-language:en-in="" mso-themecolor:accent2="" mso-themeshade:191="" new="" roman="" serif="" style="font-size: 7.5pt;" times=""> </span><span color:="" en-in="" mso-bidi-font-family:="" mso-fareast-font-family:="" mso-fareast-language:="" mso-themecolor:accent2="" mso-themeshade:191="" new="" roman="" serif="" style="font-family: "; font-size: 7.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;" times=""> </span><span style="color: #943634; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 7.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-IN; mso-themecolor: accent2; mso-themeshade: 191;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rajuvula" title="Rajuvula"><span style="color: #943634; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-themecolor: accent2; mso-themeshade: 191;">Rajuvula</span></a>, c. AD 10 (Great Satrap)</span><span style="color: #943634; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-IN; mso-themecolor: accent2; mso-themeshade: 191;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="color: #943634; font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 7.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-IN; mso-themecolor: accent2; mso-themeshade: 191;">§</span><span color:="" mso-bidi-font-family:="" mso-fareast-font-family:="" mso-fareast-language:en-in="" mso-themecolor:accent2="" mso-themeshade:191="" new="" roman="" serif="" style="font-size: 7.5pt;" times=""> </span><span color:="" en-in="" mso-bidi-font-family:="" mso-fareast-font-family:="" mso-fareast-language:="" mso-themecolor:accent2="" mso-themeshade:191="" new="" roman="" serif="" style="font-family: "; font-size: 7.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;" times=""> </span><span style="color: #943634; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 7.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-IN; mso-themecolor: accent2; mso-themeshade: 191;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sodasa" title="Sodasa"><span style="color: #943634; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-themecolor: accent2; mso-themeshade: 191;">Sodasa</span></a>, son of Rajuvula</span><span style="color: #943634; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-IN; mso-themecolor: accent2; mso-themeshade: 191;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="color: #943634; font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 7.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-IN; mso-themecolor: accent2; mso-themeshade: 191;">§</span><span color:="" mso-bidi-font-family:="" mso-fareast-font-family:="" mso-fareast-language:en-in="" mso-themecolor:accent2="" mso-themeshade:191="" new="" roman="" serif="" style="font-size: 7.5pt;" times=""> </span><span color:="" en-in="" mso-bidi-font-family:="" mso-fareast-font-family:="" mso-fareast-language:="" mso-themecolor:accent2="" mso-themeshade:191="" new="" roman="" serif="" style="font-family: "; font-size: 7.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;" times=""> </span><span style="color: #943634; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 7.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-IN; mso-themecolor: accent2; mso-themeshade: 191;">"Great Satrap" <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Kharapallana&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Kharapallana (page does not exist)"><span style="color: #943634; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-themecolor: accent2; mso-themeshade: 191;">Kharapallana</span></a> (c.
AD 130)</span><span style="color: #943634; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-IN; mso-themecolor: accent2; mso-themeshade: 191;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="color: #943634; font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 7.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-IN; mso-themecolor: accent2; mso-themeshade: 191;">§</span><span color:="" mso-bidi-font-family:="" mso-fareast-font-family:="" mso-fareast-language:en-in="" mso-themecolor:accent2="" mso-themeshade:191="" new="" roman="" serif="" style="font-size: 7.5pt;" times=""> </span><span color:="" en-in="" mso-bidi-font-family:="" mso-fareast-font-family:="" mso-fareast-language:="" mso-themecolor:accent2="" mso-themeshade:191="" new="" roman="" serif="" style="font-family: "; font-size: 7.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;" times=""> </span><span style="color: #943634; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 7.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-IN; mso-themecolor: accent2; mso-themeshade: 191;">"Satrap" <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Vanaspara&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Vanaspara (page does not exist)"><span style="color: #943634; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-themecolor: accent2; mso-themeshade: 191;">Vanaspara</span></a> (c.
AD 130)</span><span style="color: #943634; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-IN; mso-themecolor: accent2; mso-themeshade: 191;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<td style="padding: 0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm; width: 121.2pt;" valign="top" width="162"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><b><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 7.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-IN;">Western
Satraps</span></b><span style="color: #00b050; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-IN;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="color: #00b050; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 7.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-IN;">Kshaharata dynasty</span><span style="color: #00b050; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-IN;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="color: #00b050; font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 7.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-IN;"><br /></span></span>
<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="color: #00b050; font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 7.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-IN;"><br /></span></span>
<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="color: #00b050; font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 7.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-IN;"><br /></span></span>
<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="color: #00b050; font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 7.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-IN;"><br /></span></span>
<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="color: #00b050; font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 7.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-IN;"><br /></span></span>
<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="color: #00b050; font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 7.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-IN;"><br /></span></span>
<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="color: #00b050; font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 7.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-IN;"> </span></span><span style="color: #00b050; font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 7.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-IN;">§</span><span b050="" color:="" mso-bidi-font-family:="" mso-fareast-font-family:="" mso-fareast-language:en-in="" new="" roman="" serif="" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 7.5pt; text-indent: -18pt;" times=""> </span><span b050="" color:="" mso-bidi-font-family:="" mso-fareast-font-family:="" mso-fareast-language:en-in="" new="" roman="" serif="" style="font-family: "; font-size: 7.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;" times=""> </span><span style="color: #00b050; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 7.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-IN;">Yapirajaya</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="color: #00b050; font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 7.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-IN;">§</span><span b050="" color:="" en-in="" mso-bidi-font-family:="" mso-fareast-font-family:="" mso-fareast-language:="" new="" roman="" serif="" style="font-size: 7.5pt;" times=""> </span><span b050="" color:="" en-in="" mso-bidi-font-family:="" mso-fareast-font-family:="" mso-fareast-language:="" new="" roman="" serif="" style="font-family: "; font-size: 7.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;" times=""> </span><span style="color: #00b050; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 7.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-IN;">Hospises</span><span style="color: #00b050; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-IN;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="color: #00b050; font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 7.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-IN;">§</span><span b050="" color:="" en-in="" mso-bidi-font-family:="" mso-fareast-font-family:="" mso-fareast-language:="" new="" roman="" serif="" style="font-size: 7.5pt;" times=""> </span><span b050="" color:="" en-in="" mso-bidi-font-family:="" mso-fareast-font-family:="" mso-fareast-language:="" new="" roman="" serif="" style="font-family: "; font-size: 7.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;" times=""> </span><span style="color: #00b050; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 7.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-IN;">Higaraka</span><span style="color: #00b050; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-IN;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="color: #00b050; font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 7.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-IN;">§</span><span b050="" color:="" en-in="" mso-bidi-font-family:="" mso-fareast-font-family:="" mso-fareast-language:="" new="" roman="" serif="" style="font-size: 7.5pt;" times=""> </span><span b050="" color:="" en-in="" mso-bidi-font-family:="" mso-fareast-font-family:="" mso-fareast-language:="" new="" roman="" serif="" style="font-family: "; font-size: 7.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;" times=""> </span><span style="color: #00b050; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 7.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-IN;"><span style="color: #00b050; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Abhiraka</span> (Aubhirakes)</span><span style="color: #00b050; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-IN;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="color: #00b050; font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 7.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-IN;">§</span><span b050="" color:="" en-in="" mso-bidi-font-family:="" mso-fareast-font-family:="" mso-fareast-language:="" new="" roman="" serif="" style="font-size: 7.5pt;" times=""> </span><span b050="" color:="" en-in="" mso-bidi-font-family:="" mso-fareast-font-family:="" mso-fareast-language:="" new="" roman="" serif="" style="font-family: "; font-size: 7.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;" times=""> </span><span style="color: #00b050; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 7.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-IN;"><span style="color: #00b050; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Bhumaka</span> (?–119) </span><span style="color: #00b050; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-IN;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="color: #00b050; font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 7.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-IN;">§</span><span b050="" color:="" en-in="" mso-bidi-font-family:="" mso-fareast-font-family:="" mso-fareast-language:="" new="" roman="" serif="" style="font-size: 7.5pt;" times=""> </span><span b050="" color:="" en-in="" mso-bidi-font-family:="" mso-fareast-font-family:="" mso-fareast-language:="" new="" roman="" serif="" style="font-family: "; font-size: 7.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;" times=""> </span><span style="color: #00b050; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 7.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-IN;">Nahapana (119–124)</span><span style="color: #00b050; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-IN;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="color: #00b050; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 7.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-IN;">Bhadramukhas or Kardamaka dynasty</span><span style="color: #00b050; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-IN;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="color: #00b050; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 7.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-IN;">Family of Chastana:</span><span style="color: #00b050; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-IN;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="color: #00b050; font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 7.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-IN;"> §</span><span b050="" color:="" en-in="" mso-bidi-font-family:="" mso-fareast-font-family:="" mso-fareast-language:="" new="" roman="" serif="" style="font-size: 7.5pt;" times=""> </span><span b050="" color:="" en-in="" mso-bidi-font-family:="" mso-fareast-font-family:="" mso-fareast-language:="" new="" roman="" serif="" style="font-family: "; font-size: 7.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;" times=""> </span><span style="color: #00b050; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 7.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-IN;"><span style="color: #00b050; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Chastana</span> (c.
120), son of <span style="color: #00b050; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Ghsamotika</span> </span><span style="color: #00b050; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-IN;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="color: #00b050; font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 7.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-IN;">§</span><span b050="" color:="" en-in="" mso-bidi-font-family:="" mso-fareast-font-family:="" mso-fareast-language:="" new="" roman="" serif="" style="font-size: 7.5pt;" times=""> </span><span b050="" color:="" en-in="" mso-bidi-font-family:="" mso-fareast-font-family:="" mso-fareast-language:="" new="" roman="" serif="" style="font-family: "; font-size: 7.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;" times=""> </span><span style="color: #00b050; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 7.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-IN;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jayadaman" title="Jayadaman"><span style="color: #00b050; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Jayadaman</span></a>, son of
Chastana</span><span style="color: #00b050; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-IN;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="color: #00b050; font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 7.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-IN;">§</span><span b050="" color:="" en-in="" mso-bidi-font-family:="" mso-fareast-font-family:="" mso-fareast-language:="" new="" roman="" serif="" style="font-size: 7.5pt;" times=""> </span><span b050="" color:="" en-in="" mso-bidi-font-family:="" mso-fareast-font-family:="" mso-fareast-language:="" new="" roman="" serif="" style="font-family: "; font-size: 7.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;" times=""> </span><span style="color: #00b050; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 7.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-IN;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rudradaman_I" title="Rudradaman I"><span style="color: #00b050; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Rudradaman
I</span></a> (c. 130–150), son of Jayadaman </span><span style="color: #00b050; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-IN;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="color: #00b050; font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 7.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-IN;">§</span><span b050="" color:="" en-in="" mso-bidi-font-family:="" mso-fareast-font-family:="" mso-fareast-language:="" new="" roman="" serif="" style="font-size: 7.5pt;" times=""> </span><span b050="" color:="" en-in="" mso-bidi-font-family:="" mso-fareast-font-family:="" mso-fareast-language:="" new="" roman="" serif="" style="font-family: "; font-size: 7.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;" times=""> </span><span style="color: #00b050; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 7.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-IN;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Damajadasri_I" title="Damajadasri I"><span style="color: #00b050; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Damajadasri
I</span></a> (170–175)</span><span style="color: #00b050; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-IN;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="color: #00b050; font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 7.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-IN;">§</span><span b050="" color:="" en-in="" mso-bidi-font-family:="" mso-fareast-font-family:="" mso-fareast-language:="" new="" roman="" serif="" style="font-size: 7.5pt;" times=""> </span><span b050="" color:="" en-in="" mso-bidi-font-family:="" mso-fareast-font-family:="" mso-fareast-language:="" new="" roman="" serif="" style="font-family: "; font-size: 7.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;" times=""> </span><span style="color: #00b050; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 7.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-IN;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jivadaman" title="Jivadaman"><span style="color: #00b050; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Jivadaman</span></a> (175
died 199)</span><span style="color: #00b050; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-IN;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="color: #00b050; font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 7.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-IN;">§</span><span b050="" color:="" en-in="" mso-bidi-font-family:="" mso-fareast-font-family:="" mso-fareast-language:="" new="" roman="" serif="" style="font-size: 7.5pt;" times=""> </span><span b050="" color:="" en-in="" mso-bidi-font-family:="" mso-fareast-font-family:="" mso-fareast-language:="" new="" roman="" serif="" style="font-family: "; font-size: 7.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;" times=""> </span><span style="color: #00b050; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 7.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-IN;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rudrasimha_I" title="Rudrasimha I"><span style="color: #00b050; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Rudrasimha
I</span></a> (175–188 died 197)</span><span style="color: #00b050; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-IN;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="color: #00b050; font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 7.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-IN;">§</span><span b050="" color:="" en-in="" mso-bidi-font-family:="" mso-fareast-font-family:="" mso-fareast-language:="" new="" roman="" serif="" style="font-size: 7.5pt;" times=""> </span><span b050="" color:="" en-in="" mso-bidi-font-family:="" mso-fareast-font-family:="" mso-fareast-language:="" new="" roman="" serif="" style="font-family: "; font-size: 7.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;" times=""> </span><span style="color: #00b050; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 7.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-IN;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Isvaradatta&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Isvaradatta (page does not exist)"><span style="color: #00b050; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Isvaradatta</span></a> (188–191)</span><span style="color: #00b050; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-IN;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="color: #00b050; font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 7.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-IN;">§</span><span b050="" color:="" en-in="" mso-bidi-font-family:="" mso-fareast-font-family:="" mso-fareast-language:="" new="" roman="" serif="" style="font-size: 7.5pt;" times=""> </span><span b050="" color:="" en-in="" mso-bidi-font-family:="" mso-fareast-font-family:="" mso-fareast-language:="" new="" roman="" serif="" style="font-family: "; font-size: 7.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;" times=""> </span><span style="color: #00b050; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 7.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-IN;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rudrasimha_I" title="Rudrasimha I"><span style="color: #00b050; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Rudrasimha
I</span></a> (restored) (191–197)</span><span style="color: #00b050; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-IN;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="color: #00b050; font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 7.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-IN;">§</span><span b050="" color:="" en-in="" mso-bidi-font-family:="" mso-fareast-font-family:="" mso-fareast-language:="" new="" roman="" serif="" style="font-size: 7.5pt;" times=""> </span><span b050="" color:="" en-in="" mso-bidi-font-family:="" mso-fareast-font-family:="" mso-fareast-language:="" new="" roman="" serif="" style="font-family: "; font-size: 7.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;" times=""> </span><span style="color: #00b050; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 7.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-IN;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jivadaman" title="Jivadaman"><span style="color: #00b050; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Jivadaman</span></a> (restored)
(197–199)</span><span style="color: #00b050; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-IN;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="color: #00b050; font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 7.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-IN;">§</span><span b050="" color:="" en-in="" mso-bidi-font-family:="" mso-fareast-font-family:="" mso-fareast-language:="" new="" roman="" serif="" style="font-size: 7.5pt;" times=""> </span><span b050="" color:="" en-in="" mso-bidi-font-family:="" mso-fareast-font-family:="" mso-fareast-language:="" new="" roman="" serif="" style="font-family: "; font-size: 7.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;" times=""> </span><span style="color: #00b050; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 7.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-IN;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rudrasena_I" title="Rudrasena I"><span style="color: #00b050; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Rudrasena I</span></a> (200–222) </span><span style="color: #00b050; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-IN;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="color: #00b050; font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 7.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-IN;">§</span><span b050="" color:="" en-in="" mso-bidi-font-family:="" mso-fareast-font-family:="" mso-fareast-language:="" new="" roman="" serif="" style="font-size: 7.5pt;" times=""> </span><span b050="" color:="" en-in="" mso-bidi-font-family:="" mso-fareast-font-family:="" mso-fareast-language:="" new="" roman="" serif="" style="font-family: "; font-size: 7.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;" times=""> </span><span style="color: #00b050; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 7.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-IN;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Samghadaman&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Samghadaman (page does not exist)"><span style="color: #00b050; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Samghadaman</span></a> (222–223)</span><span style="color: #00b050; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-IN;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="color: #00b050; font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 7.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-IN;">§</span><span b050="" color:="" en-in="" mso-bidi-font-family:="" mso-fareast-font-family:="" mso-fareast-language:="" new="" roman="" serif="" style="font-size: 7.5pt;" times=""> </span><span b050="" color:="" en-in="" mso-bidi-font-family:="" mso-fareast-font-family:="" mso-fareast-language:="" new="" roman="" serif="" style="font-family: "; font-size: 7.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;" times=""> </span><span style="color: #00b050; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 7.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-IN;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Damasena&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Damasena (page does not exist)"><span style="color: #00b050; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Damasena</span></a> (223–232)</span><span style="color: #00b050; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-IN;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="color: #00b050; font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 7.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-IN;">§</span><span b050="" color:="" en-in="" mso-bidi-font-family:="" mso-fareast-font-family:="" mso-fareast-language:="" new="" roman="" serif="" style="font-size: 7.5pt;" times=""> </span><span b050="" color:="" en-in="" mso-bidi-font-family:="" mso-fareast-font-family:="" mso-fareast-language:="" new="" roman="" serif="" style="font-family: "; font-size: 7.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;" times=""> </span><span style="color: #00b050; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 7.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-IN;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Damajadasri_II&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Damajadasri II (page does not exist)"><span style="color: #00b050; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Damajadasri II</span></a> (232–239) with</span><span style="color: #00b050; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-IN;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="color: #00b050; font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 7.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-IN;">§</span><span b050="" color:="" en-in="" mso-bidi-font-family:="" mso-fareast-font-family:="" mso-fareast-language:="" new="" roman="" serif="" style="font-size: 7.5pt;" times=""> </span><span b050="" color:="" en-in="" mso-bidi-font-family:="" mso-fareast-font-family:="" mso-fareast-language:="" new="" roman="" serif="" style="font-family: "; font-size: 7.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;" times=""> </span><span style="color: #00b050; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 7.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-IN;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Viradaman&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Viradaman (page does not exist)"><span style="color: #00b050; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Viradaman</span></a> (234–238)</span><span style="color: #00b050; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-IN;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="color: #00b050; font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 7.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-IN;">§</span><span b050="" color:="" en-in="" mso-bidi-font-family:="" mso-fareast-font-family:="" mso-fareast-language:="" new="" roman="" serif="" style="font-size: 7.5pt;" times=""> </span><span b050="" color:="" en-in="" mso-bidi-font-family:="" mso-fareast-font-family:="" mso-fareast-language:="" new="" roman="" serif="" style="font-family: "; font-size: 7.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;" times=""> </span><span style="color: #00b050; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 7.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-IN;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Yasodaman_I&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Yasodaman I (page does not exist)"><span style="color: #00b050; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Yasodaman I</span></a> (239)</span><span style="color: #00b050; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-IN;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="color: #00b050; font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 7.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-IN;">§</span><span b050="" color:="" en-in="" mso-bidi-font-family:="" mso-fareast-font-family:="" mso-fareast-language:="" new="" roman="" serif="" style="font-size: 7.5pt;" times=""> </span><span b050="" color:="" en-in="" mso-bidi-font-family:="" mso-fareast-font-family:="" mso-fareast-language:="" new="" roman="" serif="" style="font-family: "; font-size: 7.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;" times=""> </span><span style="color: #00b050; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 7.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-IN;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vijayasena" title="Vijayasena"><span style="color: #00b050; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Vijayasena</span></a> (239–250)</span><span style="color: #00b050; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-IN;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="color: #00b050; font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 7.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-IN;">§</span><span b050="" color:="" en-in="" mso-bidi-font-family:="" mso-fareast-font-family:="" mso-fareast-language:="" new="" roman="" serif="" style="font-size: 7.5pt;" times=""> </span><span b050="" color:="" en-in="" mso-bidi-font-family:="" mso-fareast-font-family:="" mso-fareast-language:="" new="" roman="" serif="" style="font-family: "; font-size: 7.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;" times=""> </span><span style="color: #00b050; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 7.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-IN;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Damajadasri_III&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Damajadasri III (page does not exist)"><span style="color: #00b050; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Damajadasri III</span></a> (251–255)</span><span style="color: #00b050; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-IN;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="color: #00b050; font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 7.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-IN;">§</span><span b050="" color:="" en-in="" mso-bidi-font-family:="" mso-fareast-font-family:="" mso-fareast-language:="" new="" roman="" serif="" style="font-size: 7.5pt;" times=""> </span><span b050="" color:="" en-in="" mso-bidi-font-family:="" mso-fareast-font-family:="" mso-fareast-language:="" new="" roman="" serif="" style="font-family: "; font-size: 7.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;" times=""> </span><span style="color: #00b050; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 7.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-IN;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Rudrasena_II&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Rudrasena II (page does not exist)"><span style="color: #00b050; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Rudrasena II</span></a> (255–277)</span><span style="color: #00b050; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-IN;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="color: #00b050; font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 7.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-IN;">§</span><span b050="" color:="" en-in="" mso-bidi-font-family:="" mso-fareast-font-family:="" mso-fareast-language:="" new="" roman="" serif="" style="font-size: 7.5pt;" times=""> </span><span b050="" color:="" en-in="" mso-bidi-font-family:="" mso-fareast-font-family:="" mso-fareast-language:="" new="" roman="" serif="" style="font-family: "; font-size: 7.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;" times=""> </span><span style="color: #00b050; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 7.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-IN;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Visvasimha&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Visvasimha (page does not exist)"><span style="color: #00b050; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Visvasimha</span></a> (277–282)</span><span style="color: #00b050; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-IN;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="color: #00b050; font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 7.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-IN;">§</span><span b050="" color:="" en-in="" mso-bidi-font-family:="" mso-fareast-font-family:="" mso-fareast-language:="" new="" roman="" serif="" style="font-size: 7.5pt;" times=""> </span><span b050="" color:="" en-in="" mso-bidi-font-family:="" mso-fareast-font-family:="" mso-fareast-language:="" new="" roman="" serif="" style="font-family: "; font-size: 7.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;" times=""> </span><span style="color: #00b050; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 7.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-IN;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bhratadarman" title="Bhratadarman"><span style="color: #00b050; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Bhratadarman</span></a> (282–295) with</span><span style="color: #00b050; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-IN;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="color: #00b050; font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 7.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-IN;">§</span><span b050="" color:="" en-in="" mso-bidi-font-family:="" mso-fareast-font-family:="" mso-fareast-language:="" new="" roman="" serif="" style="font-size: 7.5pt;" times=""> </span><span b050="" color:="" en-in="" mso-bidi-font-family:="" mso-fareast-font-family:="" mso-fareast-language:="" new="" roman="" serif="" style="font-family: "; font-size: 7.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;" times=""> </span><span style="color: #00b050; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 7.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-IN;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Visvasena&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Visvasena (page does not exist)"><span style="color: #00b050; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Visvasena</span></a> (293–304) </span><span style="color: #00b050; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-IN;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="color: #00b050; font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 7.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-IN;">§</span><span b050="" color:="" en-in="" mso-bidi-font-family:="" mso-fareast-font-family:="" mso-fareast-language:="" new="" roman="" serif="" style="font-size: 7.5pt;" times=""> </span><span b050="" color:="" en-in="" mso-bidi-font-family:="" mso-fareast-font-family:="" mso-fareast-language:="" new="" roman="" serif="" style="font-family: "; font-size: 7.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;" times=""> </span><b><span style="color: #00b050; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 7.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-IN;">Family of Rudrasimha II:</span></b><span style="color: #00b050; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-IN;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="color: #00b050; font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 7.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-IN;">§</span><span b050="" color:="" en-in="" mso-bidi-font-family:="" mso-fareast-font-family:="" mso-fareast-language:="" new="" roman="" serif="" style="font-size: 7.5pt;" times=""> </span><span b050="" color:="" en-in="" mso-bidi-font-family:="" mso-fareast-font-family:="" mso-fareast-language:="" new="" roman="" serif="" style="font-family: "; font-size: 7.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;" times=""> </span><span style="color: #00b050; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 7.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-IN;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Rudrasimha_II&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Rudrasimha II (page does not exist)"><span style="color: #00b050; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Rudrasimha II</span></a>, son of Lord (Svami) <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jivadaman" title="Jivadaman"><span style="color: #00b050; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Jivadaman</span></a> (304–348)
with</span><span style="color: #00b050; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-IN;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="color: #00b050; font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 7.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-IN;">§</span><span b050="" color:="" en-in="" mso-bidi-font-family:="" mso-fareast-font-family:="" mso-fareast-language:="" new="" roman="" serif="" style="font-size: 7.5pt;" times=""> </span><span b050="" color:="" en-in="" mso-bidi-font-family:="" mso-fareast-font-family:="" mso-fareast-language:="" new="" roman="" serif="" style="font-family: "; font-size: 7.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;" times=""> </span><span style="color: #00b050; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 7.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-IN;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Yasodaman_II&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Yasodaman II (page does not exist)"><span style="color: #00b050; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Yasodaman II</span></a> (317–332)</span><span style="color: #00b050; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-IN;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="color: #00b050; font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 7.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-IN;">§</span><span b050="" color:="" en-in="" mso-bidi-font-family:="" mso-fareast-font-family:="" mso-fareast-language:="" new="" roman="" serif="" style="font-size: 7.5pt;" times=""> </span><span b050="" color:="" en-in="" mso-bidi-font-family:="" mso-fareast-font-family:="" mso-fareast-language:="" new="" roman="" serif="" style="font-family: "; font-size: 7.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;" times=""> </span><span style="color: #00b050; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 7.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-IN;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Rudradaman_II&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Rudradaman II (page does not exist)"><span style="color: #00b050; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Rudradaman II</span></a> (332–348)</span><span style="color: #00b050; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-IN;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="color: #00b050; font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 7.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-IN;">§</span><span b050="" color:="" en-in="" mso-bidi-font-family:="" mso-fareast-font-family:="" mso-fareast-language:="" new="" roman="" serif="" style="font-size: 7.5pt;" times=""> </span><span b050="" color:="" en-in="" mso-bidi-font-family:="" mso-fareast-font-family:="" mso-fareast-language:="" new="" roman="" serif="" style="font-family: "; font-size: 7.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;" times=""> </span><span style="color: #00b050; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 7.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-IN;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Rudrasena_III&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Rudrasena III (page does not exist)"><span style="color: #00b050; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Rudrasena III</span></a> (348–380)</span><span style="color: #00b050; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-IN;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="color: #00b050; font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 7.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-IN;">§</span><span b050="" color:="" en-in="" mso-bidi-font-family:="" mso-fareast-font-family:="" mso-fareast-language:="" new="" roman="" serif="" style="font-size: 7.5pt;" times=""> </span><span b050="" color:="" en-in="" mso-bidi-font-family:="" mso-fareast-font-family:="" mso-fareast-language:="" new="" roman="" serif="" style="font-family: "; font-size: 7.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;" times=""> </span><span style="color: #00b050; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 7.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-IN;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Simhasena&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Simhasena (page does not exist)"><span style="color: #00b050; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Simhasena</span></a> (380– ?)</span><span style="color: #00b050; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-IN;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="color: #00b050; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 7.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-IN;">§</span><span b050="" color:="" mso-bidi-font-family:="" mso-fareast-font-family:="" mso-fareast-language:en-in="" new="" roman="" serif="" style="font-size: 7.5pt;" times=""> </span><span b050="" color:="" mso-bidi-font-family:="" mso-fareast-font-family:="" mso-fareast-language:en-in="" new="" roman="" serif="" style="font-family: "; font-size: 7.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;" times=""> </span><span style="color: #00b050; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 7.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-IN;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Rudrasena_IV&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Rudrasena IV (page does not exist)"><span style="color: #00b050; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Rudrasena IV</span></a> (382–388)</span><span style="color: #00b050; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-IN;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="color: #00b050; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 7.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-IN;">§</span><span b050="" color:="" mso-bidi-font-family:="" mso-fareast-font-family:="" mso-fareast-language:en-in="" new="" roman="" serif="" style="font-size: 7.5pt;" times=""> </span><span b050="" color:="" mso-bidi-font-family:="" mso-fareast-font-family:="" mso-fareast-language:en-in="" new="" roman="" serif="" style="font-family: "; font-size: 7.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;" times=""> </span><span style="color: #00b050; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 7.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-IN;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rudrasimha_III" title="Rudrasimha III"><span style="color: #00b050; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Rudrasimha III</span></a> (388–395)</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-IN;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<td style="padding: 0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm; width: 139.0pt;" valign="top" width="185"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 7.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-IN;">Satavahanas</span></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-IN;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 7.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-IN;"><br /></span></span>
<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 7.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-IN;"><br /></span></span>
<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 7.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-IN;"><br /></span></span>
<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 7.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-IN;"><br /></span></span>
<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 7.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-IN;"><br /></span></span>
<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 7.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-IN;"><br /></span></span>
<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 7.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-IN;"><br /></span></span>
<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 7.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-IN;"><br /></span></span>
<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 7.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-IN;"><br /></span></span>
<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 7.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-IN;"><br /></span></span>
<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 7.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-IN;">§</span><span mso-bidi-font-family:="" mso-fareast-font-family:="" mso-fareast-language:en-in="" new="" roman="" serif="" style="font-size: 7.5pt;" times=""> </span><span c00000="" color:="" mso-bidi-font-family:="" mso-fareast-font-family:="" mso-fareast-language:en-in="" new="" roman="" serif="" style="font-family: "; font-size: 7.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;" times=""> </span><span style="color: #c00000; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 7.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-IN;"><span style="color: #c00000; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Simuka</span> or
Sisuka (r. 230–207 BCE).</span><span style="color: #c00000; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-IN;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="color: #c00000; font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 7.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-IN;"><br /></span></span>
<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="color: #c00000; font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 7.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-IN;">§</span><span c00000="" color:="" en-in="" mso-bidi-font-family:="" mso-fareast-font-family:="" mso-fareast-language:="" new="" roman="" serif="" style="font-size: 7.5pt;" times=""> </span><span c00000="" color:="" en-in="" mso-bidi-font-family:="" mso-fareast-font-family:="" mso-fareast-language:="" new="" roman="" serif="" style="font-family: "; font-size: 7.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;" times=""> </span><span style="color: #c00000; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 7.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-IN;">Krishna (r. 207–189 BCE), ruled 18 years.</span><span style="color: #c00000; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-IN;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="color: #c00000; font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 7.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-IN;">§</span><span c00000="" color:="" en-in="" mso-bidi-font-family:="" mso-fareast-font-family:="" mso-fareast-language:="" new="" roman="" serif="" style="font-size: 7.5pt;" times=""> </span><span c00000="" color:="" en-in="" mso-bidi-font-family:="" mso-fareast-font-family:="" mso-fareast-language:="" new="" roman="" serif="" style="font-family: "; font-size: 7.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;" times=""> </span><span style="color: #c00000; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 7.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-IN;"><span style="color: #c00000; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Sri Mallakarni</span> (or Sri Satakarni) (r.
189–179 BCE), ruled 10 years.</span><span style="color: #c00000; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-IN;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="color: #c00000; font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 7.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-IN;">§</span><span c00000="" color:="" en-in="" mso-bidi-font-family:="" mso-fareast-font-family:="" mso-fareast-language:="" new="" roman="" serif="" style="font-size: 7.5pt;" times=""> </span><span c00000="" color:="" en-in="" mso-bidi-font-family:="" mso-fareast-font-family:="" mso-fareast-language:="" new="" roman="" serif="" style="font-family: "; font-size: 7.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;" times=""> </span><span style="color: #c00000; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 7.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-IN;"><span style="color: #c00000; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Purnotsanga</span> (r. 179–161 BCE), ruled 18
years</span><span style="color: #c00000; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-IN;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="color: #c00000; font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 7.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-IN;">§</span><span c00000="" color:="" en-in="" mso-bidi-font-family:="" mso-fareast-font-family:="" mso-fareast-language:="" new="" roman="" serif="" style="font-size: 7.5pt;" times=""> </span><span c00000="" color:="" en-in="" mso-bidi-font-family:="" mso-fareast-font-family:="" mso-fareast-language:="" new="" roman="" serif="" style="font-family: "; font-size: 7.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;" times=""> </span><span style="color: #c00000; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 7.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-IN;"><span style="color: #c00000; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Skandhastambhi</span> (r. 161–143 BCE), ruled
18 years</span><span style="color: #c00000; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-IN;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="color: #c00000; font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 7.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-IN;">§</span><span c00000="" color:="" en-in="" mso-bidi-font-family:="" mso-fareast-font-family:="" mso-fareast-language:="" new="" roman="" serif="" style="font-size: 7.5pt;" times=""> </span><span c00000="" color:="" en-in="" mso-bidi-font-family:="" mso-fareast-font-family:="" mso-fareast-language:="" new="" roman="" serif="" style="font-family: "; font-size: 7.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;" times=""> </span><span style="color: #c00000; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 7.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-IN;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Satakarni" title="Satakarni"><span style="color: #c00000; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Sātakarnī</span></a> I
(r. 143–87 BCE), ruled 56 years</span><span style="color: #c00000; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-IN;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="color: #c00000; font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 7.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-IN;"><br /></span></span>
<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="color: #c00000; font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 7.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-IN;"><br /></span></span>
<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="color: #c00000; font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 7.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-IN;"><br /></span></span>
<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="color: #c00000; font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 7.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-IN;"><br /></span></span>
<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="color: #c00000; font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 7.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-IN;"><br /></span></span>
<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="color: #c00000; font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 7.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-IN;"><br /></span></span>
<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="color: #c00000; font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 7.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-IN;"><br /></span></span>
<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="color: #c00000; font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 7.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-IN;"><br /></span></span>
<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="color: #c00000; font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 7.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-IN;">§</span><span c00000="" color:="" en-in="" mso-bidi-font-family:="" mso-fareast-font-family:="" mso-fareast-language:="" new="" roman="" serif="" style="font-size: 7.5pt;" times=""> </span><span c00000="" color:="" en-in="" mso-bidi-font-family:="" mso-fareast-font-family:="" mso-fareast-language:="" new="" roman="" serif="" style="font-family: "; font-size: 7.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;" times=""> </span><span style="color: #c00000; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 7.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-IN;">Lambodara, ruled 18 years.(r. 87–67 BCE)</span><span style="color: #c00000; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-IN;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 14.3pt; margin-bottom: 6.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="color: #c00000; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 7.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-IN;">Probably as vassals of <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kanva_dynasty" title="Kanva dynasty"><span style="color: #c00000; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Kanva dynasty</span></a> (75–35
BCE):</span><span style="color: #c00000; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-IN;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="color: #c00000; font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 7.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-IN;">§</span><span c00000="" color:="" en-in="" mso-bidi-font-family:="" mso-fareast-font-family:="" mso-fareast-language:="" new="" roman="" serif="" style="font-size: 7.5pt;" times=""> </span><span c00000="" color:="" en-in="" mso-bidi-font-family:="" mso-fareast-font-family:="" mso-fareast-language:="" new="" roman="" serif="" style="font-family: "; font-size: 7.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;" times=""> </span><span style="color: #c00000; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 7.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-IN;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apilaka" title="Apilaka"><span style="color: #c00000; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Apilaka</span></a>, ruled 12
years.</span><span style="color: #c00000; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-IN;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="color: #c00000; font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 7.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-IN;">§</span><span c00000="" color:="" en-in="" mso-bidi-font-family:="" mso-fareast-font-family:="" mso-fareast-language:="" new="" roman="" serif="" style="font-size: 7.5pt;" times=""> </span><span c00000="" color:="" en-in="" mso-bidi-font-family:="" mso-fareast-font-family:="" mso-fareast-language:="" new="" roman="" serif="" style="font-family: "; font-size: 7.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;" times=""> </span><span style="color: #c00000; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 7.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-IN;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Meghasvati&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Meghasvati (page does not exist)"><span style="color: #c00000; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Meghasvati</span></a> (or Saudasa), ruled 18
years.</span><span style="color: #c00000; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-IN;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="color: #c00000; font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 7.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-IN;">§</span><span c00000="" color:="" en-in="" mso-bidi-font-family:="" mso-fareast-font-family:="" mso-fareast-language:="" new="" roman="" serif="" style="font-size: 7.5pt;" times=""> </span><span c00000="" color:="" en-in="" mso-bidi-font-family:="" mso-fareast-font-family:="" mso-fareast-language:="" new="" roman="" serif="" style="font-family: "; font-size: 7.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;" times=""> </span><span style="color: #c00000; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 7.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-IN;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Svati" title="Svati"><span style="color: #c00000; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Svati</span></a> (or
Svami), ruled 18 years.</span><span style="color: #c00000; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-IN;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="color: #c00000; font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 7.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-IN;">§</span><span c00000="" color:="" en-in="" mso-bidi-font-family:="" mso-fareast-font-family:="" mso-fareast-language:="" new="" roman="" serif="" style="font-size: 7.5pt;" times=""> </span><span c00000="" color:="" en-in="" mso-bidi-font-family:="" mso-fareast-font-family:="" mso-fareast-language:="" new="" roman="" serif="" style="font-family: "; font-size: 7.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;" times=""> </span><span style="color: #c00000; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 7.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-IN;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Skandasvati&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Skandasvati (page does not exist)"><span style="color: #c00000; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Skandasvati</span></a>, ruled 7 years.</span><span style="color: #c00000; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-IN;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="color: #c00000; font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 7.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-IN;">§</span><span c00000="" color:="" en-in="" mso-bidi-font-family:="" mso-fareast-font-family:="" mso-fareast-language:="" new="" roman="" serif="" style="font-size: 7.5pt;" times=""> </span><span c00000="" color:="" en-in="" mso-bidi-font-family:="" mso-fareast-font-family:="" mso-fareast-language:="" new="" roman="" serif="" style="font-family: "; font-size: 7.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;" times=""> </span><span style="color: #c00000; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 7.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-IN;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mahendra_Satakarni&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Mahendra Satakarni (page does not exist)"><span style="color: #c00000; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Mahendra Satakarni</span></a> (or Mrgendra
Svatikarna, Satakarni II), ruled 8 years.</span><span style="color: #c00000; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-IN;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="color: #c00000; font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 7.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-IN;">§</span><span c00000="" color:="" en-in="" mso-bidi-font-family:="" mso-fareast-font-family:="" mso-fareast-language:="" new="" roman="" serif="" style="font-size: 7.5pt;" times=""> </span><span c00000="" color:="" en-in="" mso-bidi-font-family:="" mso-fareast-font-family:="" mso-fareast-language:="" new="" roman="" serif="" style="font-family: "; font-size: 7.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;" times=""> </span><span style="color: #c00000; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 7.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-IN;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Kuntala_Satakarni&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Kuntala Satakarni (page does not exist)"><span style="color: #c00000; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Kuntala Satakarni</span></a> (or Kuntala
Svatikarna), ruled 8 years.</span><span style="color: #c00000; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-IN;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="color: #c00000; font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 7.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-IN;">§</span><span c00000="" color:="" en-in="" mso-bidi-font-family:="" mso-fareast-font-family:="" mso-fareast-language:="" new="" roman="" serif="" style="font-size: 7.5pt;" times=""> </span><span c00000="" color:="" en-in="" mso-bidi-font-family:="" mso-fareast-font-family:="" mso-fareast-language:="" new="" roman="" serif="" style="font-family: "; font-size: 7.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;" times=""> </span><span style="color: #c00000; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 7.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-IN;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Svatikarna&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Svatikarna (page does not exist)"><span style="color: #c00000; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Svatikarna</span></a>, ruled 1 year.</span><span style="color: #c00000; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-IN;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="color: #c00000; font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 7.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-IN;">§</span><span c00000="" color:="" en-in="" mso-bidi-font-family:="" mso-fareast-font-family:="" mso-fareast-language:="" new="" roman="" serif="" style="font-size: 7.5pt;" times=""> </span><span c00000="" color:="" en-in="" mso-bidi-font-family:="" mso-fareast-font-family:="" mso-fareast-language:="" new="" roman="" serif="" style="font-family: "; font-size: 7.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;" times=""> </span><span style="color: #c00000; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 7.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-IN;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Pulomavi&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Pulomavi (page does not exist)"><span style="color: #c00000; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Pulomavi</span></a> (or Patumavi), ruled 36 years. ?41 BCE</span><span style="color: #c00000; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-IN;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="color: #c00000; font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 7.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-IN;"><br /></span></span>
<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="color: #c00000; font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 7.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-IN;"><br /></span></span>
<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="color: #c00000; font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 7.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-IN;"><br /></span></span>
<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="color: #c00000; font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 7.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-IN;"><br /></span></span>
<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="color: #c00000; font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 7.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-IN;">§</span><span c00000="" color:="" en-in="" mso-bidi-font-family:="" mso-fareast-font-family:="" mso-fareast-language:="" new="" roman="" serif="" style="font-size: 7.5pt;" times=""> </span><span c00000="" color:="" en-in="" mso-bidi-font-family:="" mso-fareast-font-family:="" mso-fareast-language:="" new="" roman="" serif="" style="font-family: "; font-size: 7.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;" times=""> </span><span style="color: #c00000; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 7.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-IN;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Riktavarna&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Riktavarna (page does not exist)"><span style="color: #c00000; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Riktavarna</span></a> (or Aristakarman), ruled 25
years.</span><span style="color: #c00000; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-IN;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="color: #c00000; font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 7.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-IN;"><br /></span></span>
<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="color: #c00000; font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 7.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-IN;"><br /></span></span>
<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="color: #c00000; font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 7.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-IN;">§</span><span c00000="" color:="" en-in="" mso-bidi-font-family:="" mso-fareast-font-family:="" mso-fareast-language:="" new="" roman="" serif="" style="font-size: 7.5pt;" times=""> </span><span c00000="" color:="" en-in="" mso-bidi-font-family:="" mso-fareast-font-family:="" mso-fareast-language:="" new="" roman="" serif="" style="font-family: "; font-size: 7.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;" times=""> </span><span style="color: #c00000; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 7.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-IN;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/H%C4%81la" title="Hāla"><span style="color: #c00000; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Hāla</span></a> (r.
20–24 CE), author of the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Gathasaptasati&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Gathasaptasati (page does not exist)"><span style="color: #c00000; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Gathasaptasati</span></a>, an Indian literature
classic, ruled 5 years.</span><span style="color: #c00000; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-IN;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="color: #c00000; font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 7.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-IN;">§</span><span c00000="" color:="" en-in="" mso-bidi-font-family:="" mso-fareast-font-family:="" mso-fareast-language:="" new="" roman="" serif="" style="font-size: 7.5pt;" times=""> </span><span c00000="" color:="" en-in="" mso-bidi-font-family:="" mso-fareast-font-family:="" mso-fareast-language:="" new="" roman="" serif="" style="font-family: "; font-size: 7.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;" times=""> </span><span style="color: #c00000; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 7.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-IN;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mandalaka&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Mandalaka (page does not exist)"><span style="color: #c00000; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Mandalaka</span></a> (or Bhavaka, Puttalaka), ruled 5
years.</span><span style="color: #c00000; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-IN;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="color: #c00000; font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 7.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-IN;">§</span><span c00000="" color:="" en-in="" mso-bidi-font-family:="" mso-fareast-font-family:="" mso-fareast-language:="" new="" roman="" serif="" style="font-size: 7.5pt;" times=""> </span><span c00000="" color:="" en-in="" mso-bidi-font-family:="" mso-fareast-font-family:="" mso-fareast-language:="" new="" roman="" serif="" style="font-family: "; font-size: 7.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;" times=""> </span><span style="color: #c00000; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 7.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-IN;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Purindrasena&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Purindrasena (page does not exist)"><span style="color: #c00000; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Purindrasena</span></a>, ruled 5 years.</span><span style="color: #c00000; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-IN;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="color: #c00000; font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 7.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-IN;">§</span><span c00000="" color:="" en-in="" mso-bidi-font-family:="" mso-fareast-font-family:="" mso-fareast-language:="" new="" roman="" serif="" style="font-size: 7.5pt;" times=""> </span><span c00000="" color:="" en-in="" mso-bidi-font-family:="" mso-fareast-font-family:="" mso-fareast-language:="" new="" roman="" serif="" style="font-family: "; font-size: 7.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;" times=""> </span><span style="color: #c00000; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 7.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-IN;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sundara_Satakarni&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Sundara Satakarni (page does not exist)"><span style="color: #c00000; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Sundara Satakarni</span></a>, ruled 1 year.</span><span style="color: #c00000; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-IN;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="color: #c00000; font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 7.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-IN;">§</span><span c00000="" color:="" en-in="" mso-bidi-font-family:="" mso-fareast-font-family:="" mso-fareast-language:="" new="" roman="" serif="" style="font-size: 7.5pt;" times=""> </span><span c00000="" color:="" en-in="" mso-bidi-font-family:="" mso-fareast-font-family:="" mso-fareast-language:="" new="" roman="" serif="" style="font-family: "; font-size: 7.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;" times=""> </span><span style="color: #c00000; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 7.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-IN;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Cakora_Satakarni&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Cakora Satakarni (page does not exist)"><span style="color: #c00000; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Cakora Satakarni</span></a> (or Cakora
Svatikarna), ruled 6 months.</span><span style="color: #c00000; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-IN;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="color: #c00000; font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 7.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-IN;">§</span><span c00000="" color:="" en-in="" mso-bidi-font-family:="" mso-fareast-font-family:="" mso-fareast-language:="" new="" roman="" serif="" style="font-size: 7.5pt;" times=""> </span><span c00000="" color:="" en-in="" mso-bidi-font-family:="" mso-fareast-font-family:="" mso-fareast-language:="" new="" roman="" serif="" style="font-family: "; font-size: 7.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;" times=""> </span><span style="color: #c00000; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 7.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-IN;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sivasvati&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Sivasvati (page does not exist)"><span style="color: #c00000; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Sivasvati</span></a>, ruled 28 years.</span><span style="color: #c00000; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-IN;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="color: #c00000; font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 7.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-IN;">§</span><span c00000="" color:="" en-in="" mso-bidi-font-family:="" mso-fareast-font-family:="" mso-fareast-language:="" new="" roman="" serif="" style="font-size: 7.5pt;" times=""> </span><span c00000="" color:="" en-in="" mso-bidi-font-family:="" mso-fareast-font-family:="" mso-fareast-language:="" new="" roman="" serif="" style="font-family: "; font-size: 7.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;" times=""> </span><span style="color: #c00000; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 7.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-IN;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gautamiputra_Satkarni" title="Gautamiputra Satkarni"><span style="color: #c00000; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Gautamiputra Sātakarni</span></a>, or Gautamiputra, popularly
known as <i>Shalivahan</i> (r. 78 CE–102 CE), ruled 21 years.</span><span style="color: #c00000; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-IN;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="color: #c00000; font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 7.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-IN;">§</span><span c00000="" color:="" en-in="" mso-bidi-font-family:="" mso-fareast-font-family:="" mso-fareast-language:="" new="" roman="" serif="" style="font-size: 7.5pt;" times=""> </span><span c00000="" color:="" en-in="" mso-bidi-font-family:="" mso-fareast-font-family:="" mso-fareast-language:="" new="" roman="" serif="" style="font-family: "; font-size: 7.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;" times=""> </span><span style="color: #c00000; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 7.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-IN;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vasisthiputra_Sri_Pulamavi" title="Vasisthiputra Sri Pulamavi"><span style="color: #c00000; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Vasisthiputra Sri Pulamavi</span></a>, or Puloma, Puliman
(r.102 CE–130 CE), ruled 28 years.</span><span style="color: #c00000; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-IN;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="color: #c00000; font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 7.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-IN;"><br /></span></span>
<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="color: #c00000; font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 7.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-IN;"><br /></span></span>
<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="color: #c00000; font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 7.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-IN;"><br /></span></span>
<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="color: #c00000; font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 7.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-IN;"><br /></span></span>
<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="color: #c00000; font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 7.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-IN;"><br /></span></span>
<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="color: #c00000; font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 7.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-IN;"><br /></span></span>
<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="color: #c00000; font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 7.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-IN;"><br /></span></span>
<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="color: #c00000; font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 7.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-IN;"><br /></span></span>
<span style="color: #c00000; font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 7.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-IN;">§</span><span c00000="" color:="" en-in="" mso-bidi-font-family:="" mso-fareast-font-family:="" mso-fareast-language:="" new="" roman="" serif="" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 7.5pt;" times=""> </span><span c00000="" color:="" en-in="" mso-bidi-font-family:="" mso-fareast-font-family:="" mso-fareast-language:="" new="" roman="" serif="" style="font-family: "; font-size: 7.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;" times=""> </span><span style="color: #c00000; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 7.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-IN;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vashishtiputra_S%C4%81takarni" title="Vashishtiputra Sātakarni"><span style="color: #c00000; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Vashishtiputra Sātakarni</span></a> (r. 130–160), or
Shiva Sri, Sivasri, ruled 7 years.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="color: #c00000; font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 7.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-IN;">§</span><span c00000="" color:="" en-in="" mso-bidi-font-family:="" mso-fareast-font-family:="" mso-fareast-language:="" new="" roman="" serif="" style="font-size: 7.5pt;" times=""> </span><span c00000="" color:="" en-in="" mso-bidi-font-family:="" mso-fareast-font-family:="" mso-fareast-language:="" new="" roman="" serif="" style="font-family: "; font-size: 7.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;" times=""> </span><span style="color: #c00000; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 7.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-IN;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shivaskanda_Satakarni" title="Shivaskanda Satakarni"><span style="color: #c00000; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Shivaskanda Satakarni</span></a>, (157–159), ruled 7 years.</span><span style="color: #c00000; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-IN;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="color: #c00000; font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 7.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-IN;">§</span><span c00000="" color:="" en-in="" mso-bidi-font-family:="" mso-fareast-font-family:="" mso-fareast-language:="" new="" roman="" serif="" style="font-size: 7.5pt;" times=""> </span><span c00000="" color:="" en-in="" mso-bidi-font-family:="" mso-fareast-font-family:="" mso-fareast-language:="" new="" roman="" serif="" style="font-family: "; font-size: 7.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;" times=""> </span><span style="color: #c00000; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 7.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-IN;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yajna_Sri_Satakarni" title="Yajna Sri Satakarni"><span style="color: #c00000; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Yajna Sri Satakarni</span></a>, (r. 167–196 CE), ruled 29
years.</span><span style="color: #c00000; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-IN;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="color: #c00000; font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 7.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-IN;">§</span><span c00000="" color:="" en-in="" mso-bidi-font-family:="" mso-fareast-font-family:="" mso-fareast-language:="" new="" roman="" serif="" style="font-size: 7.5pt;" times=""> </span><span c00000="" color:="" en-in="" mso-bidi-font-family:="" mso-fareast-font-family:="" mso-fareast-language:="" new="" roman="" serif="" style="font-family: "; font-size: 7.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;" times=""> </span><span style="color: #c00000; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 7.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-IN;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Vijaya_(Satavahana)&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Vijaya (Satavahana) (page does not exist)"><span style="color: #c00000; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Vijaya</span></a>, ruled 6 years.</span><span style="color: #c00000; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-IN;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="color: #c00000; font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 7.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-IN;">§</span><span c00000="" color:="" en-in="" mso-bidi-font-family:="" mso-fareast-font-family:="" mso-fareast-language:="" new="" roman="" serif="" style="font-size: 7.5pt;" times=""> </span><span c00000="" color:="" en-in="" mso-bidi-font-family:="" mso-fareast-font-family:="" mso-fareast-language:="" new="" roman="" serif="" style="font-family: "; font-size: 7.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;" times=""> </span><span style="color: #c00000; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 7.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-IN;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Canda_Sri_Satakarni&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Canda Sri Satakarni (page does not exist)"><span style="color: #c00000; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Canda Sri Satakarni</span></a>, ruled 10 years.</span><span style="color: #c00000; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-IN;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="color: #c00000; font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 7.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-IN;">§</span><span c00000="" color:="" en-in="" mso-bidi-font-family:="" mso-fareast-font-family:="" mso-fareast-language:="" new="" roman="" serif="" style="font-size: 7.5pt;" times=""> </span><span c00000="" color:="" en-in="" mso-bidi-font-family:="" mso-fareast-font-family:="" mso-fareast-language:="" new="" roman="" serif="" style="font-family: "; font-size: 7.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;" times=""> </span><span style="color: #c00000; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 7.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-IN;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Pulomavi_IV&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Pulomavi IV (page does not exist)"><span style="color: #c00000; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Pulomavi IV</span></a>, 7 years.</span><span style="color: #c00000; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-IN;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="color: #c00000; font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 7.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-IN;">§</span><span c00000="" color:="" en-in="" mso-bidi-font-family:="" mso-fareast-font-family:="" mso-fareast-language:="" new="" roman="" serif="" style="font-size: 7.5pt;" times=""> </span><span c00000="" color:="" en-in="" mso-bidi-font-family:="" mso-fareast-font-family:="" mso-fareast-language:="" new="" roman="" serif="" style="font-family: "; font-size: 7.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;" times=""> </span><span style="color: #c00000; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 7.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-IN;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Madhariputra_Svami_Sakasena&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Madhariputra Svami Sakasena (page does not exist)"><span style="color: #c00000; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Madhariputra Svami Sakasena</span></a> (r.
c.219 / 190)</span><span style="color: #c00000; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-IN;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm; width: 134.5pt;" valign="top" width="179"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 7.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-IN;"><b>Cholas of</b><i> Cankam-III.iv</i></span></span><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="color: #7030a0; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-IN;"></span></span><br />
<ul>
<li><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="color: #7030a0; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-IN;">Perunar
killi C. 316 BCE</span></span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="color: #7030a0; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-IN;">Kochaet Cenni C. 286 BCE</span></span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="color: #7030a0; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-IN;">Cerupazhi Erinda Ilanjaetcenni, C. 275 BCE</span></span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="color: #7030a0; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-IN;">Nedungop perunkilli C. 220 BCE</span></span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="color: #7030a0; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-IN;">Cenni Ellagan C. 205 BCE</span></span></li>
</ul>
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<ul>
<li><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="color: #7030a0; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-IN;">Perun gilli C. 165 BCE</span></span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="color: #7030a0; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-IN;"><br /></span></span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="color: #7030a0; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-IN;"><br /></span></span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="color: #7030a0; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-IN;">Kopperun jozhiyav ilanjaetcenni C. 140 BCE</span></span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="color: #7030a0; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-IN;">Perunar killi Mudiththalai ko C. 120 BCE</span></span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="color: #7030a0; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-IN;">PerumpootCenni C. 100 BCE</span></span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="color: #7030a0; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-IN;">Ilam perunjenni C. 100 BCE</span></span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="color: #7030a0; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-IN;">Perungilli Vendhi C. 70 BCE</span></span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="color: #7030a0; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-IN;"><br /></span></span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="color: #7030a0; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-IN;"><br /></span></span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="color: #7030a0; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-IN;"><br /></span></span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="color: #7030a0; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-IN;"><br /></span></span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="color: #7030a0; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-IN;"><br /></span></span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="color: #7030a0; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-IN;"><br /></span></span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="color: #7030a0; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-IN;"><br /></span></span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="color: #7030a0; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-IN;"><br /></span></span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="color: #7030a0; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-IN;"><br /></span></span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="color: #7030a0; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-IN;"><br /></span></span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="color: #7030a0; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-IN;"><br /></span></span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="color: #7030a0; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-IN;"><br /></span></span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="color: #7030a0; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-IN;"><br /></span></span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="color: #7030a0; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-IN;"><br /></span></span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="color: #7030a0; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-IN;"><br /></span></span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="color: #7030a0; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-IN;"><br /></span></span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="color: #7030a0; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-IN;"><br /></span></span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><br /></span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><br /></span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><br /></span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><br /></span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><br /></span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><br /></span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><br /></span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">Nedumudi Killi C. 35 BCE</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="color: #7030a0; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-IN;">Ilavanthigaipalli Thunjiya Maei Nalangilli Caet
Cenni, C. 20 BCE</span></span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="color: #7030a0; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-IN;">Aai Vaenalangilli C. 15 BCE</span></span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="color: #7030a0; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-IN;">Uruvapakraer Ilanjaetcenni, C. 10 - 16 CE</span></span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="color: #7030a0; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-IN;">16 CE - 30 CE Kingdom ruled by a series of
Uraiyur chieftains</span></span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="color: #7030a0; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-IN;"><br /></span></span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="color: #7030a0; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-IN;"><br /></span></span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="color: #7030a0; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-IN;"><br /></span></span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="color: #7030a0; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-IN;"><br /></span></span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="color: #7030a0; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-IN;">Karikaalan Peruvalaththaan, C. 31 CE</span></span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="color: #7030a0; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-IN;"><br /></span></span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="color: #7030a0; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-IN;"><br /></span></span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="color: #7030a0; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-IN;"><br /></span></span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="color: #7030a0; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-IN;"><br /></span></span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="color: #7030a0; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-IN;"><br /></span></span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="color: #7030a0; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-IN;"><br /></span></span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="color: #7030a0; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-IN;"><br /></span></span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="color: #7030a0; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-IN;"><br /></span></span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="color: #7030a0; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-IN;"><br /></span></span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="color: #7030a0; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-IN;"><br /></span></span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="color: #7030a0; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-IN;"><br /></span></span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="color: #7030a0; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-IN;"><br /></span></span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="color: #7030a0; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-IN;"><br /></span></span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="color: #7030a0; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-IN;">Vaer paqradakkai Perunar killi, C. 99 CE</span></span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="color: #7030a0; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-IN;">Perun thiru mavalavan, Kuraapalli Thunjiya C. 99
CE</span></span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="color: #7030a0; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-IN;">Nalangilli C. 111 CE</span></span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="color: #7030a0; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-IN;">Perunarkilli, Kula mutrtraththu Thunjiya C. 120
CE</span></span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="color: #7030a0; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-IN;">Perunarkilli, Irasasuya vaetta C. 143 CE</span></span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="color: #7030a0; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-IN;"><br /></span></span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="color: #7030a0; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-IN;"><br /></span></span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="color: #7030a0; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-IN;"><br /></span></span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="color: #7030a0; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-IN;"><br /></span></span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="color: #7030a0; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-IN;">Vael kadunkilli C. 192 CE</span></span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="color: #7030a0; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-IN;"><br /></span></span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="color: #7030a0; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-IN;"><br /></span></span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="color: #7030a0; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-IN;"><br /></span></span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="color: #7030a0; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-IN;"><br /></span></span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="color: #7030a0; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-IN;"><br /></span></span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="color: #7030a0; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-IN;"><br /></span></span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="color: #7030a0; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-IN;"><br /></span></span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="color: #7030a0; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-IN;"><br /></span></span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="color: #7030a0; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-IN;"><br /></span></span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="color: #7030a0; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-IN;">Kochenganaan C. 220 CE</span></span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="color: #7030a0; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-IN;">Nalluruththiran C. 245 CE</span></span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="color: #7030a0; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-IN;">KALABHRAS</span></span></li>
</ul>
<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="color: #7030a0; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-IN;">
</span></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
</div>
</div>
Senthilkumarhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/13568132368013187258noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-194677254669823957.post-2875633742094358322015-08-07T06:17:00.003-07:002015-08-10T02:09:46.174-07:00Indian kingdoms <div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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<article class="clear post-36536 post type-post status-publish format-standard hentry category-hinduism tag-harappan-civilization tag-hinduism tag-indian-empires tag-indian-history tag-indus-valley-civilization tag-kanchipuram tag-maurya-dynasty tag-megalith tag-sanatana-dharma tag-sarasvathi-valley" id="post-36536" style="border-bottom-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.0980392); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; padding: 34px 0px 0px;"><div class="entry-wrap wrap clear" style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px auto; max-width: 264px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
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<table class="vertical-navbox nowraplinks plainlist" style="background-color: white; border-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.0980392); border-spacing: 0px; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 0px 0px 1px; color: black; font-family: Georgia, Times, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 18px; line-height: 25.5px; margin: 0px 0px 34px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; width: 263px;"><tbody style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<tr style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><td style="border-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.0980392); border-style: solid; border-width: 0px 1px 1px 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 8px 8px 9px; vertical-align: baseline;"><div class="NavFrame collapsed" style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<div class="NavContent" style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<table style="border-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.0980392); border-spacing: 0px; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 0px 0px 1px; font-family: inherit; font-size: 18px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 34px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; width: 245px;"><tbody style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<tr style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><td style="border-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.0980392); border-style: solid; border-width: 0px 1px 1px 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 8px 8px 9px; vertical-align: baseline;">Indus Valley Civilization</td><td style="border-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.0980392); border-style: solid; border-width: 0px 1px 1px 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 8px 8px 9px; vertical-align: baseline;">(3300–1700 BC)</td></tr>
<tr style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><td style="border-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.0980392); border-style: solid; border-width: 0px 1px 1px 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 8px 8px 9px; vertical-align: baseline;"> – Early Harappan Culture</td><td style="border-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.0980392); border-style: solid; border-width: 0px 1px 1px 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 8px 8px 9px; vertical-align: baseline;">(3300–2600 BC)</td></tr>
<tr style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><td style="border-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.0980392); border-style: solid; border-width: 0px 1px 1px 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 8px 8px 9px; vertical-align: baseline;"> – Mature Harappan Culture</td><td style="border-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.0980392); border-style: solid; border-width: 0px 1px 1px 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 8px 8px 9px; vertical-align: baseline;">(2600–1900 BC)</td></tr>
<tr style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><td style="border-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.0980392); border-style: solid; border-width: 0px 1px 1px 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 8px 8px 9px; vertical-align: baseline;">Ochre Coloured Pottery culture</td><td style="border-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.0980392); border-style: solid; border-width: 0px 1px 1px 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 8px 8px 9px; vertical-align: baseline;">(from 2000 BC)</td></tr>
<tr style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><td style="border-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.0980392); border-style: solid; border-width: 0px 1px 1px 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 8px 8px 9px; vertical-align: baseline;">Vedic period</td><td style="border-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.0980392); border-style: solid; border-width: 0px 1px 1px 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 8px 8px 9px; vertical-align: baseline;">(1750–1200 BC)</td></tr>
<tr style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><td style="border-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.0980392); border-style: solid; border-width: 0px 1px 1px 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 8px 8px 9px; vertical-align: baseline;"> – Late Harappan Culture</td><td style="border-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.0980392); border-style: solid; border-width: 0px 1px 1px 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 8px 8px 9px; vertical-align: baseline;">(1700–1300 BC)</td></tr>
<tr style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><td style="border-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.0980392); border-style: solid; border-width: 0px 1px 1px 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 8px 8px 9px; vertical-align: baseline;">Swat culture</td><td style="border-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.0980392); border-style: solid; border-width: 0px 1px 1px 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 8px 8px 9px; vertical-align: baseline;">(1600–500 BC)</td></tr>
<tr style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><td style="border-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.0980392); border-style: solid; border-width: 0px 1px 1px 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 8px 8px 9px; vertical-align: baseline;"> – Black and Red ware culture</td><td style="border-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.0980392); border-style: solid; border-width: 0px 1px 1px 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 8px 8px 9px; vertical-align: baseline;">(1300–1200 BC)</td></tr>
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<tr style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><td style="border-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.0980392); border-style: solid; border-width: 0px 1px 1px 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 8px 8px 9px; vertical-align: baseline;"><div class="NavFrame collapsed" style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<div class="NavHead" style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
Iron Age (1200–230 BC)</div>
<div class="NavContent" style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<table style="border-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.0980392); border-spacing: 0px; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 0px 0px 1px; font-family: inherit; font-size: 18px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 34px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; width: 245px;"><tbody style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<tr style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><td style="border-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.0980392); border-style: solid; border-width: 0px 1px 1px 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 8px 8px 9px; vertical-align: baseline;">Vedic period</td><td style="border-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.0980392); border-style: solid; border-width: 0px 1px 1px 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 8px 8px 9px; vertical-align: baseline;">(1200–500 BC)</td></tr>
<tr style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><td style="border-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.0980392); border-style: solid; border-width: 0px 1px 1px 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 8px 8px 9px; vertical-align: baseline;"> – Black and Red ware culture</td><td style="border-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.0980392); border-style: solid; border-width: 0px 1px 1px 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 8px 8px 9px; vertical-align: baseline;">(1200–1000 BC)</td></tr>
<tr style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><td style="border-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.0980392); border-style: solid; border-width: 0px 1px 1px 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 8px 8px 9px; vertical-align: baseline;"> – Painted Grey Ware culture</td><td style="border-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.0980392); border-style: solid; border-width: 0px 1px 1px 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 8px 8px 9px; vertical-align: baseline;">(1200–600 BC)</td></tr>
<tr style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><td style="border-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.0980392); border-style: solid; border-width: 0px 1px 1px 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 8px 8px 9px; vertical-align: baseline;"> – Janapadas</td><td style="border-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.0980392); border-style: solid; border-width: 0px 1px 1px 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 8px 8px 9px; vertical-align: baseline;">(1200–600 BC)</td></tr>
<tr style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><td style="border-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.0980392); border-style: solid; border-width: 0px 1px 1px 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 8px 8px 9px; vertical-align: baseline;"> –Northern Black Polished Ware</td><td style="border-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.0980392); border-style: solid; border-width: 0px 1px 1px 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 8px 8px 9px; vertical-align: baseline;">(700–200 BC)</td></tr>
<tr style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><td style="border-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.0980392); border-style: solid; border-width: 0px 1px 1px 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 8px 8px 9px; vertical-align: baseline;">Haryanka Kingdom</td><td style="border-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.0980392); border-style: solid; border-width: 0px 1px 1px 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 8px 8px 9px; vertical-align: baseline;">(684–424 BC)</td></tr>
<tr style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><td style="border-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.0980392); border-style: solid; border-width: 0px 1px 1px 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 8px 8px 9px; vertical-align: baseline;">Maha Janapadas</td><td style="border-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.0980392); border-style: solid; border-width: 0px 1px 1px 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 8px 8px 9px; vertical-align: baseline;">(600–300 BC)</td></tr>
<tr style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><td style="border-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.0980392); border-style: solid; border-width: 0px 1px 1px 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 8px 8px 9px; vertical-align: baseline;">Achaemenid Empire</td><td style="border-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.0980392); border-style: solid; border-width: 0px 1px 1px 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 8px 8px 9px; vertical-align: baseline;">(550–330 BC)</td></tr>
<tr style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><td style="border-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.0980392); border-style: solid; border-width: 0px 1px 1px 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 8px 8px 9px; vertical-align: baseline;">Magadha Kingdom</td><td style="border-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.0980392); border-style: solid; border-width: 0px 1px 1px 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 8px 8px 9px; vertical-align: baseline;">(500–321 BC)</td></tr>
<tr style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><td style="border-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.0980392); border-style: solid; border-width: 0px 1px 1px 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 8px 8px 9px; vertical-align: baseline;">Ror Kingdom</td><td style="border-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.0980392); border-style: solid; border-width: 0px 1px 1px 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 8px 8px 9px; vertical-align: baseline;">(450 BC–489 AD)</td></tr>
<tr style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><td style="border-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.0980392); border-style: solid; border-width: 0px 1px 1px 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 8px 8px 9px; vertical-align: baseline;">Nanda Empire</td><td style="border-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.0980392); border-style: solid; border-width: 0px 1px 1px 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 8px 8px 9px; vertical-align: baseline;">(424–321 BC)</td></tr>
<tr style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><td style="border-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.0980392); border-style: solid; border-width: 0px 1px 1px 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 8px 8px 9px; vertical-align: baseline;">Shishunaga Kingdom</td><td style="border-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.0980392); border-style: solid; border-width: 0px 1px 1px 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 8px 8px 9px; vertical-align: baseline;">(413–345 BC)</td></tr>
<tr style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><td style="border-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.0980392); border-style: solid; border-width: 0px 1px 1px 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 8px 8px 9px; vertical-align: baseline;">Macedonian Empire</td><td style="border-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.0980392); border-style: solid; border-width: 0px 1px 1px 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 8px 8px 9px; vertical-align: baseline;">(330–323 BC)</td></tr>
<tr style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><td style="border-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.0980392); border-style: solid; border-width: 0px 1px 1px 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 8px 8px 9px; vertical-align: baseline;">Maurya Empire</td><td style="border-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.0980392); border-style: solid; border-width: 0px 1px 1px 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 8px 8px 9px; vertical-align: baseline;">(321–184 BC)</td></tr>
<tr style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><td style="border-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.0980392); border-style: solid; border-width: 0px 1px 1px 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 8px 8px 9px; vertical-align: baseline;">Seleucid Empire</td><td style="border-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.0980392); border-style: solid; border-width: 0px 1px 1px 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 8px 8px 9px; vertical-align: baseline;">(312–63 BC)</td></tr>
<tr style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><td style="border-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.0980392); border-style: solid; border-width: 0px 1px 1px 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 8px 8px 9px; vertical-align: baseline;">Pandya Empire</td><td style="border-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.0980392); border-style: solid; border-width: 0px 1px 1px 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 8px 8px 9px; vertical-align: baseline;">(from before [Mahabharata era] before 900 BC–1314 AD)</td></tr>
<tr style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><td style="border-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.0980392); border-style: solid; border-width: 0px 1px 1px 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 8px 8px 9px; vertical-align: baseline;">Chera Kingdom</td><td style="border-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.0980392); border-style: solid; border-width: 0px 1px 1px 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 8px 8px 9px; vertical-align: baseline;">(from before <span style="font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit;">[Mahabharata era] before 9</span><span style="font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit;">00 BC–250 AD, 1248-1314 AD)</span></td></tr>
<tr style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><td style="border-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.0980392); border-style: solid; border-width: 0px 1px 1px 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 8px 8px 9px; vertical-align: baseline;">Chola Empire</td><td style="border-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.0980392); border-style: solid; border-width: 0px 1px 1px 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 8px 8px 9px; vertical-align: baseline;">(<span style="font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit;">from before </span><span style="font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit;">[Ramayana era] before </span><span style="font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit;">1100 BC–1279 AD)</span></td></tr>
<tr style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><td style="border-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.0980392); border-style: solid; border-width: 0px 1px 1px 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 8px 8px 9px; vertical-align: baseline;">Pallava Empire</td><td style="border-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.0980392); border-style: solid; border-width: 0px 1px 1px 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 8px 8px 9px; vertical-align: baseline;">(250 BC–893 AD)</td></tr>
<tr style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><td style="border-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.0980392); border-style: solid; border-width: 0px 1px 1px 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 8px 8px 9px; vertical-align: baseline;">Maha-Megha-Vahana Empire</td><td style="border-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.0980392); border-style: solid; border-width: 0px 1px 1px 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 8px 8px 9px; vertical-align: baseline;">(250 BC–400 AD)</td></tr>
<tr style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><td style="border-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.0980392); border-style: solid; border-width: 0px 1px 1px 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 8px 8px 9px; vertical-align: baseline;">Parthian Empire</td><td style="border-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.0980392); border-style: solid; border-width: 0px 1px 1px 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 8px 8px 9px; vertical-align: baseline;">(247 BC–224 AD)<br />
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<span style="font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit;">Classical period (230 BC–1279 </span></div>
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<table style="background-color: white; border-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.0980392); border-spacing: 0px; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 0px 0px 1px; color: black; font-family: Georgia, Times, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 18px; line-height: 25.5px; margin: 0px 0px 34px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; width: 245px;"><tbody style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<tr style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><td style="border-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.0980392); border-style: solid; border-width: 0px 1px 1px 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 8px 8px 9px; vertical-align: baseline;">Satavahana Empire</td><td style="border-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.0980392); border-style: solid; border-width: 0px 1px 1px 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 8px 8px 9px; vertical-align: baseline;">(230–220 BC)</td></tr>
<tr style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><td style="border-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.0980392); border-style: solid; border-width: 0px 1px 1px 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 8px 8px 9px; vertical-align: baseline;">Kuninda Kingdom</td><td style="border-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.0980392); border-style: solid; border-width: 0px 1px 1px 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 8px 8px 9px; vertical-align: baseline;">(200 BC–300 AD)</td></tr>
<tr style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><td style="border-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.0980392); border-style: solid; border-width: 0px 1px 1px 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 8px 8px 9px; vertical-align: baseline;">Indo-Scythian Kingdom</td><td style="border-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.0980392); border-style: solid; border-width: 0px 1px 1px 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 8px 8px 9px; vertical-align: baseline;">(200 BC–400 AD)</td></tr>
<tr style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><td style="border-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.0980392); border-style: solid; border-width: 0px 1px 1px 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 8px 8px 9px; vertical-align: baseline;">Shunga Empire</td><td style="border-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.0980392); border-style: solid; border-width: 0px 1px 1px 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 8px 8px 9px; vertical-align: baseline;">(185–73 BC)</td></tr>
<tr style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><td style="border-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.0980392); border-style: solid; border-width: 0px 1px 1px 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 8px 8px 9px; vertical-align: baseline;">Indo-Greek Kingdom</td><td style="border-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.0980392); border-style: solid; border-width: 0px 1px 1px 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 8px 8px 9px; vertical-align: baseline;">(180 BC–10 AD)</td></tr>
<tr style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><td style="border-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.0980392); border-style: solid; border-width: 0px 1px 1px 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 8px 8px 9px; vertical-align: baseline;">Kanva Empire</td><td style="border-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.0980392); border-style: solid; border-width: 0px 1px 1px 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 8px 8px 9px; vertical-align: baseline;">(75–26 BC)</td></tr>
<tr style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><td style="border-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.0980392); border-style: solid; border-width: 0px 1px 1px 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 8px 8px 9px; vertical-align: baseline;">Indo-Parthian Kingdom</td><td style="border-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.0980392); border-style: solid; border-width: 0px 1px 1px 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 8px 8px 9px; vertical-align: baseline;">(21–130s AD)</td></tr>
<tr style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><td style="border-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.0980392); border-style: solid; border-width: 0px 1px 1px 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 8px 8px 9px; vertical-align: baseline;">Western Satrap Empire</td><td style="border-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.0980392); border-style: solid; border-width: 0px 1px 1px 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 8px 8px 9px; vertical-align: baseline;">(35–405 AD)</td></tr>
<tr style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><td style="border-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.0980392); border-style: solid; border-width: 0px 1px 1px 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 8px 8px 9px; vertical-align: baseline;">Kushan Empire</td><td style="border-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.0980392); border-style: solid; border-width: 0px 1px 1px 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 8px 8px 9px; vertical-align: baseline;">(60 BC–240 AD)</td></tr>
<tr style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><td style="border-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.0980392); border-style: solid; border-width: 0px 1px 1px 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 8px 8px 9px; vertical-align: baseline;">Bharshiva Dynasty</td><td style="border-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.0980392); border-style: solid; border-width: 0px 1px 1px 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 8px 8px 9px; vertical-align: baseline;">(170–350 AD)</td></tr>
<tr style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><td style="border-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.0980392); border-style: solid; border-width: 0px 1px 1px 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 8px 8px 9px; vertical-align: baseline;">Nagas of Padmavati</td><td style="border-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.0980392); border-style: solid; border-width: 0px 1px 1px 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 8px 8px 9px; vertical-align: baseline;">(210–340 AD)</td></tr>
<tr style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><td style="border-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.0980392); border-style: solid; border-width: 0px 1px 1px 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 8px 8px 9px; vertical-align: baseline;">Sasanian Empire</td><td style="border-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.0980392); border-style: solid; border-width: 0px 1px 1px 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 8px 8px 9px; vertical-align: baseline;">(224–651 AD)</td></tr>
<tr style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><td style="border-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.0980392); border-style: solid; border-width: 0px 1px 1px 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 8px 8px 9px; vertical-align: baseline;">Indo-Sassanid Kingdom</td><td style="border-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.0980392); border-style: solid; border-width: 0px 1px 1px 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 8px 8px 9px; vertical-align: baseline;">(230–360 AD)</td></tr>
<tr style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><td style="border-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.0980392); border-style: solid; border-width: 0px 1px 1px 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 8px 8px 9px; vertical-align: baseline;">Vakataka Empire</td><td style="border-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.0980392); border-style: solid; border-width: 0px 1px 1px 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 8px 8px 9px; vertical-align: baseline;">(250s–500s AD)</td></tr>
<tr style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><td style="border-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.0980392); border-style: solid; border-width: 0px 1px 1px 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 8px 8px 9px; vertical-align: baseline;">Kalabhras Empire</td><td style="border-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.0980392); border-style: solid; border-width: 0px 1px 1px 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 8px 8px 9px; vertical-align: baseline;">(250–600 AD)</td></tr>
<tr style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><td style="border-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.0980392); border-style: solid; border-width: 0px 1px 1px 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 8px 8px 9px; vertical-align: baseline;">Gupta Empire</td><td style="border-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.0980392); border-style: solid; border-width: 0px 1px 1px 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 8px 8px 9px; vertical-align: baseline;">(280–550 AD)</td></tr>
<tr style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><td style="border-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.0980392); border-style: solid; border-width: 0px 1px 1px 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 8px 8px 9px; vertical-align: baseline;">Kadamba Empire</td><td style="border-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.0980392); border-style: solid; border-width: 0px 1px 1px 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 8px 8px 9px; vertical-align: baseline;">(345–525 AD)</td></tr>
<tr style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><td style="border-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.0980392); border-style: solid; border-width: 0px 1px 1px 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 8px 8px 9px; vertical-align: baseline;">Western Ganga Kingdom</td><td style="border-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.0980392); border-style: solid; border-width: 0px 1px 1px 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 8px 8px 9px; vertical-align: baseline;">(350–1000 AD)</td></tr>
<tr style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><td style="border-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.0980392); border-style: solid; border-width: 0px 1px 1px 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 8px 8px 9px; vertical-align: baseline;">Kamarupa Kingdom</td><td style="border-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.0980392); border-style: solid; border-width: 0px 1px 1px 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 8px 8px 9px; vertical-align: baseline;">(350–1100 AD)</td></tr>
<tr style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><td style="border-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.0980392); border-style: solid; border-width: 0px 1px 1px 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 8px 8px 9px; vertical-align: baseline;">Vishnukundina Empire</td><td style="border-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.0980392); border-style: solid; border-width: 0px 1px 1px 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 8px 8px 9px; vertical-align: baseline;">(420–624 AD)</td></tr>
<tr style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><td style="border-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.0980392); border-style: solid; border-width: 0px 1px 1px 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 8px 8px 9px; vertical-align: baseline;">Maitraka Empire</td><td style="border-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.0980392); border-style: solid; border-width: 0px 1px 1px 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 8px 8px 9px; vertical-align: baseline;">(475–767 AD)</td></tr>
<tr style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><td style="border-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.0980392); border-style: solid; border-width: 0px 1px 1px 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 8px 8px 9px; vertical-align: baseline;">Huna Kingdom</td><td style="border-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.0980392); border-style: solid; border-width: 0px 1px 1px 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 8px 8px 9px; vertical-align: baseline;">(475–576 AD)</td></tr>
<tr style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><td style="border-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.0980392); border-style: solid; border-width: 0px 1px 1px 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 8px 8px 9px; vertical-align: baseline;">Rai Kingdom</td><td style="border-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.0980392); border-style: solid; border-width: 0px 1px 1px 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 8px 8px 9px; vertical-align: baseline;">(489–632 AD)</td></tr>
<tr style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><td style="border-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.0980392); border-style: solid; border-width: 0px 1px 1px 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 8px 8px 9px; vertical-align: baseline;">Shahi Empire</td><td style="border-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.0980392); border-style: solid; border-width: 0px 1px 1px 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 8px 8px 9px; vertical-align: baseline;">(500s–1026 AD)</td></tr>
<tr style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><td style="border-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.0980392); border-style: solid; border-width: 0px 1px 1px 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 8px 8px 9px; vertical-align: baseline;">Chalukya Empire</td><td style="border-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.0980392); border-style: solid; border-width: 0px 1px 1px 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 8px 8px 9px; vertical-align: baseline;">(543–753 AD)</td></tr>
<tr style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><td style="border-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.0980392); border-style: solid; border-width: 0px 1px 1px 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 8px 8px 9px; vertical-align: baseline;">Maukhari Empire</td><td style="border-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.0980392); border-style: solid; border-width: 0px 1px 1px 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 8px 8px 9px; vertical-align: baseline;">(550s–700s AD)</td></tr>
<tr style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><td style="border-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.0980392); border-style: solid; border-width: 0px 1px 1px 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 8px 8px 9px; vertical-align: baseline;">Harsha Empire</td><td style="border-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.0980392); border-style: solid; border-width: 0px 1px 1px 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 8px 8px 9px; vertical-align: baseline;">(606–647 AD)</td></tr>
<tr style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><td style="border-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.0980392); border-style: solid; border-width: 0px 1px 1px 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 8px 8px 9px; vertical-align: baseline;">Tibetan Empire</td><td style="border-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.0980392); border-style: solid; border-width: 0px 1px 1px 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 8px 8px 9px; vertical-align: baseline;">(618–841 AD)</td></tr>
<tr style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><td style="border-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.0980392); border-style: solid; border-width: 0px 1px 1px 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 8px 8px 9px; vertical-align: baseline;">Eastern Chalukya Kingdom</td><td style="border-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.0980392); border-style: solid; border-width: 0px 1px 1px 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 8px 8px 9px; vertical-align: baseline;">(624–1075 AD)</td></tr>
<tr style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><td style="border-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.0980392); border-style: solid; border-width: 0px 1px 1px 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 8px 8px 9px; vertical-align: baseline;">Rashidun Caliphate</td><td style="border-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.0980392); border-style: solid; border-width: 0px 1px 1px 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 8px 8px 9px; vertical-align: baseline;">(632–661 AD)</td></tr>
<tr style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><td style="border-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.0980392); border-style: solid; border-width: 0px 1px 1px 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 8px 8px 9px; vertical-align: baseline;">Gurjara-Pratihara Empire</td><td style="border-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.0980392); border-style: solid; border-width: 0px 1px 1px 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 8px 8px 9px; vertical-align: baseline;">(650–1036 AD)</td></tr>
<tr style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><td style="border-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.0980392); border-style: solid; border-width: 0px 1px 1px 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 8px 8px 9px; vertical-align: baseline;">Umayyad Caliphate</td><td style="border-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.0980392); border-style: solid; border-width: 0px 1px 1px 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 8px 8px 9px; vertical-align: baseline;">(661–750 AD)</td></tr>
<tr style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><td style="border-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.0980392); border-style: solid; border-width: 0px 1px 1px 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 8px 8px 9px; vertical-align: baseline;">Pala Empire</td><td style="border-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.0980392); border-style: solid; border-width: 0px 1px 1px 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 8px 8px 9px; vertical-align: baseline;">(750–1174 AD)</td></tr>
<tr style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><td style="border-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.0980392); border-style: solid; border-width: 0px 1px 1px 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 8px 8px 9px; vertical-align: baseline;">Rashtrakuta Empire</td><td style="border-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.0980392); border-style: solid; border-width: 0px 1px 1px 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 8px 8px 9px; vertical-align: baseline;">(753–982 AD)</td></tr>
<tr style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><td style="border-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.0980392); border-style: solid; border-width: 0px 1px 1px 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 8px 8px 9px; vertical-align: baseline;">Paramara Kingdom</td><td style="border-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.0980392); border-style: solid; border-width: 0px 1px 1px 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 8px 8px 9px; vertical-align: baseline;">(800–1327 AD)</td></tr>
<tr style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><td style="border-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.0980392); border-style: solid; border-width: 0px 1px 1px 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 8px 8px 9px; vertical-align: baseline;">Yadava Empire</td><td style="border-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.0980392); border-style: solid; border-width: 0px 1px 1px 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 8px 8px 9px; vertical-align: baseline;">(850–1334 AD)</td></tr>
<tr style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><td style="border-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.0980392); border-style: solid; border-width: 0px 1px 1px 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 8px 8px 9px; vertical-align: baseline;">Solanki Kingdom</td><td style="border-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.0980392); border-style: solid; border-width: 0px 1px 1px 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 8px 8px 9px; vertical-align: baseline;">(942–1244 AD)</td></tr>
<tr style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><td style="border-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.0980392); border-style: solid; border-width: 0px 1px 1px 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 8px 8px 9px; vertical-align: baseline;">Western Chalukya Empire</td><td style="border-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.0980392); border-style: solid; border-width: 0px 1px 1px 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 8px 8px 9px; vertical-align: baseline;">(973–1189 AD)</td></tr>
<tr style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><td style="border-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.0980392); border-style: solid; border-width: 0px 1px 1px 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 8px 8px 9px; vertical-align: baseline;">Lohara Kingdom</td><td style="border-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.0980392); border-style: solid; border-width: 0px 1px 1px 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 8px 8px 9px; vertical-align: baseline;">(1003–1320 AD)</td></tr>
<tr style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><td style="border-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.0980392); border-style: solid; border-width: 0px 1px 1px 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 8px 8px 9px; vertical-align: baseline;">Hoysala Empire</td><td style="border-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.0980392); border-style: solid; border-width: 0px 1px 1px 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 8px 8px 9px; vertical-align: baseline;">(1040–1346 AD)</td></tr>
<tr style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><td style="border-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.0980392); border-style: solid; border-width: 0px 1px 1px 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 8px 8px 9px; vertical-align: baseline;">Sena Empire</td><td style="border-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.0980392); border-style: solid; border-width: 0px 1px 1px 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 8px 8px 9px; vertical-align: baseline;">(1070–1230 AD)</td></tr>
<tr style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><td style="border-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.0980392); border-style: solid; border-width: 0px 1px 1px 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 8px 8px 9px; vertical-align: baseline;">Eastern Ganga Empire</td><td style="border-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.0980392); border-style: solid; border-width: 0px 1px 1px 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 8px 8px 9px; vertical-align: baseline;">(1078–1434 AD)</td></tr>
<tr style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><td style="border-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.0980392); border-style: solid; border-width: 0px 1px 1px 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 8px 8px 9px; vertical-align: baseline;">Kakatiya Kingdom</td><td style="border-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.0980392); border-style: solid; border-width: 0px 1px 1px 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 8px 8px 9px; vertical-align: baseline;">(1083–1323 AD)</td></tr>
<tr style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><td style="border-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.0980392); border-style: solid; border-width: 0px 1px 1px 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 8px 8px 9px; vertical-align: baseline;">Kalachuri Empire</td><td style="border-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.0980392); border-style: solid; border-width: 0px 1px 1px 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 8px 8px 9px; vertical-align: baseline;">(1130–1184 AD)</td></tr>
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Senthilkumarhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/13568132368013187258noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-194677254669823957.post-1484347129998524752015-07-31T07:05:00.001-07:002015-08-23T03:40:33.668-07:00Great Tamil scholars of past 500 years: <div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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<ul style="text-align: left;">
<li><b style="background-color: white; font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">Kalamega pulavar (?1430-?1500) </b></li>
<li><b style="background-color: white; font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">Muthu Thandavar (1525 - 1600 CE) </b></li>
<li><b style="background-color: white; font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">Thirikoodarasappa kavirayar (?1540-?1590) </b></li>
<li><b style="background-color: white; font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">Arunachala Kavi (Tamil:அருணாசல கவி) (1711–1779) </b></li>
<li><b style="background-color: white; font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">Marimutthu Pillai (1712 - 1787 CE) </b></li>
<li><b style="background-color: white; font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">Muttukumara Kavirajar (1780–1851) </b></li>
<li><b style="background-color: white; font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">Mahavidhvan Meenakshisundaram Pillai. (1815-1876) </b></li>
<li><b style="background-color: white;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif; font-size: x-small;"><span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: 0px; color: #252525; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, 'Nimbus Sans L', Arial, 'Liberation Sans', sans-serif; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 26.3999996185303px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Arumuka Navalar</span><span style="color: #252525; line-height: 26.3999996185303px;"> (</span><a href="https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tamil_language" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: 0px; color: #5a3696; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, 'Nimbus Sans L', Arial, 'Liberation Sans', sans-serif; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 26.3999996185303px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;" title="Tamil language">Tamil</a><span style="color: #252525; line-height: 26.3999996185303px;">: </span><span lang="ta" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: 0px; color: #252525; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, 'Nimbus Sans L', Arial, 'Liberation Sans', sans-serif; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 26.3999996185303px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;" xml:lang="ta">ஆறுமுக நாவலர்</span><span style="color: #252525; line-height: 26.3999996185303px;">, </span><i style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: 0px; color: #252525; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, 'Nimbus Sans L', Arial, 'Liberation Sans', sans-serif; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 26.3999996185303px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span class="Unicode" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">ārumuka nāvalar</span></i><span style="color: #252525; line-height: 26.3999996185303px;"> </span><span style="color: #252525; line-height: 26.3999996185303px;"> 18 December 1822 – 5 December 1879) </span></span></b></li>
<li><b style="background-color: white; font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">Arutprakasa Vallalar Chidambaram Ramalingam (5 October 1823 – disappeared on 30 January 1874) </b></li>
<li><b style="background-color: white; font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">C.W. Thamotharampillai (Tamil: சி. வை. தாமோதரம் பிள்ளை) (?1840-1894) </b></li>
<li><b style="background-color: white; font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">U. V. Swaminatha Iyer(Uttamadhanapuram Venkatasubbaiyer Swaminatha Iyer), 1855–1942. </b></li>
<li><b style="background-color: white;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="background: none rgb(255, 255, 255); border: 0px; color: #252525; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, 'Nimbus Sans L', Arial, 'Liberation Sans', sans-serif; font-size: xx-small; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 26.3999996185303px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Parithimar Kalaignar</span><span style="color: #252525; font-size: x-small; line-height: 26.3999996185303px;"> (born V.G. Surya Narayana Shastri, </span><span style="color: #252525; font-size: x-small; line-height: 26.3999996185303px;">Vilacheri near </span><span style="font-size: xx-small;">Thirupparankundram</span><span style="font-size: x-small;">, August</span><span style="color: #252525; font-size: x-small; line-height: 26.3999996185303px;"> 11, 1870</span><span style="color: #252525; font-size: 29px;"> </span><span style="color: #252525; font-size: x-small; line-height: 26.3999996185303px;">- d. November 2, 1903) </span></span></b></li>
<li><b style="background-color: white; font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">Nagapattinam Cokkanata Pillai makan Maraimalai Adigal (15 July 1876 – 15 September 1950) </b></li>
<li><b style="background-color: white; font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">Valliappan Olaganathan Chidambaram Pillai (1872–1936) V.O.C. (Vaa. Oo.Ce) Kappalottiya Tamilan. </b></li>
<li><b style="background-color: white; font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">Chinnaswami Subramania Bharatiyar(11 December 1882 – 11 September 1921) </b></li>
<li><b style="background-color: white; font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">Thiruvarur Viruttachala Kalyanasundaram (1883 – September 17, 1953), </b></li>
<li><b style="background-color: white; font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">Kanakasubburathinam (Tamil:பாரதிதாசன்; 29 April 1891 – 21 April 1964), Bharathidasan) </b></li>
<li><b style="background-color: white; font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">Ki. Aa. Pe. Viswanatham (KiAaPe) (1899-1994) </b></li>
<li><b style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif; font-size: small;"><span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: 0px; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 26.3999996185303px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Mozhi-jnyaayiru Devaneya Pavanar</span><span style="line-height: 26.3999996185303px;"> (</span><span lang="ta" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: 0px; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 26.3999996185303px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;" xml:lang="ta">ஞா. தேவநேயப் பாவாணர்</span><span style="line-height: 26.3999996185303px;">; </span><span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: 0px; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 26.3999996185303px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Ñanamuttan Tevaneyan, </span><span style="line-height: 26.3999996185303px;">1902–1981) </span></b></li>
<li><b style="background-color: white; font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif; font-size: small;"><span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: 0px; color: #252525; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, 'Nimbus Sans L', Arial, 'Liberation Sans', sans-serif; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 26.3999996185303px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Mu. Varadarajan</span><span style="color: #252525; line-height: 26.3999996185303px;"> (</span><a href="https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tamil_language" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: 0px; color: #5a3696; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, 'Nimbus Sans L', Arial, 'Liberation Sans', sans-serif; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 26.3999996185303px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;" title="Tamil language">Tamil</a><span style="color: #252525; line-height: 26.3999996185303px;">: </span><span lang="ta" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: 0px; color: #252525; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, 'Nimbus Sans L', Arial, 'Liberation Sans', sans-serif; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 26.3999996185303px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;" xml:lang="ta">மு. வரதராசன்</span><span style="color: #252525; line-height: 26.3999996185303px;">; 25 April 1912 – 10 October 1974) </span></b></li>
<li><b style="background-color: white; color: #252525; font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">R.Mathivaanan. </b></li>
<li><b style="color: #252525; font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">Ma. Nannan..</b></li>
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Senthilkumarhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/13568132368013187258noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-194677254669823957.post-78929668302773669992015-05-14T08:31:00.001-07:002015-05-14T08:31:06.190-07:00Tamil Etymology: Meaning of TAMIL/THAMIZH *****<a href="http://tamil-etymology.blogspot.com/2014/06/meaning-of-tamil.html?spref=bl">Tamil Etymology: Meaning of TAMIL/THAMIZH *****</a>: 1. kumizh =ku+mizh =short+sound =short pop sound of a bubble --> a bubble 2. thimizh/thimiru =thinn+mizh =hard+sound =hard talk = arrog...Senthilkumarhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/13568132368013187258noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-194677254669823957.post-79532580587566795062015-05-14T07:33:00.002-07:002015-05-14T08:19:56.256-07:00Tamil population in the South Central and Central India in the first century CE:<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
<br style="background-color: white; color: #666666; font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', Trebuchet, Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 20.5919990539551px;" />
<span style="background-color: white; color: #666666; font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', Trebuchet, Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 20.5919990539551px;">Gautamiputra Satakarni (78-106 CE) Satavahana king</span><br />
Tamil evidence from the<br />
<span style="background-color: white; color: #666666; font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', Trebuchet, Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 20.5919990539551px;">Coin of Gautamiputra Satakarni aftee his cconquest of Ujjain in 78 CE. The central Indian kingdom of Ujjain and the Satabahana kingdom of those times probably had a Tamil majority population as it finds place in the coinage (post-Ujjain conquest) in par with the inscriptions in Prakrit the language of the rulers.</span><br />
<img src="http://coinindia.com/MAC4962ff-270.30.jpg" /><br />
<span style="background-color: white; color: #666666; font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', Trebuchet, Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 20.5919990539551px;">Obv: King in profile. Prakrit legend "Rano Gotamiputasa Siri Yana Satakarnisa": "In the reign of Gautamiputra Sri Yana Satakarni"</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; color: #666666; font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', Trebuchet, Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 20.5919990539551px;">Rev: Hill with Satavahana symbol, sun and moon. <b>Tamil legend "Arasanaku gotami putaku Siru Yana Satakanako"</b>.</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; color: #666666; font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', Trebuchet, Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 20.5919990539551px;"><br /></span>
<span style="background-color: white; color: #666666; font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', Trebuchet, Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 20.5919990539551px;">Eventually Gautamiputra (Sri Yagna) Sātakarni (also known as Shalivahan) (r. 78-106 CE) defeated the Western Satrap ruler Nahapana, restoring the prestige of his dynasty by reconquering a large part of the former dominions of the Sātavāhanas. He was an ardent supporter of Hinduism.</span><br />
<br style="background-color: white; color: #666666; font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', Trebuchet, Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 20.5919990539551px;" />
<span style="background-color: white; color: #666666; font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', Trebuchet, Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 20.5919990539551px;">Gautamiputra Satakarni may also have defeated Shaka king Vikramaditya (the fabled one) in 78 AD and started the calendar known as Shalivahana era or Shaka era, which is followed by the currently Marathi and Telugu people of the region, and is the Indian National Calendar.</span><br />
<br style="background-color: white; color: #666666; font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', Trebuchet, Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 20.5919990539551px;" />
<span style="background-color: white; color: #666666; font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', Trebuchet, Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 20.5919990539551px;">Gautamiputra Sātakarni's son, Vashishtiputra Pulumāyi (r. 106-130 CE), succeeded him. Gautamiputra was the first Sātavāhana king to issue the portrait-type coinage, in a style derived from the Western Satraps.</span><br />
<br />
<img src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/5/56/Satavahana_Bilingual_Coin.jpg" /><br />
<br style="background-color: white; color: #666666; font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', Trebuchet, Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 20.5919990539551px;" />
<span style="background-color: white; color: #666666; font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', Trebuchet, Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 20.5919990539551px;">Silver coin of king Vashishtiputra Sātakarni (c. 160 CE).</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; color: #666666; font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', Trebuchet, Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 20.5919990539551px;">Obv: Bust of king. Prakrit legend in the Brahmi script: "Siri Satakanisa Rano ... Vasithiputasa": "King Vasishtiputra Sri Satakarni"</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; color: #666666; font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', Trebuchet, Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 20.5919990539551px;">Rev: Ujjain/Sātavāhana symbol left. Crescented six-arch chaitya hill right. River below. <b>Tamil</b></span><span style="background-color: white; color: #666666; font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', Trebuchet, Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 20.5919990539551px;"><b> legend in the Brahmi script: "Arasanaku Vasitti makanaku Tiru Satakaniko"</b> - rendered as classical Tamil to "The ruler, Vasitti's son, Highness Satakani" -ko being the royal name suffix</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; color: #666666; font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', Trebuchet, Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 20.5919990539551px;"><br /></span>
<span style="background-color: white; color: #666666; font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', Trebuchet, Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 20.5919990539551px;">Gautamiputra's brother, Vashishtiputra Sātakarni, married the daughter of Rudradaman I of the Western Satraps dynasty.</span></div>
Senthilkumarhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/13568132368013187258noreply@blogger.com4tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-194677254669823957.post-33522384591420036782015-05-03T10:46:00.002-07:002016-01-29T03:28:51.666-08:00THE GLORIOUS TAMIL KALABHRAS and THE FIRST REPUBLICS in ancient India <div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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<span style="background-color: white;"><span style="color: #274e13;"><b>THE FIRST PEASANT REVOLUTION of the World: South India c.240 CE -the rise of the commons: </b><b><span style="font-family: inherit;">THE KALABHRAS REPUBLICS:</span></b></span></span></div>
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<li><span style="color: #e06666; font-family: inherit; line-height: 16px; text-align: justify;"><b style="background-color: white;">MYTH : Kalabhras were "vaduga-karunadaththavar" as noted in Periyapuraanam and Saivite literature and copperplates of 10th-12th cent. CE. </b></span></li>
<li><span style="color: #274e13; font-family: inherit; line-height: 16px; text-align: justify;"><b style="background-color: white;">TRUTH: These literary mentions were a solid 500-700 years past the end of Kalabhras period (250-550 CE). They were just mentions of misquotes of dreaded legends. Kalabhras were fearsome to the Sanatana Hindus (Brahmins), but friendly to the native followers of the Ancient Tamil Sivanerri, the religion of the masses. They had forbidden the northern Sanatana rituals. </b></span></li>
<li><span style="background-color: white;"><span style="color: #274e13;"><span style="font-family: inherit; line-height: 16px; text-align: justify;"><b>Regarding the names "VADUGA" and "KARUNADU": Vaduga in Tamil denotes "those of the northern boundaries" which are the regions south of the river Krishna and north of the river Tunghabhadra, including Guntur, Kurnool, Raichur, Koppal, Hospet, and Panjim (Goa). Except Panjim which was probably the Paazhi naadu which is an ancient Tamil kingdom in tussle with the Cheras in the Cankam ages even from around 250 BCE, all the above regions on the southern banks of Krishna, were occupied by Tamil tribals who were illiterates, less civilized, predominantly hunters, robbers, and never formed a kingdom anytime in their history. </b></span><b style="font-family: inherit; line-height: 16px; text-align: justify;">Kalabhras were called as barbarians by the brahmins and the brahmin-supporting Tamil kings, solely because of the Kalabhras' anti-Vedic preferences, hence the use of the term VADUGA to denote them as barbaric sects. </b></span></span></li>
<li><b style="background-color: white; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: #274e13;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="line-height: 16px;">KARUNADU is nothing but the alternate name for the ancient Tamil country of ERUMAIYUR lying south of Kudagu (Coorg), and to the north of Thoatti malai (Doddabetta, Ooty). Erumaiyur kings were well documented in the Cankam literature from before 300 BCE. Erumaiyur is the current Mysore, the </span></span><span style="line-height: 16px;">colloquially used name for</span><span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="line-height: 16px;"> (Eru)Maiyur. Mai denotes black(or Karu), and Ur denotes place(or nadu), hence Mysore or Erumaiyur and Karunadu or Karnataka both denote the same region. As seen below one of the seven prime instigators of the Kalabhras revolts was the chieftain of Erumaiyur Aai Viyankoe. Hence partly true in the later mentions is that atleast one of the seven prime Tamil Kalabhra chiefs was a "Karunadagan" from the Tamil country of Erumaiyur.</span></span></span></b></li>
<li><b style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="line-height: 16px;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #274e13;">One other important perspective is that the British called the Tamil Nadu in the 1700's as "the Carnatic" region (as evidenced in their historical maps of Eaßt India Company) most probably owing to the dark complexion of the Tamil masses.</span></span></span></b></li>
<li><b style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #274e13; line-height: 16px;">The ancient kingdoms in the present Karnataka state were the Tamil countries of Kadamba (Uttar Kannad and Hubli), Paazhi (Goa), Erumaiyur (Mysore), Kuttuva nadu (Kodagu), etc. The natives of Karnataka are historically and genotypically Tamils -offshoots of ancient Tamils, and spoke Tamil until the early medieval period, when offshoots of Pallavas and the frequent encroaches of the foreign Chalukyas (of Kolhapur, Badami, and Kalyani present Maharashtra) and Rashtrakutas, brought isolation and metamorphosis of the Tamil population there into a different culture and language -Kannada.</span></span></b></li>
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<li><span style="font-family: inherit; line-height: 16px; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="background-color: white; color: #cc0000;">MYTH: <b>They were barbaarians who brought in the dark ages in ancient Tamil countries.</b></span></b></span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: inherit; line-height: 16px; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="background-color: white; color: #274e13;">TRUTH: The Kalabhras age was no less in richness and literature than the Cankam or the later religious renaissance ages.</span></b></span></li>
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<li style="text-align: justify;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #274e13;"><b>Religion of the masses during Kalabhra era: </b>The popular and the state religion was predominantly the ancient Tamil Saivitism (தமிழ்ச் சிவநெறி) from Porunai and Indus ages, in the Pagan mode. The alien Sanskritic practice of Sanatana and the influence of the refugee/immigrant brahmins and their odd rituals were kept to a bare minimum. Secularism was in vogue, and Ajivika, Buddhist and Jain monks were free to practice their modes of worshipping God -<i>Naasthika -"any mode of worship other than the six old north Indian Vedic Aasthikas." </i></span></li>
<li style="text-align: justify;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #274e13;"><b>Literature in Tamil</b> from this era include most of the Eighteen of the Next Row -<i>Pathinennkeezhkanakku</i> anthologies, the last three of the Five Great Epics -<i>Aimperungaapiyangal </i>and the Five Small Epics <i>-Ainjirrukaappiyangal.</i></span></li>
<li style="text-align: justify;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #274e13;">The first few of <b>Nayanmars and Azhwars</b> were supposed to hail from this era, and some enjoyed the patronage of the heads of these Kalappara states. <b>Most importantly few of the earliest Naayanmaars were some of the Kalabhra chiefs themselves, like Meipporulh Naayanaar and Sundarar.</b></span></li>
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<li><span style="background-color: white; color: #274e13; font-family: inherit; line-height: 16px; text-align: justify;"><b>Kalabhras or Kalapparar</b> in Tamil, were literally <b><u>common men -"peasants" and "labourers" from the Tamil ethnic community</u></b>. It had been misunderstood that they were outsiders from grossly misinterpreted documentations in Post-Cankam Tamil literature, which just call them as "<b>sects from outside the royal clans</b>".</span></li>
<li><span style="background-color: white; color: #274e13; font-family: inherit; line-height: 16px; text-align: justify;">These sects formed a consortium of <b>"kala-parar"</b> -beginning with widespread successful coups by the "<b>field-toilers</b>" (kalham-field, para/paadu-toil) --the peasants, and the footsoldiers of the infantry in the armies of the three kings the Cholas, Pandyas, and Cheras, dismantling the regimes of these kings.</span></li>
<li><span style="background-color: white; color: #274e13;"><b style="font-family: inherit; line-height: 16px; text-align: justify;">Background:</b><span style="font-family: inherit; line-height: 16px; text-align: justify;"> Towards the end of 2nd century CE, immigrant Brahmins on the pretext of being Saivites and practicing novel religious rituals such as the Yaagas, Mantras, etc., started claiming and enjoying special status with the kings. </span></span></li>
<li><span style="background-color: white;"><span style="color: #274e13;"><span style="font-family: inherit; line-height: 16px; text-align: justify;">It had bee</span><span style="font-family: inherit; line-height: 16px; text-align: justify;">n documented clearly that whole villages <i style="line-height: 32.1824989318848px;">en bloc</i> were used to be donated<i> </i> by the kings to these Sanskritite scholars, just for the maintenance of rituals in the temples were the brahmins were posted, all carried out on the advice of the latter. </span></span></span></li>
<li><span style="background-color: white; color: #274e13; font-family: inherit; line-height: 16px; text-align: justify;">As a fallout of excessive land allocations and donations to the immigrant Brahmin people, large number of people lost their agricultural lands, farms, livelihood areas and even their residential sites to the incoming sects. </span></li>
<li><span style="background-color: white; color: #274e13; font-family: inherit; line-height: 16px; text-align: justify;">Soon the common people rose up against the emperors, kings and overlords, threw the incumbent rulers who were unconcerned about the plight of the natives off their thrones, and established small city-states governed by elected representatives, with the support of local chieftains. Lost lands were secured back from the brahmins. (Though similar grants to the latter visitors were made again extensively in medieval Chola and Pandya periods).</span></li>
<li><span style="background-color: white; color: #274e13; font-family: inherit; line-height: 16px; text-align: justify;">Principally headed by Thiraiyan of Pavutirai, Milattumalaiyan, Ilankumanan and Aai Viyankoe, the partial rulers-list of Kalabhras include:</span></li>
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<li style="font-family: inherit; text-align: justify;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #274e13; font-family: inherit;">Thiraiyan of Pavuthirai (Thondainadu) c250 CE</span></li>
<li style="text-align: justify;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #274e13; font-family: inherit;">Pulli of Vengadam c250 CE</span></li>
<li><span style="background-color: white; color: #274e13; font-family: inherit; line-height: 16px; text-align: justify;">Kaazhimalaiyan of Miladu c250 CE</span></li>
<li><span style="background-color: white; color: #274e13; font-family: inherit; line-height: 16px; text-align: justify;">Velkezhu Nallikkoen of Thottivettuvam c250 CE</span></li>
<li><span style="background-color: white; color: #274e13; font-family: inherit; line-height: 16px; text-align: justify;">Ilankumanan of Mudhiramalai c250 CE</span></li>
<li><span style="background-color: white; color: #274e13;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="line-height: 16px; text-align: justify;">Idakali of Nadunadu c250 CE</span></span></span></li>
<li><span style="background-color: white; color: #274e13; line-height: 16px; text-align: justify;">Aai Viyankoe of Erumaiyur c250 CE</span></li>
<li style="text-align: justify;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #274e13; font-family: inherit;">Idagazhinan II c325 CE</span></li>
<li style="text-align: justify;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #274e13; font-family: inherit;">...</span></li>
<li style="text-align: justify;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #274e13; font-family: inherit;">Achu-thaavi Karanthan c450-506 CE</span></li>
<li><span style="background-color: white; color: #274e13; font-family: inherit; line-height: 16px; text-align: justify;">Kootran a.k.a Kootruva Nayanar c510 CE</span></li>
<li><span style="background-color: white; color: #274e13; font-family: inherit; line-height: 16px; text-align: justify;">Meyyapporul Nayanar c530 CE</span></li>
<li style="text-align: justify;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #274e13; font-family: inherit;">Cedivallavan c540 CE </span></li>
<li><br /></li>
<li style="text-align: justify;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #274e13; font-family: inherit;">... </span></li>
</ol>
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<li style="text-align: justify;"><i style="background-color: white;"><span style="color: #274e13;">From around 76 CE, the Thondaimaans of Kanchi, who were primarily from Ilanthiraiyan Thondaimaan I born to Karikala Chola and a Naga princess from Eezham(Srilanka) continued to rule as kings even during and after the widespread Kalabhra revolts and coups in Tamilagam, since they had befriended the Kalabhras as they had supported the Kalabhra risings in the south. <b>Pavuthiraiyan Thondaiman III</b> around 240 CE had marital relationships with the Pullis of Venkata Nadu, the Vakatakas, and the erstwhile Satavahanas of the far north. The <b>Satavahanas</b> had patronized both Prakrit and Tamil, Tamil because it was probably the lingua franca of their masses.(Evidenced from Tamil script in the Satavahana coins of 1st and 2nd cent. CE).</span></i></li>
<li style="text-align: justify;"><span style="background-color: white;"><span style="color: #274e13;"><i></i><i>Around 210 CE, the Thondaimaans had unified ten kingdoms - nine smaller neighbour kingdoms like Malli, Poozhi, Aruvaa, Maavilankai, Aamoor, Venkatam, Kanimalai, Kadalmallai and Vaiyavi along with their own Thondainaadu. Hence the unified region was called as <b><u>"the country of ten states" or "Pallava naadu"</u></b> and the rulers<b> "Pallavas"</b>. (Pal and Paththu in Tamil mean <b><u>"a set of ten"</u></b>).</i></span></span></li>
<li style="text-align: justify;"><i style="background-color: white;"><span style="color: #274e13;"><b>The Cholas and the Milaattu Malaiyans</b> were the guardians and army chiefs for the Central and Oriental Kalabhra Republican city states. The Chola princes patronized the republic states and gave up their regal claims for the welfare of their masses, and people lived in peace and wars were unheard of until the resurgence of brahminical influence among the Pandiyan kings, that necessitated yet another cleansing of the Madurai aristocrats. </span></i></li>
<li style="text-align: justify;"><i style="background-color: white;"><span style="color: #274e13;">Seemingly the Kalabhras in the Chola country were not that frequently bothered by the Pallavas due to the cordial relationship with them until Simmavishnu's reign (550 CE). (Mentions of Chola princes and princesses are seen in the documentation of <i>reign and battles of </i>Narasimma Varman and Kochadaiyan Ranadeeran).</span></i></li>
<li style="text-align: justify;"><i><b style="background-color: white;"><span style="color: #274e13;">Starting from around 250 CE until 560 CE, the Kalabhras ruled the city states all over Tamilagam except Kanchi in the northeast. They had replaced the Pandiyas, the Cheras, and the Cholas from the power. </span></b></i></li>
<li style="text-align: justify;"><i><i style="background-color: white;"><span style="color: #274e13;">By 506 CE Cholas were handed over the reins by the Kalabhras when they had to concentrate on Madurai following the sudden demise of Achchu-Thaavi Karanthan the Kalabhra great. <b>Pugazhkkoe Chola</b> took over the Chola country (as per Mahavamsa); he was highly ambitious, he invaded the Cheras defeating Maakkoathai and also sent armies to and conquered Srilanka, and placed five Chola noblemen as governors in North and Central Srilanka who ruled there for the next 27 years. </span></i></i></li>
<li style="text-align: justify;"><i><i style="background-color: white;"><span style="color: #274e13;">By 560 CE, Pandiyas under Kadunkoen II had completely seized the Madurai throne after the Kalabhra ruler of Uraiyur, Miladu and Madurai, Meipporul Naayanaar was murdered by a Pandya prince in the disguise of a Saiva saint.</span></i></i></li>
<li style="text-align: justify;"><i><i style="background-color: white;"><span style="color: #274e13;">Pandya kings' victories over the masses' Kalabhra republics were documented to have been hailed and celebrated by the brahmins in the copperplate inscriptions. </span></i></i></li>
<li style="text-align: justify;"><span style="background-color: white;"><span style="color: #274e13;"><i>From the earliest times until the 8th-9th century CE there were apparently no unequivocal caste based divisions in Tamilagam. The </i><i>Brahmins had started moving close with the Pandiya kings by the early 8th century CE and this seemed to have irritated the Chola chiefs of the central Tamilagam, as the former started dominating the political arena and re-instigated northern Sanatana rituals and the brahmadeya grants - </i><i>the bestowals of commoners' lands to the Sanatanic Sanskritites.</i></span></span></li>
<li style="text-align: justify;"><i style="background-color: white;"><span style="color: #274e13;"> This bias had been the original cause for the uprising of the foot-soldiers and peasants - the "Kalabhras" about 5 centuries ago.</span></i></li>
<li style="text-align: justify;"><span style="background-color: white;"><span style="color: #274e13;"><i>Notwithstanding these discriminations, the Oriental chiefs under the leadership of Chola chieftain <b>Iranhmaya Chola of Pazhaiyaarrai</b>, by 690 - 725 CE had started warring repeatedly with the Pandyas, losing many and winning some battles. Kochadaiyan Ranadeeran seems to have lost his life in one such battle. </i><i>Around 695 CE when the Pallavas threatened with an invasion he had already defeated and killed Iraniya Varman, the Pallava crown-prince, in a battle on the banks of Vellarru, hence this title. </i></span></span></li>
<li style="text-align: justify;"><i style="background-color: white;"><span style="color: #274e13;">The Pandyas captured Uraiyur and Southern frontiers of the Cholas by the start of 9th cent. CE, and placed one of their own dominant sects the Mutharaiyas as heads, and initiated the caste hierarchy in the Chola country as well. Due to continuous warfare with the Pandyas and the immigrant dominant Mutharaiyas, the enemy-plotted communal intrusions and the social instability, the Chola chieftains once again were granted overall kingship over erstwhile Kalabhra regions, to safeguard the ancient Tamil-social structuralism and to ward off the varnas-modelled newly synthesized hierarchy of castes. For the next 80 odd years Cholas fought alongside the Pallavas against the Pandyas, to protect their motherland.</span></i></li>
<li style="text-align: justify;"><i style="background-color: white;"><span style="color: #274e13;">Brahmins had started propagating their varnasrama theories into the royal minds and into the society via the discretions in the advocacy of various religious practices.</span></i></li>
<li style="text-align: justify;"><i style="background-color: white;"><span style="color: #274e13;">As a consequence, the caste and the community systems gradually got rooted down among the overlords who inturn began using these systems as an instrument to extend their domination over the then peasants and downtrodden, and specific sects that were the then dominant ones in each major province had started claiming themselves as of the upper strata community. This has been the unchanged social scene over the past 1300 years in the south and over the past 800 years in the north Tamilakam, till this date.</span></i></li>
<li style="text-align: justify;"><i style="background-color: white;"><span style="color: #274e13;">When in 870 CE, Seermaaran Vallabhan tried to eliminate brahmanical influence from the Pandiyan aristocracy, communal riots were instigated and a distant royal cousin and son of a landlord, seized the Madurai throne as an imposter and crowned himself with the regal title "Varagunan II", after <i style="color: black;"><span style="color: #274e13;">the <i style="color: black;"><span style="color: #274e13;">mysterious</span></i> demise of the king and</span></i> disappearance of the incumbent royal family along with the next-in scions. The Later Pandyas all belong to another usurper the next ruler, who initiated the Mara-Sundara dynasty, who was killed after just twenty years.</span></i></li>
<li style="text-align: justify;"><i style="background-color: white;"><span style="color: #274e13;">The Later Pandyas have the dubious record of abandoning the throne and their country in the early 14th cent. CE, fighting among themselves, letting Malikkafur and the Sultanate into Madurai region, and responsible for creating a power vacuum even long after they were gone, filled in later by the Vijayanagar kings and Nayaks. The current dominant communal sects (of the 20th cent. CE Tamilagam) principally in the south and the east, and also in the central, the west and the north, were the primary reasons for the decline of Tamil supremacy and empires, and handing over of the land to non-native non-Tamil rulers, over the past 700 years. It is to be noted that for many millenia until 700 years ago the integrity and solidarity of Tamilagam had been successfully hailed and maintained by men from those labelled currently the lowest classes in the social hierarchy. (Evidences are overwhelming. There were no records of names of currently dominant sects in Sangam literature. On the contrast there had been umpteen mentions of names of the branded-to-be-lowest social sects. Also the archaic word Pandya has the root word Pallha, denoting people of the plains).</span></i></li>
<li style="text-align: justify;"><i style="background-color: white;"><span style="color: #274e13;">The Vijayanagar-Nayak domination was minimized and delayed by some 225 years <b>till 1530's by the Maavali Vaanhar (Banas) rulers </b>of North Madurai, and <b>Cholaraaya Vaanhar</b> rulers of Tanjore.</span></i></li>
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Senthilkumarhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/13568132368013187258noreply@blogger.com15tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-194677254669823957.post-46907446695808365702015-03-17T10:25:00.000-07:002015-03-17T10:25:02.182-07:00Music in Tamil<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
Music in Tamil (<i>Isaiththamizh</i>) is considered the second of three dimensions in literature, <i>viz. Iyal, Isai, Naadagam.</i><br />
It can be classified as:<br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhEWWRF_O-VWh4CYZBPiqBgvbljtyh-ljXvCJllLJKVSZVoT8b_FRLpDQFMsccO30FpWMgkBNXeE7W9vSqfLVRm_vEC8-cS95oYS26UrVxrw7SwCUunY_yfgNEpoD5IFA1Graxl8yUDOF4/s1600/PicsArt_1426612926599.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhEWWRF_O-VWh4CYZBPiqBgvbljtyh-ljXvCJllLJKVSZVoT8b_FRLpDQFMsccO30FpWMgkBNXeE7W9vSqfLVRm_vEC8-cS95oYS26UrVxrw7SwCUunY_yfgNEpoD5IFA1Graxl8yUDOF4/s1600/PicsArt_1426612926599.jpg" height="240" width="320" /></a></div>
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Senthilkumarhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/13568132368013187258noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-194677254669823957.post-28498750805719074552015-01-21T09:24:00.002-08:002015-01-21T09:24:58.518-08:00Rare 9-10th century CE Sculptures of Tamil religion from Great Cholas era:<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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All photos : Courtesy GovMadras Museum</div>
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Yaali the mythical beast <a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgJOxlzbQjEFw_hvhl0MBfNG2c_vyxh3ZaJBJGlgqY7a7Gu_jeAriml66YeKUkV5KY3zh7AS3wVrhvPX_wPWKYVJGRkncdwABz429Cn82hNmLv_OlTlr64_MO_mftytI57sZZwI8t0jkAw/s1600/IMG_20150111_163619.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgJOxlzbQjEFw_hvhl0MBfNG2c_vyxh3ZaJBJGlgqY7a7Gu_jeAriml66YeKUkV5KY3zh7AS3wVrhvPX_wPWKYVJGRkncdwABz429Cn82hNmLv_OlTlr64_MO_mftytI57sZZwI8t0jkAw/s1600/IMG_20150111_163619.jpg" height="240" width="320" /></a></div>
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The God Sivan<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiE81lPHQAN221HRw97Gze8Qb7HdrehQvAZvaBpgh468clpZUYFd6EEA5D-0Xtixp1Pw4qONX7aq3PkWQ0Qv0GnFI1W9v68i1adTmXc6TZwggZ5Uh-w1dww9E5kQWAxZpA-x-cabqM6Abc/s1600/IMG_20150111_163457.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiE81lPHQAN221HRw97Gze8Qb7HdrehQvAZvaBpgh468clpZUYFd6EEA5D-0Xtixp1Pw4qONX7aq3PkWQ0Qv0GnFI1W9v68i1adTmXc6TZwggZ5Uh-w1dww9E5kQWAxZpA-x-cabqM6Abc/s1600/IMG_20150111_163457.jpg" height="320" width="240" /></a></div>
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The Cosmic Dance of Sivan<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEius5UyfKzflqn7HWQTjQM2AawUU84ogT4mFS7JgeIkiyiS1BWJJm3_gs-C3n7eaj8wtvSLrQvrOzsCPCT8lGBYx43m7Bg7ubymw6DhFCI-IdmpNSkgOF8BR-zWiUs2cDpu6eCGNuSxSSc/s1600/IMG_20150111_150059.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEius5UyfKzflqn7HWQTjQM2AawUU84ogT4mFS7JgeIkiyiS1BWJJm3_gs-C3n7eaj8wtvSLrQvrOzsCPCT8lGBYx43m7Bg7ubymw6DhFCI-IdmpNSkgOF8BR-zWiUs2cDpu6eCGNuSxSSc/s1600/IMG_20150111_150059.jpg" height="320" width="240" /></a></div>
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Goddess Uma/Aiyai/Kotravai<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhPL6O199D_J-hg3JzFLE4wtYj17Pjd_6gnAfKWPbqd4DEP4kUFYM-Ot2z37RbW3DGyVkZgPneCFigVJS3clpfJobZvM-nVnifDWXQlTwVV_R3JBitmWJgL9jHXViJlX3BqjL46Q1yvbn4/s1600/IMG_20150111_144508.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhPL6O199D_J-hg3JzFLE4wtYj17Pjd_6gnAfKWPbqd4DEP4kUFYM-Ot2z37RbW3DGyVkZgPneCFigVJS3clpfJobZvM-nVnifDWXQlTwVV_R3JBitmWJgL9jHXViJlX3BqjL46Q1yvbn4/s1600/IMG_20150111_144508.jpg" height="320" width="240" /></a></div>
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Maanpari Kaavalan- Sivan<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhrjogPJDTmvf7W72DnpH6Hx7qgHPR7ZtFqJoBMzNZ1geZO6wXSVAhjt5zvfjy807f5hgRk1ae78d4MvExQcgXO1Xwu-cR-VcXFGS01uKxFI4M8vhtB2MFjinCYvSvlhsYrBeEM8yOLKbk/s1600/IMG_20150111_144404.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhrjogPJDTmvf7W72DnpH6Hx7qgHPR7ZtFqJoBMzNZ1geZO6wXSVAhjt5zvfjy807f5hgRk1ae78d4MvExQcgXO1Xwu-cR-VcXFGS01uKxFI4M8vhtB2MFjinCYvSvlhsYrBeEM8yOLKbk/s1600/IMG_20150111_144404.jpg" height="320" width="240" /></a></div>
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Aiyanaar/Saaththan/Murugan<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiI47UiYD5Fr8NknLpSK0u0Ean14hpreIKl_omE8jCr3jYEfPy7tD6gksFZKX9PSViztYd5Cb9LZx8msZRucZxfacmQ67m77ieywhhL4E18mTIAOL849laTFuqDOwJxY_sESvTWP-SmIUU/s1600/IMG_20150111_144313.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiI47UiYD5Fr8NknLpSK0u0Ean14hpreIKl_omE8jCr3jYEfPy7tD6gksFZKX9PSViztYd5Cb9LZx8msZRucZxfacmQ67m77ieywhhL4E18mTIAOL849laTFuqDOwJxY_sESvTWP-SmIUU/s1600/IMG_20150111_144313.jpg" height="320" width="240" /></a></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgVr_evQu20WS-co8V1qcF5WoPRy3HQwFIH3Weror_-JOb6qmvWSYnTOUMsSXh1ytdwDZHVD09uKfVaDM7j3CSTJg3EVhIqYeeWZuUH2GAc8iiA0peZAmnapaV3npPwel_5ylu82pqhsrM/s1600/IMG_20150111_144231.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgVr_evQu20WS-co8V1qcF5WoPRy3HQwFIH3Weror_-JOb6qmvWSYnTOUMsSXh1ytdwDZHVD09uKfVaDM7j3CSTJg3EVhIqYeeWZuUH2GAc8iiA0peZAmnapaV3npPwel_5ylu82pqhsrM/s1600/IMG_20150111_144231.jpg" height="320" width="240" /></a></div>
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The Cosmic dance of Sivan/Natarajar<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjm5jLKTrjsXOD3oLq1W3fnehN45559rXWOhegbiZ7IN3_84SqwTs-yTtriLkUWFHiXYqg6PIsdp-lRnHShvmp4W0V-Con1Zr9QRK8eky3lcNyS6HdS1VDs6QVrRgNygGIQB7PTwVRgAXg/s1600/IMG_20150111_143314.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjm5jLKTrjsXOD3oLq1W3fnehN45559rXWOhegbiZ7IN3_84SqwTs-yTtriLkUWFHiXYqg6PIsdp-lRnHShvmp4W0V-Con1Zr9QRK8eky3lcNyS6HdS1VDs6QVrRgNygGIQB7PTwVRgAXg/s1600/IMG_20150111_143314.jpg" height="240" width="320" /></a></div>
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Senthilkumarhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/13568132368013187258noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-194677254669823957.post-66149923551545393592014-12-04T14:00:00.001-08:002015-07-31T06:58:50.377-07:00Great Tamil Scholars: Iyal-Isai-Naadagam:<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
<span style="background-color: white; color: blue; font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><br /></span><span style="background-color: white; color: blue; font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif; line-height: 39.1749992370606px;">Prominent Tamil Scholars:::1600-2000ce</span><br />
<br />
<span style="background-color: white; color: blue; font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="line-height: 39.1749992370606px;">1400/1800</span></span><br />
<ul style="text-align: left;">
<li><span style="line-height: 39.1749992370606px;"><span style="background-color: white; color: blue; font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif; line-height: 39.1749992370606px;"><b>Thirikooda Rasappa Kavirayar</b></span></span></li>
<li><span style="line-height: 39.1749992370606px;"><span style="background-color: white; color: blue; font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif; line-height: 39.1749992370606px;"><b>Kaalamega Pulavar-Maambazhathu Kavirayar</b></span></span></li>
<li><span style="line-height: 39.1749992370606px;"><span style="background-color: white; color: blue; font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif; line-height: 39.1749992370606px;"><b>Veeramamunivar</b></span></span></li>
</ul>
<div>
<span style="color: blue; font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="line-height: 43.7699966430664px;"><b>1830's</b></span></span></div>
<ul style="text-align: left;">
<li><span style="line-height: 39.1749992370606px;"><span style="background-color: white; color: blue; font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif; line-height: 39.1749992370606px;"><b>Vadalur Ramalinga Adigalaar</b></span></span></li>
</ul>
<div>
<span style="color: blue; font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="line-height: 43.7699966430664px;"><b>1850's</b></span></span></div>
<ul style="text-align: left;">
<li><span style="line-height: 39.1749992370606px;"><span style="background-color: white; color: blue; font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif; line-height: 39.1749992370606px;">Palani Dandapani Swamigal</span></span></li>
</ul>
<div>
<span style="color: blue; font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="line-height: 43.7699966430664px;">1860's</span></span></div>
<ul style="text-align: left;">
<li><span style="background-color: white; color: blue; font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif; line-height: 39.1749992370606px;"><span style="line-height: 39.1749992370606px;">“Ramayana Pulavar” </span><span style="line-height: 39.1749992370606px;">Damodaran Pillai</span><span style="line-height: 39.1749992370606px;"> </span></span></li>
</ul>
<div>
<span style="color: blue; font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="line-height: 43.7699966430664px;">1870's</span></span></div>
<ul style="text-align: left;">
<li><span style="line-height: 39.1749992370606px;"><span style="background-color: white; color: blue; font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif; line-height: 39.1749992370606px;">Sankaradas Swamigal</span></span></li>
<li><span style="line-height: 39.1749992370606px;"><span style="background-color: white; color: blue; font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif; line-height: 39.1749992370606px;">Udumalai Sarabam Muthusamy Kavirayar</span></span></li>
</ul>
<div>
<span style="color: blue; font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="line-height: 43.7699966430664px;">1900's</span></span></div>
<ul style="text-align: left;">
<li><span style="line-height: 39.1749992370606px;"><span style="background-color: white; color: blue; font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif; line-height: 39.1749992370606px;"><b><u>Parithimaarkalaignar</u></b></span></span></li>
<li><span style="line-height: 39.1749992370606px;"><span style="background-color: white; color: blue; font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif; line-height: 39.1749992370606px;"><b><u>Maraimalai Adigal</u></b></span></span></li>
<li><span style="background-color: white; color: blue; font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif; line-height: 39.1749992370606px;"><span style="line-height: 39.1749992370606px;">UVe Saminatha Ayyar, </span></span></li>
<li><span style="background-color: white; color: blue; font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif; line-height: 39.1749992370606px;"><span style="line-height: 39.1749992370606px;">VaOo Chidambaram Pillai</span></span></li>
<li><span style="line-height: 39.1749992370606px;"><span style="background-color: white; color: blue; font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif; line-height: 39.1749992370606px;"><b>Mahakavi Subramanya Bharathiyaar</b></span></span></li>
<li><span style="line-height: 39.1749992370606px;"><span style="background-color: white; color: blue; font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif; line-height: 39.1749992370606px;"><b><u>Paavendhar Bharathidasan</u> -KanagaSubbuRathinam</b></span></span></li>
<li><span style="line-height: 39.1749992370606px;"><span style="background-color: white; color: blue; font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif; line-height: 39.1749992370606px;"><b>Kavimani Desiga Vinayagam Pillai</b></span></span></li>
<li><span style="background-color: white; color: blue; font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif; line-height: 39.1749992370606px;"><b><span style="background-color: white; color: #222222; font-family: Roboto-Regular, Arial, sans-serif; font-weight: bold; line-height: 20px; max-height: 999999px;">Namakkal-</span><span style="background-color: white; color: #222222; font-family: Roboto-Regular, Arial, sans-serif; line-height: 20px;">kavinjar V. </span><span style="background-color: white; color: #222222; font-family: Roboto-Regular, Arial, sans-serif; font-weight: bold; line-height: 20px; max-height: 999999px;">Ramalingam Pillai</span></b></span></li>
</ul>
<div>
<span style="color: blue; font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="line-height: 43.7699966430664px;"><b>1950-Present</b></span></span></div>
<ul style="text-align: left;">
<li><span style="line-height: 39.1749992370606px;"><span style="background-color: white; color: blue; font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif; line-height: 39.1749992370606px;">Devaneya Paavaanar, </span></span></li>
<li><span style="line-height: 39.1749992370606px;"><span style="background-color: white; color: blue; font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif; line-height: 39.1749992370606px;">Raa Pi Sethupillai</span></span></li>
<li><span style="line-height: 39.1749992370606px;"><span style="background-color: white; color: blue; font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif; line-height: 39.1749992370606px;">KiVaaJa, </span></span></li>
<li><span style="line-height: 39.1749992370606px;"><span style="background-color: white; color: blue; font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif; line-height: 39.1749992370606px;">MuVa</span></span></li>
<li><span style="background-color: white; color: blue; font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif; line-height: 39.1749992370606px;"><span style="line-height: 39.1749992370606px;">Suradha -SubbuRathinaDaasan</span></span></li>
<li><span style="background-color: white; color: blue; font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif; line-height: 39.1749992370606px;"><span style="line-height: 39.1749992370606px;">Nannan</span></span></li>
<li><span style="line-height: 39.1749992370606px;"><span style="background-color: white; color: blue; font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">Kannadasan-</span></span></li>
<li><span style="line-height: 39.1749992370606px;"><span style="background-color: white; color: blue; font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">Vaali-</span></span></li>
<li><span style="line-height: 39.1749992370606px;"><span style="background-color: white; color: blue; font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">Vairamuthu</span></span></li>
</ul>
<span style="background-color: white; color: blue; font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><br /></span>
<span style="background-color: white; color: blue; font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><br /></span><span style="background-color: white; color: blue; font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif; line-height: 39.1749992370606px;">Popular Novelists:</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; color: blue; font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="line-height: 39.1749992370606px;"><br /></span>
</span><br />
<ul style="text-align: left;">
<li><span style="line-height: 39.1749992370606px;"><span style="background-color: white; color: blue; font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif; line-height: 26.3999996185303px; text-align: center;">Mayuram Vedanayagam Pillai</span></span></li>
<li><span style="line-height: 39.1749992370606px;"><span style="background-color: white; color: blue; font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif; line-height: 45.870002746582px;">Manonmaniyam Sundarampillai,</span></span></li>
<li><span style="line-height: 39.1749992370606px;"><span style="background-color: white; color: blue; font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif; line-height: 45.870002746582px;"><b>Kalki</b></span></span></li>
<li><span style="line-height: 39.1749992370606px;"><span style="background-color: white; color: blue; font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif; line-height: 49.2175025939941px;"><b>Annadurai</b></span></span></li>
<li><span style="line-height: 39.1749992370606px;"><span style="background-color: white; color: blue; font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif; line-height: 49.2175025939941px;">Karunanidhi</span></span></li>
<li><span style="line-height: 39.1749992370606px;"><span style="background-color: white; color: blue; font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif; line-height: 49.2175025939941px;">Sandilyan</span></span></li>
<li><span style="line-height: 39.1749992370606px;"><span style="background-color: white; color: blue; font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif; line-height: 49.2175025939941px;">Asogamithran</span></span></li>
<li><span style="line-height: 39.1749992370606px;"><span style="background-color: white; color: blue; font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif; line-height: 49.2175025939941px;">Jayakanthan</span></span></li>
<li><span style="line-height: 39.1749992370606px;"><span style="background-color: white; color: blue; font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif; line-height: 49.2175025939941px;">Balakumaran</span></span></li>
<li><span style="line-height: 39.1749992370606px;"><span style="background-color: white; color: blue; font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif; line-height: 49.2175025939941px;">Jayamohan</span></span></li>
<li><span style="line-height: 39.1749992370606px;"><span style="background-color: white; color: blue; font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif; line-height: 49.2175025939941px;">Rajeshkumar</span></span></li>
</ul>
<span style="background-color: white; color: blue; font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><br /></span>
<span style="background-color: white; color: blue; font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="line-height: 49.2175025939941px;"><br /></span>
<b><u><span style="line-height: 39.1749992370606px;"><br /></span>
<span style="line-height: 39.1749992370606px;">Prominent stage artistes/ Naadaga Vaathiyaar/Aasiriyar:</span></u></b></span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; color: blue; font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="line-height: 39.1749992370606px;"><br /></span></span>
<span style="background-color: white; color: blue; font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="line-height: 39.1749992370606px;"><b><i><u>Isai-Nadagam</u></i></b></span><span style="line-height: 39.1749992370606px;">1860's</span></span><br />
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
<ul style="text-align: left;">
<li><span style="line-height: 39.1749992370606px;"><span style="background-color: white; color: blue; font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif; text-align: justify;">G.C.V Srinivasachari</span></span></li>
</ul>
<ul style="text-align: left;">
<li><span style="line-height: 39.1749992370606px;"><span style="background-color: white; color: blue; font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif; text-align: justify;">T.R. Govindasamy Rao</span></span></li>
</ul>
</blockquote>
1870's<br />
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
<ul style="text-align: left;">
</ul>
<ul style="text-align: left;">
<li><span style="line-height: 39.1749992370606px;"><span style="background-color: white; color: blue; font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif; line-height: 45.870002746582px;"><b>Sankaradas Swamigal</b></span></span></li>
</ul>
<ul style="text-align: left;">
<li><span style="line-height: 39.1749992370606px;"><span style="background-color: white; color: blue; font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif; line-height: 39.1749992370606px;">T.S.Kannuswamy Pillai</span></span></li>
</ul>
</blockquote>
1890's<br />
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
<ul style="text-align: left;">
</ul>
<ul style="text-align: left;">
<li><span style="color: blue; font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif; line-height: 39.1749992370606px;"><b style="background: none rgb(255, 255, 255); border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: #252525; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, 'Nimbus Sans L', Arial, 'Liberation Sans', sans-serif; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 26.3999996185303px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Pammal Vijayaranga Sambandha Mudaliar</b></span></li>
</ul>
</blockquote>
1915's<br />
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
<ul style="text-align: left;">
</ul>
<ul style="text-align: left;">
<li><span style="line-height: 39.1749992370606px;"><span style="background-color: white; color: blue; font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif; line-height: 39.1749992370606px;">C.Cunniah</span></span></li>
</ul>
</blockquote>
1920's<br />
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
<ul style="text-align: left;">
</ul>
<ul style="text-align: left;">
<li><span style="line-height: 39.1749992370606px;"><span style="background-color: white; color: blue; font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif; line-height: 39.1749992370606px;">C.S.Samanna Iyer</span></span></li>
</ul>
<ul style="text-align: left;">
<li><span style="line-height: 39.1749992370606px;"><span style="background-color: white; color: blue; font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif; line-height: 39.1749992370606px;">Balambal</span></span></li>
</ul>
</blockquote>
1925's<br />
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
<ul style="text-align: left;">
</ul>
<ul style="text-align: left;">
<li><span style="line-height: 39.1749992370606px;"><span style="background-color: white; color: blue; font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif; line-height: 39.1749992370606px;">Kumbakonam Balamani</span></span></li>
</ul>
<ul style="text-align: left;">
<li><span style="line-height: 39.1749992370606px;"><span style="background-color: white; color: blue; font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif; line-height: 39.1749992370606px;"><b>S.G.Kittappa</b></span></span></li>
</ul>
<ul style="text-align: left;">
<li><span style="line-height: 39.1749992370606px;"><span style="background-color: white; color: blue; font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif; line-height: 39.1749992370606px;"><b>K.B.Sundarambal</b></span></span></li>
</ul>
<ul style="text-align: left;">
<li><span style="line-height: 39.1749992370606px;"><span style="background-color: white; color: blue; font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif; text-align: justify;">Rukmini Bala</span></span></li>
</ul>
<ul style="text-align: left;">
<li><span style="line-height: 39.1749992370606px;"><span style="background-color: white; color: blue; font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif; text-align: justify;"> T.M. Kadar Badsha,</span></span></li>
</ul>
<ul style="text-align: left;">
<li><span style="line-height: 39.1749992370606px;"><span style="background-color: white; color: blue; font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif; text-align: justify;"> S.V. Subbaiya Bhagavathar</span></span></li>
</ul>
<ul style="text-align: left;">
<li><span style="line-height: 39.1749992370606px;"><span style="background-color: white; color: blue; font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif; text-align: justify;">T.P. Krishnaswami Pavalar</span></span></li>
</ul>
</blockquote>
1930's<br />
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
<ul style="text-align: left;">
</ul>
<ul style="text-align: left;">
<li><span style="line-height: 39.1749992370606px;"><span style="background-color: white; color: blue; font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif; text-align: justify;"><b>M.G. Bairava Sundaram Pillai</b></span></span></li>
</ul>
<ul style="text-align: left;">
<li><span style="line-height: 39.1749992370606px;"><span style="background-color: white; color: blue; font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif; text-align: justify;"><b>Baskara Das</b></span></span></li>
</ul>
<ul style="text-align: left;">
<li><span style="line-height: 39.1749992370606px;"><span style="background-color: white; color: blue; font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif; text-align: justify;"><b> Bhoomi Balagadas</b></span></span></li>
</ul>
<ul style="text-align: left;">
<li><span style="line-height: 39.1749992370606px;"><span style="background-color: white; color: blue; font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif; text-align: justify;"><b>Udumalai Narayana Kavi</b></span></span></li>
</ul>
<ul style="text-align: left;">
<li><span style="line-height: 39.1749992370606px;"><span style="background-color: white; color: blue; font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif; text-align: justify;"><b>S.S. Viswanatha Das</b></span></span></li>
</ul>
<ul style="text-align: left;">
<li><span style="background-color: white; color: blue; font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif; line-height: 39.1749992370606px;"><span style="text-align: justify;">M.V. Mani, M.R. Santhanalakshmi, and B.R. Subbiah Pillai, K.S. </span><span style="line-height: 39.1749992370606px; text-align: justify;">Ananthanarayan</span></span></li>
<li><span style="line-height: 39.1749992370606px;"><span style="background-color: white; color: blue; font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif; text-align: justify;">Kothamanagalam Srinivasan, Samanna</span></span></li>
</ul>
<ul style="text-align: left;">
<li><span style="line-height: 39.1749992370606px;"><span style="background-color: white; color: blue; font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif; text-align: justify;">P.S. Govindan</span></span></li>
</ul>
<ul style="text-align: left;">
<li><span style="line-height: 39.1749992370606px;"><span style="background-color: white; color: blue; font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif; line-height: 45.870002746582px;">Nawab T.S.Rajamanickam</span></span></li>
</ul>
<ul style="text-align: left;">
<li><span style="line-height: 39.1749992370606px;"><span style="background-color: white; color: blue; font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif; line-height: 49.2175025939941px;">T.K.Sankaran, T.K.Muthuswamy and <b> T.K.Shanmugam</b></span></span></li>
</ul>
<ul style="text-align: left;">
<li><span style="line-height: 39.1749992370606px;"><span style="background-color: white; color: blue; font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif; line-height: 49.2175025939941px;"><b>N.S.Krishnan</b></span></span></li>
</ul>
<ul style="text-align: left;">
<li><span style="line-height: 39.1749992370606px;"><span style="background-color: white; color: blue; font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif; text-align: justify;">K.P. Kesavan</span></span></li>
</ul>
</blockquote>
1935's<br />
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
<ul style="text-align: left;">
</ul>
<ul style="text-align: left;">
<li><span style="line-height: 39.1749992370606px;"><span style="background-color: white; color: blue; font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif; text-align: justify;"><b>P.U. Chinnappa</b></span></span></li>
</ul>
<ul style="text-align: left;">
<li><span style="line-height: 39.1749992370606px;"><span style="background-color: white; color: blue; font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif; text-align: justify;"><b>M.K. Thiagaraja Bhagavathar</b></span></span></li>
</ul>
</blockquote>
<b><u><i>Urai-Nadagam</i></u></b><br />
1935's<br />
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
<ul style="text-align: left;">
</ul>
<ul style="text-align: left;">
<li><span style="line-height: 39.1749992370606px;"><span style="background-color: white; color: blue; font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif; line-height: 49.2175025939941px;"><b>Arignar Annaadurai</b></span></span></li>
</ul>
</blockquote>
1940's<br />
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
<ul style="text-align: left;">
</ul>
<ul style="text-align: left;">
<li><span style="line-height: 39.1749992370606px;"><span style="background-color: white; color: blue; font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif; text-align: justify;">A.P. Nagarajan</span></span></li>
</ul>
<ul style="text-align: left;">
<li><span style="line-height: 39.1749992370606px;"><span style="background-color: white; color: blue; font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif; text-align: justify;"> V.K. Ramasamy</span></span></li>
</ul>
<ul style="text-align: left;">
<li><span style="line-height: 39.1749992370606px;"><span style="background-color: white; color: blue; font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif; line-height: 39.1749992370606px;"> M.R.Radha</span></span></li>
</ul>
<ul style="text-align: left;">
<li><span style="line-height: 39.1749992370606px;"><span style="background-color: white; color: blue; font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif; line-height: 39.1749992370606px;"> S.V.Venkatraman</span></span></li>
</ul>
<ul style="text-align: left;">
<li><span style="line-height: 39.1749992370606px;"><span style="background-color: white; color: blue; font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif; line-height: 39.1749992370606px;"> K.Sarangapani</span></span></li>
</ul>
<ul style="text-align: left;">
<li><span style="line-height: 39.1749992370606px;"><span style="background-color: white; color: blue; font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif; line-height: 39.1749992370606px;"> T.S. Balaiyya</span></span></li>
</ul>
</blockquote>
1945's<br />
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
<ul style="text-align: left;">
</ul>
<ul style="text-align: left;">
<li><span style="line-height: 39.1749992370606px;"><span style="background-color: white; color: blue; font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif; text-align: justify;">K.R. Ramasamy, S.S. Rajendran</span></span></li>
</ul>
<ul style="text-align: left;">
<li><span style="line-height: 39.1749992370606px;"><span style="background-color: white; color: blue; font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><b>Sivaji Ganesan</b></span></span></li>
</ul>
<ul style="text-align: left;">
<li><span style="line-height: 39.1749992370606px;"><span style="background-color: white; color: blue; font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">R.S. Manohar</span></span></li>
</ul>
</blockquote>
1960's<br />
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
<ul style="text-align: left;">
</ul>
<ul style="text-align: left;">
<li><span style="line-height: 39.1749992370606px;"><span style="background-color: white; color: blue; font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><b>Nagesh</b></span></span></li>
</ul>
<ul style="text-align: left;">
<li><span style="line-height: 39.1749992370606px;"><span style="background-color: white; color: blue; font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><b>K. Balachander</b></span></span></li>
</ul>
<ul style="text-align: left;">
<li><span style="line-height: 39.1749992370606px;"><span style="background-color: white; color: blue; font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">V.S.Raghavan</span></span> </li>
</ul>
</blockquote>
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
<ul style="text-align: left;">
<li><span style="line-height: 39.1749992370606px;"><span style="background-color: white; color: blue; font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">Mouli</span></span></li>
</ul>
</blockquote>
1970's-Present<br />
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
<ul style="text-align: left;">
</ul>
<ul style="text-align: left;">
<li><span style="line-height: 39.1749992370606px;"><span style="background-color: white; color: blue; font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">ChoRamaswamy</span></span></li>
</ul>
<ul style="text-align: left;">
<li><span style="line-height: 39.1749992370606px;"><span style="background-color: white; color: blue; font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">Y.G.Mahendran</span></span></li>
</ul>
<ul>
<li><span style="line-height: 39.1749992370606px;"><span style="background-color: white; color: blue; font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">Visu, A.R.S.</span></span></li>
</ul>
</blockquote>
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
<ul>
<li><span style="line-height: 39.1749992370606px;"><span style="background-color: white; color: blue; font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><b>S.Ve.Sekar</b></span></span></li>
</ul>
<ul style="text-align: left;">
</ul>
<ul style="text-align: left;">
<li><span style="line-height: 39.1749992370606px;"><span style="background-color: white; color: blue; font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><b>Crazy Mohan</b></span></span></li>
</ul>
<ul style="text-align: left;">
<li><span style="line-height: 39.1749992370606px;"><span style="background-color: white; color: blue; font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">Kathadi Ramamurty</span></span></li>
</ul>
<ul style="text-align: left;">
<li><span style="line-height: 39.1749992370606px;"><span style="background-color: white; color: blue; font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">Poornam Viswanathan</span></span></li>
</ul>
</blockquote>
<span style="background-color: white; color: blue; font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><br /></span>
<span style="background-color: white; color: blue; font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="line-height: 39.1749992370606px;"><br /></span>
<span style="line-height: 39.1749992370606px;"><br /></span></span>
<span style="background-color: white; color: #3b3b3b; font-family: Georgia; font-size: 31px; line-height: 39.1749992370606px;"><br /></span></div>
Senthilkumarhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/13568132368013187258noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-194677254669823957.post-79848230864829055652014-05-30T04:37:00.002-07:002014-06-23T05:25:54.348-07:00Greatest evergreenTamil films ever full-time comedy &/ entertainment<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
(* adapted partially atleast from foreign works)<br />
Nallathambi<br />
Sabapathi<br />
Missiamma<br />
Kalyaanam panniyum brahmmachaari<br />
Aduthaveettup penn<br />
Arivaali*<br />
Kaadhalikka neramillai<br />
Thenilavu<br />
Balay Pandya!<br />
Bamavijayam<br />
Ooty varai uravu<br />
Galaattaa Kalyanam<br />
Soappu seeppu kannaadi<br />
Madras to Pondicherry<br />
Kasethaan kadavulada<br />
Tughlaq<br />
Simla special<br />
Thillumullu*<br />
?Tik tik tik<br />
Mouna geethangal<br />
Indrupoai naalai vaa<br />
Aanpaavam...<br />
?Emadharmarajan<br />
?Indhran Chandran*<br />
Michael madana kama rajan<br />
Avvai Shanmugi<br />
Tenali<br />
?Luckyman<br />
Ullaththai alliththaa...<br />
Pammal K Sambandham<br />
Panchathandhiram<br />
Magaanadigan<br />
Vasoolraja mbbs*<br />
Imsai arasan 23aam Pulikesi<br />
?Indralogaththil Na. Azhagappan<br />
Chennai 28...<br />
QuickGun Murugan(adapted)*<br />
Irumbukkoattai murattukkudhirai<br />
Thamizh padam...<br />
Boss enkiraBhaskaran<br />
Ok ok<br />
Uthamaputhiran3*<br />
Siruththai*<br />
Thillalangadi*<br />
Naduvula konjam pakkaththa kaanoam<br />
Soodhu kavvum<br />
?Idharkuthane aasaipattai Balakumara<br />
?TenaliRaman2<br />
Yaamirukka bayamae<br />
<br /></div>
Senthilkumarhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/13568132368013187258noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-194677254669823957.post-21362239766070396572014-05-20T13:16:00.000-07:002015-05-10T01:51:01.584-07:00Tamil Gems of 19-20cent - Philosophy, Patriotism, Science, Literature, Art . . . <div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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" 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bx07GxvG4p0v+t9VP4GPZktec30H5wCwcXbh/wCoo+bklUt/9BPD3uw01vDTjNZ83QWsP/V/thRw2coIC+p84M+0upEuhQrof/USeRLEpq1YzHjzNLi6FTiOSxGdWtaE+np2M7vWJvr0POJtFibTP1moAjWhmqJmYEjXYbeHnAzcK+iovwQyL+bsGdkBUAW6na3pEuXRMZhuWsdBl5ecbYh+uVvMcud9YbsLkKyg8xE2WfFWehhgpaBUqi7KQVY5mLDKWvoB8YYPZ0urmB+KgnMeQEG+AqRlRm6xJlncCuEKkFsQpe1zC2p5wo1vDysCjIb395dx8Lw8yZmV7GCE6gDWYaN4fjE+PI4BzS9leUHCfuqmfQ3Z238rQ2LhglLvc+MGkl5RrA/FZmkdLM5PZySXRW/tHPdW3M5TEfhCnaS5ll9CA108eRMEOMgGlMp56iOGBochmuV7kv3VB5czF2L/AE6JJayWSMap1q58qmLCyHPM622UD1ix8OlSpMoItgMthaPnOfXOZpmhiHJJuL/AfdBam4sqT3AxubXbUtYcgDpFuFcI0J+dOTLzWcOzOsc3ljs4h4VMzUyFt8o+6CEkAy9doVl7Q+XoAYi4uI5TDG2K2DC2sRpk+Oe2HzXtkuhbviO3GrgqmkQKCYTMEFOKFuE+EJepolzyvoW1awuRHYtcRJluOdoj1Mxb6EGK4WJmlRpAPjD+az/7Mfv5EGs0BOLz81n/ANkP38mDl0ToquMjyMgAhu4P4cmVMt3RwoD5deuUH8YOHgaYTrOX/Pxhk9icmn/QZrTv9u3PlkSG6ZKopzMiyha3vai3lEs8rUqCukIFFwZMV1Pbg2INoMe1Ga0umlgHwhmpeEaMFTme4N/eP5xI4q4cp61VlFyMuxBhTy3JA80fPwxaZ1jrLxpwYtFPY1K3NQyj4RCrPY9b9VUX8xFC8mD9hJxE3C8ffOo/rD74sP2mzL0Eo+X4QFpvZRUI6t2qEAgnS2xhp47wKbOpUlSgGZd9bdIVPJByTQSaopdKg8jaJuDjMxBYruSw32iWvA9dcgSGa3Qj844TcEq5Fw0iYtxba/3RQpRfs5MgvU98d7MM2/2aw5YTUEc4ruajIxDAgjkQQfQw4YJVAywedvuheaNxH4JfZh/Fn+SsOZF/KGbh3GZIlABhcAXA69LRUOI4tMmMy5iFva3lHbC3mpLYygdeYEK+C47ZR/ktS0i3pGIrNJUK1ydND98MshyAAYo7CMTno+bUa3INxr4QxS+Ppqt3xp49InyeK6+o35lJbLNmTNYFYk91jlIxRZiB1OhF4iV9V3fGI1F8tjn0I3GDvcgLcdeUAafix0pnkoigsCC/h5Q51wz3Gmtxr5Qo8QUcqRIAllWa4D6ahtbi/TaPXwNONHn51JOxVtHeiBDqRvmFvWPFcBRb3iTfyhp4SwQuP0iYO4vug/Sb8hFhHFfg9S8ScIB5XjomJPa14Hk6CPSYHgn2a80mdZlYekcmqT0jnMjwRyiZzZ3kVrKbx7iWKzJnK0RI5zHjHjV2bzIFUk5tmtHXCpDpfObxJVo9Z7QxRoxyJBaA3Fh+azv7P/7pEEQ8C+JG+a1A/wCEP38iOkwaKwjI9jIGjhr4QxgykZLnLmzW5XsB+EMtNxWRrmt8Ir7DjofOJeY9YXKKbCXRYUni5ydGvfbSGHDuLFlC7MrNz1ipKeY179I1qKgk/fC3jRtIttuLnnHMRZeQvvEyTxQuW2p+O0U4le3XTpEyTihAsL3MC8MaM4plsy+J+pI6c7mC+H1Wbvu48oqfDKsuQbmywxVVVPmIqU6M7MbWUXP8BCZY0tGqA71nFgvklFfOOUnEi5se+fU+kLVLw61OqmsYZ292VKsXJP1n2UCJ8/iBaCSZhUIzCySh7zH60xzrbwjfiX9QliOnFVLR2DVshAToo0E1/AAageJisaicsqoYJL7OU2qpfNl8ydzEaurHqpzTqicAxNxc3sOQUcoONg8ppcs9uDcrfm1tz9l4ojClsbBIEjDwMzj3i1/hDng0uS0vvA5raEHLY9bbQszkWXOIQkym9wtptvBnB2DPl6bwqZViaTGinppARBkV3HvMwvfQ9YF4zw/KeWSF7w1voIMyKRRqD8I6VajIb8xEryU9DnTXQHw1ispR0FvSPJz3MeSQJa5Qb631jejlF3CqLkm0DW7M50jSRhrTLhELm3ujpz+yEeowsTu2VT3lJcDyNit/I/ZF702HNTyJvZgNOKED9q2gB84qvDMMk0s/NUTxm5qnjuDzMW+O6RHHLHLN/glUVFIDgTC/7PInzh6pGJVQAQoFlFraeUReMMOpVdVlowDkMky+xPIeHhEbEHmSXlMZ+YhR7vK21x4xRydBLEnaQb7IjcH0jAkSqHivtUClVVgLsbDYcwI7LVyydV38ID5mvRLkwShKmDmSORWDEyZJ5i0Ru2pyL3IGwN9z0EFHOK4sHkRHnJB6nw0TNQbD+sY3qMFlgfrI354mqLFsiwjm76wWagvs1x1IjRsEY6giO+SJtMhytoF8Sn5tUf2Q/fyIYGwxxpofKAnFFOVpagkW+SFv8eR+cH8iYNUVdGRkZGHE6g2PnHYmOVBsfOJUsEkCMZqOqGwjhm5xLqppy+cRBvAmm+aNlcxrpBDh3C/0ieku9l95z0Ubxpq2N/DdNLVZQmi5mHRL2OUe87EagQw4hxKlKpSmUc7AHUnqxgVWrSmqM2W+SXLlMCb3zHZVA8bQrths2eRMzgSWYgsdCttwRClFN2y6LjGNLsmYfjs0PMqZzszDRVJ0LHYeW0D8exSfNTtJxDO+1voryEFqrDJQlKTUKFAuqrYnxJ6GNaubSpTIVRpjA7sdIZa9AyxuhJlSmY6AnyF4YpdE4lKSCCRlXTm2mkQ5mMzCe5ZB0VRBDEsWmvLlgsbouYaW30vBAQiNIwFp9MiiwmKTY9LDT1gTRVWRsrDKykhupPj4Q7ezNu0kanMTe5Op0iPxfwbMMxqiWAQAO0W9j+0o5+UTSpypgKfGdEOnxlLbxlViqnQawIosOQ62+2GXA8DM1rS1GnvMdFXzPXwhDUUypy1bAysza7L1ixeFMJWVLEw2Z2Fxzygja/WBeHcMPLqbsM6C3eawUDQkIupvpbWHEuqgsbBVBJ5aAXMHX4eV5PmcvpAC8QY12brIRrTHUubbhBp9pMUDiOYT31PvHfz6xY2F08+srzVEEIxKjNoBLFwAo57R24gwyjpJrFwZsxu8FOu/hsNesPxtR0VYfHcIJewXgOFTK2l7G3eRrqx2A8/ygDU0YpxM7Qh3WeZbC+jaA38NDBr+U86/dtLUaZUGtuhb8oA8QUpasslysxUmaa97VT8dIZ7LXCSponTscIHZypctADYC1yfMxrOqQxtrImbG5Jlk9D9QnrtGUOATnmr8m1jMHQfSjrxSOwrGE6UWlsq3GxB+sp5mO0Zm3/IBYjXT5bZWJUnQA6jXmDzEaSsWmGZe4IQWUcrnn5w0rjct0EhadXk8iwu6+Kn6MCKjAuyIde/KJvmBuVP1W8YEnngcdronjHyqm9u6NfOBU3iNmbUd0DMddzyEQcQtk8WJ+yBSL3d/eIHwEckhMnWhpo+ISbXzAnXQ7DkBBX+UAPM3hOlp0OwJ/KOqzDf3tgPzMY4o6xvGLjvEuMqi7dTfYQKx+sMykqCxBvKBAGwHbyLC0BmmEy1BsS738bCJteL0dUbf0ageQnyB+MYkkzJPRX0ZHtoyKBdE6g2PnBCjS7E6aCB+HHQ/55QSpB3TpuYBnI1q9wLRyFtTHs1u8TGKdN4yjTxoI0lf2Ul0T35pysw3CDl8TECWhZgBqSbCHGl4VSZMWSjAzpaq0y2xJIZgfIaRtpDIRb6E2eToovpDxIwibMw4WU/rBvoI2wbhwzKifUFQZcok28QNI2rcammgsGsDMIGXTQQLkUY4aZCwbh0BskycqBtNNd+sdsbw2XLltJVgXQi+9mvzH5RC4VpS1QmbS5vdjrpr5wUxQq1S5uTYgaDp5+ccyrFByVC5T4HOcgAWvcrfug26dYygHaTGUg3EvLY9VMMvD1TetLa2UOBmNyB0F9oE8K0+euDPpLLsCTpcEmNTsVOKgxz9kuJZTMB6nyFx9wgbxD7Q0qKopY/oqN3XU5XLg2M0eFrgDpHLEKhKRa8SxoW7JLXH63c38FvClU4WolZ0BUi2h2a+gy+PhG48cW7ZBmScrLfwWpw+YuYkPc6MXAJ81UCCvB2KK7TqcOhKNnUJYAI2gGnO4+2Kg4Pw+WS3aGzEWUHn1t4wzcKJ2OLyuzbutLMp1y2AvewvzNwD8Y7L40VtCctyhVluwH4pqikk2UuLFnAtfs1tm38xBo+O0VlxhxSVnOJR1IyknXudLeO/xidRfRN4WHnkv0iDW4/OZgqHs1U6BDqQNgW6eUS+JqZZslZ2xAuQNyDvp59YW5dUWVSgyk9021a46dNIceF8OZpTJP7iG5GY94g76chzguj66XFQsrybMdmEuUpueQ1Y+ZgwZ/6OkoKytOBKsLXygm4HreIXFGJpSu8ilBXWzTD7zDlY9IB4JMJe7DNrc3v1GphtWrIY5VzoasMxic1RLHaEXmDYKOfrEniXH27d0my0moLAXGo0HOBuA1BFWtrKM52HifjHHiarvUTLlT3uYF9ABvaAS2UZYpoYODsVUO4lyJaDLfqdD/GIYxn5Zg8mWQWKsBdbi/gbRnBM280nu+4eS+HhEOdOvNfRD8ofojrHS7Dx406B/EVOjH5AG2uVTvz0HjAAhQUWxBCkkEc/KGmZJSZMyFTdmNgjam17WB5wKqqUG+dmE1e6cwBvY6Brc7c4JLR5/k4FGWiIgU6XtcgfBdTHKoChdG3ud+sc2c6m3J29TYRyn++q25gem946iQmy5fyigH3Vv6wVxmUUpJw604J8+3pzAGlmAzW03YKPWD2PgdjVAD3ZCc+s+SIB/wAkc+iu4yPIyKLFk2h2MFZWij1gVQjQ+YgpMJC78oB9moiZt465tLXjmp2jcnwjjkS8HJ7dLC5zACDtMGk1U0yWL3Vg1gQy3G/kDEDBaNVlPVM2XsyBLW187c9eQEb4fjZDTVK9+YCoPXNt5bx1WUY3QUwfGpsumeWrau5zX1utucbVk/LQSwNO+ToOpP5wEoWsxDXsAb9RaG6sxKmk0EvIuZu03t5nUmBosckogvgqgmTKhbKbam7aDYwxpw+BMczJoXvm9gBsephawDiWa1QuWyg3Gmp2POIlXVsZrgkn5Q7+cbJA4cwyYNiFLTTJjKO0cLMIO/27QiSMTZp4mHQZg1uQ1vE/BpLTJjqBclHA6+kQUwaZzGQDUlvDwjYpCMsm3foN8WVbNlyd4zJrNYc8qhVv6xvMp5zqnaIxtYABbKG/OBE6eotNILKhCKTsWXXb0hiwWd2wkTJj69sDlvvdtNPD8Ipx/Ukl2N/BfA6zPlanUKdJXIn+sfwhtPDclZyzsg7hGQDTJbpaO/DZOWYDyf8ACC4F9Ilz5W2ebkm+bQF4xxkUtLMmaFiMqg9W0ilC5mHvnvfW/wD11EWDxpiUqdVikdhlRAbdWI69RArC+EmUmbM/ULrm56ciOg6wC+q2ex4EFGO/Zww+RMpaeZOOVSQMgbXn7w6m20ABjUwTVmElmB59DuLcoNYtivbvYj5IaJ1HLMIBLJCzAAA+ul/dJPlv5RqZ684PjXom4nwvMqHWdcBW95m0AtqPPSN1q6enBlyBnZhkdzsOpB/AQex7H5Zky6OYbHTMy90dAum2/wBkJrcMzO3VEzMhIsb7A8zblBxbfZBXGWhi4YmUkuqW9mNyQfeOx+AiRjXENJ20y8q5DEe4vLTnAitk56iXTygAsojMV5kdTz0hYx8Ez5n7bffGKCbs3LMtngvHad3a0oghfqqOY8YE4njFMzTMkjPMzMVXJuQeZGwgR7OZZDTCdAEvr5we4PwELOM6dMAMzNZNNAxuNTzgZQSdjMTd2VxSOyzxMb3i2byF72+F4a8XwkmpY2sjqJt/+W5t1OkTcam0lLNcKmdwxtpffX3m0ERsarZjTZUy4HySFByBXQg9YJszHC7QlvNJdgo7pZQPK99Y4dvecCRsWb74L4qUM0MgKXOZgRp7u4HS8BKa4LkEaIft/wDccRZI8ZUSMCYGYhI+neDuOMpp6xhfWWB6T6eBfC8k9ovu6BjqbHptBbGJJFDUNYAFCf8Av08Kb+6AfRWkZGRkU6ACWEDX4wSrLWPnA/BHsT/nlE2tmA2FoXLs1dEcJEqhoWmzFRSBmIFzsL8zEcAXgjhMlmcBN208hzMaFGrGrEZcsSmo5eUy1uVmAXYuAL38CYUsXo3E0sFbLYWNtrARImVOSoySz3VOUeJvqfWHbirHJSJJkuuoS5ZQL3NrX+2O2iiSi4ia1M5ya++u5Gl1A0v4/hHYyy1FMHOXMB9dDBKbiJn04loFJlsr5gbMFDa3UjXSC2ATqZhVBu87AnL4qOQ2jmbGSemJ/B9G7VMvKpPetflr4w2VnDay6h+2mBRmzWHjruYADiBxMXswECkEaa6eGwg3xUDMeVO1btEtffUfwjJDcCSJGCYlIpZ/yaZj3lzHqdrkwpYvNnNOmKToMzEDa2+sS8TGUqxIF7Nbc3Gm3wjjxBXKGZkGsySAb+J1+6NxrZnlcUtAuuKimlopveYxPnEnDjlemZeb/wDUp5fCO1GJc6UikEFF1NtL8yDAtZpU5bn5Nsy+sUWecfQXDGLBmZPdzHMA2jGw17vnaGCrnBUZibAA+gFzFf8AAs/PPRypIKqEJ1OqEsb79NYYuO5wWSEY5e1vLGtjdunjaIsqSaI3Dllr0UzSo9ZVu4+m5N/qqDYH0AixZ3FS2FHfuAZWc2P/ACn8TALEsPOGycosZk3ZrbDx8hC1IsozNr5/SJgv5HvYYKNJ9DNjuFdiM8vUN9H6g+sOoiJhBWVLNTMF1FxKB5t9YeUSuFaxprFZx+SXV3P0QPo36bRz4vkGa2aQPkkFlQbWG7LHJbKMmdLXoVJ4LsXbXMSb+J5HoYeuGq79CpjMm94zO7LHMX/Dn8IXeGKAzZg07g1e+1uhiVxFXrNmgqfk1ORF6dW8RBP8AhBPbYVwHDpP6UjGbobta41JB+MQ8Tp6AT5pZie+17Fj9wgdwuh/SksCe8RtfrEbiSTapmJzz6KQbsWOlrRkU7NyxiFJ2ISAmSmBDOVzG5FkU3I162jyRMCzQRclXB5k2uD+MRDTdg7KQC1hc2ubka7+cSKie2Y6m1lPIch0jJMrxQSideMqQmqZtFBVT3jrtbQDW+kbSQr0hIuzyXBBP1X3sPCJnFtO0zsXloXLoB3RfbUffEbBqGdLSaGlnvoVy3F7nbNfaNjsn1GbQvYpMzKbLdgCc3gw1Hrf1gCGsk05d7LuRuYOY7RNLlyi6FcyspI/qPp98AHI7K2Y6vzHSNo83O/uwzw6UGYlT3Zfx1MEMWI/0dMtfWVfXl84pz+JiJhTWkzirg7AaDpbnEniAN+iTFIFhTg6W3M+nHLyhPc0Kb0VtGRkZFNAHoYjYxmc9T6xkZHGGZz1MbJOYbMR5Ex7GRxxr2h6n1jZ57MbszE+JJjIyONPBNYbEj4mPZdQ67Mw8iRGRkcceFz1PrG5rJlgO0ew2GY2HkLxkZGHNmvbMd2PqY17Q9T6xkZGnM9WewFgzAdATHnaHqfWMjI0wkScTnJbJNmLbbK7C3lY6R7UYrPmWzzpr21GaYzWPUXOkZGRhxpOxCa/vzZjW2zOx+8xzM9vrN6mMjI42zYVcwAgO9juMxsfMXj1a6aNBMcDwZvzjIyOOsxK6YL2mOL72Zhfz1jTt2+s3qY9jI422bJWTFOkxx5MR+MatUuTmLtmve+Y3v5xkZHGWz01cwm5diepY/nHv6S/12/vGPIyMCTZ0/0pOsB20yw2GdrDyF9Iw4lOJuZsy/7bfnGRkaDbOcysmNozubdWJ+8xz7Q9T6xkZHGHonN9Y+pj0zmI1Ynludt7eoEZGRhzOUZGRkEcf//Z" 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<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="background-color: #d9ead3; color: red; font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">First Cankam(Sangam) Era: 9850-</span><span style="background-color: #d9ead3; color: red; font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">5450 BCE</span></span></h3>
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<span style="color: red; font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">Early Pandyas 9850 BCE -250 CE</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: #d9ead3; color: red; font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">Second Cankam Era: 5450-1750 BCE</span></div>
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<span style="color: red; font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">Early Pandyas 9850 BCE -250 CE</span></div>
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<span style="color: red; font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">Early Cholas 3250 BCE -250 CE</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: #ffe599; color: red; font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">Third Cankam Era: 1750 BCE -250 CE</span></div>
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<span style="color: red; font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">Early Pandyas 9850 BCE -250 CE</span></div>
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<span style="color: red; font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">Early Cholas 3250 BCE -250 CE</span></div>
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<span style="color: red; font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">Early Cheras 1350 BCE -250 CE</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="background-color: #d9d2e9; color: red; font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">First Civinelam Era: 250-556 CE</span><span style="background-color: #d9d2e9; color: red; font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">:</span></span></h3>
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<span style="background-color: white;"><span style="color: red; font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-weight: normal;">Kalapparar 250-560 CE</span></span><br />
<span style="background-color: white;"><span style="color: red; font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-weight: normal;">Pallavas </span></span><span style="background-color: white; color: red; font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">(76-)210-345;360-464 CE</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white;"><span style="color: red; font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-weight: normal;">Medieval Pandyas 420-450 CE</span></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: #fff9ee; color: red; font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">Medieval Cholas 506-556 CE</span><br />
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<span style="background-color: #d9d2e9; color: red; font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">Second Civinelam Era: 556-848 CE:</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; color: red; font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">Pallavas </span><span style="background-color: white; color: red; font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">550-695;700-</span><span style="background-color: white; color: red; font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">897 </span><span style="background-color: white; color: red; font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">CE</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; color: red; font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">Medieval Pandyas 560-640;670-735;755-765;796-911 CE </span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; color: red; font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">Medieval Cholas 640-755;798-843 CE </span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; color: red; font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;"><br /></span>
<span style="background-color: #d9d2e9; color: red; font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">Third Civinelam Era: 848-1279 CE: </span><br />
<span style="background-color: #d9d2e9;"><span style="background-color: white; color: red; font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">Imperial Cholas 848-1279 CE</span></span><br />
<span style="background-color: #d9d2e9;"><span style="background-color: white; color: red; font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">Later Pandyas 1216-1314 CE </span></span><br />
<span style="background-color: #d9d2e9;"><span style="line-height: 20px;"><span style="background-color: white; color: red; font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;"><span style="line-height: 19.046875px;"><i>Kaadava Pallavas:</i> </span></span></span><span style="font-weight: bold; line-height: 20px;"><span style="font-weight: normal;"><span style="background-color: white; color: red; font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;"><span style="line-height: 19.046875px;">1216-</span><span style="line-height: 19.046875px;">1279 CE<i> </i></span></span></span></span><span style="background-color: white; color: red; font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;"><br /></span></span>
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<span style="background-color: #d9d2e9;"><span style="color: red; font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">Fourth Civinelam Era: 1279-1533 CE:</span></span><br />
<span style="background-color: #d9d2e9;"><span style="background-color: white; color: red; font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; line-height: 20px;"><i>Vaanara Cholaraayas: </i></span><span style="background-color: white; color: red; font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; line-height: 20px;"><i>1309-1538 CE</i></span></span><br />
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<span style="font-size: small;"><i style="font-weight: normal;"><span style="background-color: white; color: red; font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; line-height: 19.046875px;">Tenkasi-Tirunelveli Pandyas: </span></i><i style="font-weight: normal;"><span style="background-color: white; color: red; font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; line-height: 19.046875px;">1314-1334 CE</span></i></span></div>
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<i style="font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="background-color: white; color: red; font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; line-height: 19.046875px;">Maavali </span><span style="color: red; font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;"><span style="line-height: 19.046875px;">Vaanars /Banas of Madurai: </span></span></span></i><i style="font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: red; font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: small;"><span style="line-height: 19.046875px;">1320-</span><span style="line-height: 1.65;">1533 CE </span></span></i></div>
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<i style="font-size: medium; font-weight: normal;"><span style="background-color: white; color: red; font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;"><span style="line-height: 1.65;">Madurai Sultanate: (</span></span></i><i style="font-size: medium; font-weight: normal;"><span style="background-color: white; color: red; font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; line-height: 1.65;">1315-) 1330-1377 CE </span></i></div>
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<i style="font-size: medium; font-weight: normal;"><span style="background-color: white; color: red; font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;"><span style="line-height: 1.65;">First Madurai Nayaks: </span></span></i><i style="font-size: medium; font-weight: normal;"><span style="background-color: white; color: red; font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;"><span style="line-height: 1.65;">1377</span><span style="line-height: 1.65;">-1451 CE </span></span></i></div>
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<span style="font-size: small;"><i style="font-weight: normal;"><span style="background-color: white; color: red; font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;"><span style="line-height: 1.65;"><br /></span></span></i></span></div>
<span style="background-color: #d9d2e9;"><span style="color: red; font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">Fifth Civinelam</span></span><span style="background-color: #d9d2e9; color: red; font-family: georgia, 'times new roman', serif;"> Era: 1538-1802 CE:</span></div>
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<i style="font-size: 24px; line-height: 20px;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="background-color: white; color: red; font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;"><span style="line-height: 1.65;">Later Madurai Nayaks</span><span style="line-height: 1.65;">: (</span></span><span style="background-color: white; color: red; font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;"><span style="line-height: 1.65;">1533-)1565-1695 (-1736) CE</span></span></span></i><br />
<span style="background-color: white; color: red; font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; line-height: 20px;"><i>Tanjavur Nayaks: (1538-)</i></span><span style="background-color: white; color: red; font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; line-height: 20px;"><i>1564-1676 CE</i></span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; color: red; font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; line-height: 20px;"><i>Tanjore Marathas: </i></span><span style="background-color: white; color: red; font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; line-height: 20px;"><i>1676-1746 CE</i></span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; color: red; font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; line-height: 20px;"><i>Polygars / Paalaiyakkarar: (1573-)1695-1802 </i></span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; color: red; font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; line-height: 20px;"><i>East India Company: (1639-)1802-1857</i></span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; color: red; font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; line-height: 20px;"><i>British India: 1857-1947</i></span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; color: red; font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; line-height: 20px;"><i>Republic of India: 1947-</i></span></div>
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<span style="color: red; font-family: georgia, times new roman, serif; font-size: small;"><span style="font-weight: normal; line-height: 20px;"><i><u>Civinelam </u></i></span></span><i style="color: red; font-family: georgia, 'times new roman', serif; font-size: medium; font-weight: normal; line-height: 20px;"><u>Era: </u></i><br />
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<span style="background-color: white; color: red; font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><i><u>ORIENTAL</u>:</i></span></div>
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<i style="color: red; font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: small;">1. Medieval and Imperial Cholas: </span></i></div>
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<span style="font-size: small;"><i style="color: red; font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-weight: normal;">As feudatories/vassals of Kalabhra city states across</i><i style="color: red; font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-weight: normal;"> </i><span style="background-color: white; color: red; font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-weight: normal;"><i>Idaikkazhi-Kodumbalur-</i></span><i style="color: red; font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-weight: normal;">Pazhaiyaarai: 250-506 CE</i></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: red; font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><i>As emperors : 506-556 CE</i></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="background-color: white; color: red; font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-weight: normal;"><i>As Kalabhra / Pallava vassals : 556-640 CE</i></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="background-color: white; color: red; font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-weight: normal;"><i>As emperors : 640</i></span><i style="background-color: white; color: red; font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-weight: normal;">-755 CE </i></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: small;"><i style="background-color: white; color: red; font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-weight: normal;">As Pallava vassals/feudatories : 755-798; 843-848 CE</i></span></div>
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<i style="background-color: white; color: red; font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: small;">As kings : 848-897 CE </span></i></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: red; font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><i>As emperors : 897-1218 CE</i></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: red; font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><i>As kings : 1218-1279 CE </i></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="background-color: white; color: red; font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-weight: normal;"><i>2. Vaanara Cholaraayas: </i></span><span style="background-color: white; color: red; font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-weight: normal;"><i>1309-1538 CE</i></span><br /><span style="background-color: white; color: red; font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-weight: normal;"><i>3. Tanjavur Nayaks: </i></span><span style="background-color: white; color: red; font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-weight: normal;"><i>1564-1676 C.E.</i></span><br /><span style="background-color: white; color: red; font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-weight: normal;"><i>4. Tanjore Marathas: </i></span><span style="background-color: white; color: red; font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-weight: normal;"><i>1676-1746 CE </i></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: small;"><i style="font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: red; font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;"><u><br /></u></span></i>
<i style="font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: red; font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;"><u>SOUTH: </u></span></i></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: small;"><i style="font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: red; font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">1. Medieval Pandyas: 420-450 CE and 560-911 CE </span></i></span></div>
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<i style="font-size: medium; font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: red; font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">2. Later Free Pandyas:</span><span style="background-color: white; color: red; font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;"> </span></i><i style="font-size: medium; font-weight: normal;"><span style="background-color: white; color: red; font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">1216-1314 CE </span></i></div>
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<span style="font-size: small;"><i style="font-weight: normal;"><span style="background-color: white; color: red; font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; line-height: 19.046875px;">3. Tenkasi-Tirunelveli Pandyas: </span></i><i style="font-weight: normal;"><span style="background-color: white; color: red; font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; line-height: 19.046875px;">1314-1334 CE.</span></i></span></div>
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<i style="font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="background-color: white; color: red; font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; line-height: 19.046875px;">4. Maavali </span><span style="color: red; font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;"><span style="line-height: 19.046875px;">Vaanars /Banas of Madurai: </span></span></span></i></div>
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<i style="font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: red; font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: small;"><span style="line-height: 19.046875px;">1320-</span><span style="line-height: 1.65;">1533 CE </span></span></i></div>
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<i style="font-size: medium; font-weight: normal;"><span style="background-color: white; color: red; font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;"><span style="line-height: 1.65;">5. Madurai Sultanate: (1315-)</span></span></i><i style="font-size: medium; font-weight: normal;"><span style="background-color: white; color: red; font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; line-height: 1.65;">1330-1377 CE </span></i></div>
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<span style="font-size: small;"><i style="font-weight: normal;"><span style="background-color: white; color: red; font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;"><span style="line-height: 1.65;">6. First Madurai Nayaks: </span></span></i><i style="font-weight: normal;"><span style="background-color: white; color: red; font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;"><span style="line-height: 1.65;">1377</span><span style="line-height: 1.65;">-1451 CE </span></span></i></span></div>
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<i style="font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="background-color: white; color: red; font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;"><span style="line-height: 1.65;">7. Later Madurai Nayaks</span><span style="line-height: 1.65;">: (</span></span><span style="background-color: white; color: red; font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;"><span style="line-height: 1.65;">1533-)1565-1695 (1736) CE</span></span></span></i></div>
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<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-weight: normal;"><i><span style="background-color: white; color: red; font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;"><span style="line-height: 19.046875px;"><br /></span></span></i></span>
<span style="font-weight: normal;"><i><span style="background-color: white; color: red; font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;"><span style="line-height: 19.046875px;"><u>NORTH: </u></span></span></i></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-weight: normal;"><i><span style="background-color: white; color: red; font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;"><span style="line-height: 19.046875px;">1. Thondaiyar Pallavas: (76-)210-897 CE </span></span></i></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-weight: normal;"><i><span style="background-color: white; color: red; font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;"><span style="line-height: 19.046875px;">2. Kaadava Pallavas: </span></span></i></span><i><span style="font-weight: normal;"><span style="background-color: white; color: red; font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;"><span style="line-height: 19.046875px;">1216-</span><span style="line-height: 19.046875px;">1279 CE </span></span></span></i></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: small;"><i><span style="background-color: white; color: red; font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-weight: normal;">3. Arcot Nawabs: </span></i><i><span style="background-color: white; color: red; font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-weight: normal;">1695-1751 CE</span></i></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: red; font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><i><br /></i></span></div>
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</h2>
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<i><span style="background-color: white; color: red; font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;"><br /></span></i></div>
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Senthilkumarhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/13568132368013187258noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-194677254669823957.post-5623846760403670502013-11-30T12:14:00.001-08:002015-11-17T06:59:11.134-08:00Fifth Civinelam Era (1533-1802) -Nayaks-till-Palaikkars<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
Tanjavur Nayaks 1564-1676 C.E.<br />
Madurai Nayaks 1377-1451, 1533-1695<br />
Tanjore Marathas 1676-1746<br />
Arcot Nawabs 1695-1751<br />
Danish settlements 1630-1796<br />
Dutch " 1631-1798<br />
French " 1636-1957<br />
English " 1649-1947<br />
Puuliteevan c.1751<br />
Ettappan I c.1763-1767<br />
Teeran Cinnamalai c.1767-1777<br />
Kattabomman II c.1797-1800<br />
Oomaiththurai c.1800-1802<br />
Maruthu brothers c.1800-1802</div>
Senthilkumarhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/13568132368013187258noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-194677254669823957.post-89679213091006524822013-11-30T11:58:00.001-08:002016-01-29T03:17:36.813-08:00Third (848-1279) and Fourth (1279-1533) Civinelam Era -Greater Cholas/Later Pandyas<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="background-color: white;"><u style="font-weight: bold;">Greater / Imperial Cholas:</u><i> Contd</i></span>.</span><br />
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<div>
<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">IRANNMAYIL CHOLAS <i>Contd.</i></span><br />
<ul style="text-align: left;">
<li><span style="background-color: white; font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">Vicayalaia <i>Vaagaikkaazhina </i>Chola / Vijayalaya. 848-893 CE (wages many battles against Mutharaiyas and their overlords the Pandyas, slowly building a kingdom from scratch; "lord of a thousand battles and a hundred lance-scars" -"<i>aayirampoar thazhuvi nooraayiram thazhumbu tharitha Vaagaikkaazhinan"</i>)</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;"><b>Aditha <b>Aathondai </b>Chola </b></span><span style="background-color: white;"> 878-907 (defeats and kills King Aparajitha and annexes Pallava)</span></span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="background-color: white;"><b>Parantaka Chola I</b> "Kulam-thaanga Ari-maali"</span><span style="background-color: white;"> 907-950 (conquers Pandya, Chera, Gangas and Anuradhapura; holds north and central Srilanka for 15 years since 935 CE (<i>Mahavamsa</i>) and makes Udaya III a vassal)</span></span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="background-color: white;">(Rasaathiraasan I) 947-950 (94</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; line-height: 1.42857; white-space: pre-wrap;">7<a href="https://archive.org/stream/historyofmaratha01kincuoft/historyofmaratha01kincuoft_djvu.txt" target="_blank">^</a><a href="https://archive.org/stream/historyofmaratha01kincuoft/historyofmaratha01kincuoft_djvu.txt" target="_blank">*</a> the Chola king </span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; line-height: 1.42857; white-space: pre-wrap;">Rajaditya invades the Ganga kingdom to drive out the Ganga-</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; line-height: 1.42857; white-space: pre-wrap;">Chalukya Perumanadi, who had established himself </span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; line-height: 1.42857; white-space: pre-wrap;">there. To the latter's call marches Krishna III of Rashtrakutas. Chola king </span><span style="background-color: white;">wins Takkolam battle against Rashtrakutas, but killed by a deception plot)</span></span></li>
<li><span style="background-color: white; font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">Kandaraditha Chola. 950-957 (loses North Thondainadu to Rashtrakutas, however blocks the Rashtrakuta flood at the Cheyyar - Palar confluence; Madurai claims independence) </span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="background-color: white;">Arinjaya Chola</span><span style="background-color: white;">. 956-957 </span></span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="background-color: white;"><b>Sundara Chola</b></span><span style="background-color: white;">. 957-970. </span><span style="background-color: white;">(965 -crown-prince Aditha Karikala kills Veerapandiya and annexes Madurai; 967 -he also drives Rashtrakutas away beyond Kolar after the 17 years siege of Northwest Thondainadu; 969 -prince Rajaraja annexes most of Srilanka except Ruhuna to the Chola empire)</span></span></li>
<li><span style="background-color: white; font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><b>(Aditha Karikala Aathondai kovinko) </b>967-970 (murdered by ?Pandyan rebels)</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="background-color: white;"><b>Uttama Chola </b></span><span style="background-color: white;"><b>Maduranthakan </b>"Beema Chola". 970-985</span></span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;"><b>Rajaraja Chola I </b>aka<b> Kaalakaala II.</b></span><span style="background-color: white;"> 985-1014. (975 -completes the conquests of Pandya, Chera, and Kongu; 985 -annexes Laccadives and Gangas; 987 -quenches new rebellions in Tambapanni/Srilanka; 988-991 -Vengi annexed; 992<a href="https://archive.org/stream/historyofmaratha01kincuoft/historyofmaratha01kincuoft_djvu.txt" target="_blank">*#</a> -Chalukya Tailappa is defeated in many of his strongholds and repulsed beyond Raichur into the core of Western Chalukya territory; 1000, 1002 -Chalukya Satyasraya driven away beyond Kolhapur and Pandharpur, to the mountains beyond northern origins of river Manjra, cornered and forced to submit to and accept Rajaraja Chola's overlord-ship; <span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; line-height: 1.42857; white-space: pre-wrap;"> Chalukyan inscriptions complain: "the Cholas then overran Maharashtra, <span style="line-height: 1.42857;">pillaged it, and spared neither women, children nor Brahmans<a href="https://archive.org/stream/historyofmaratha01kincuoft/historyofmaratha01kincuoft_djvu.txt" target="_blank">#</a>"; </span></span>after a period of restrictions of 3 years, he is benevolently allowed to continue to rule northern and central parts of the Chalukya kingdom as a subordinate with due monthly tributes to Tanjore; 989 -Tamil merchant guild is established in the port of Barus, on the west coast of North Sumatra; 1013-1015 -first Chola mission to the Song king in China) </span></span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><img src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/proxy/AVvXsEiiZ9hcdB4jXFDJsAFVQPboalGp4EHeJdDo0gRQT0m-2rur-d54EkIkJFH6y3huTiNv6JFl8-sqFYwZUmsRHVush7AKZMHfQO5QS5Ygyall8mhhmEyWqjl0T19tYOhY4lXXq61oMslTAZbknVIRsY-D3QVRmMH-7MESIYSSaQXW87XmQcmvDR8M32VNs3UkPR70NN6D5j2lUPTbmwF0AmmFzEmjCc3aFL5xPdp18D6YcMIWDI3NnSy9EutAvgW4QIsHB3asbCJC37jJsbN_1pKo_o72ke37R_Zl=w379-h388-nc" /></span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><b>Rajendra Chola I Soora-marthanda.</b><span style="background-color: white;"> 1012-1047 </span><span style="background-color: white;">(1014-1017 -annexes Maldives and completes the Chola conquest of the entire Srilankan island; Chola-Pandya governors appointed in Madurai; 1020-1021 -Jayasimha II of Chalukyas refuse to pay tributes and claim Manyakheta again, provoking Rajendra to send his armies to the the Chalukya capital and simultaneously to Vengi as well; Jayasimha routed in both fronts, and dealt severely; the clans of Nolambas and Kadambas of Hangal who were the allies of Chalukyas in these battles were terminated; boundaries of the Chola empire extended across and beyond the Bhima and Manjra river banks, into the core of Western Chalukyas; Chola annexes Banavasi, Raichur (Edaichura), Kalaburugi (Gulburga), the capital Manyakhet, Rattapadi, Bhatkal and Kolhapur, and pushes the Chalukyas into their northern frontiers for their safety; Vengi, Manyakheta, Konkana, Bellary, Kadamba, Nolamba, Uchchangi, Hoysala, Ganga, Chera, Pandya and Srilanka become integral provinces of the Imperial Cholas; 1022-33 -annexes North Godavari, Bastar, Kalinga, Sakkarakottam, Bihar, Bengal defeating Mahipala, and kings of Kamboja Pala, Dandabhukti and of Chandra dynasty; 1025-1026 -<b style="line-height: 22.3999996185303px;">naval expedition</b><span style="line-height: 22.3999996185303px;"> to </span>Indochina<span style="line-height: 22.3999996185303px;">, the </span>Malay Peninsula<span style="line-height: 22.3999996185303px;"> and </span>Indonesia<span style="line-height: 22.3999996185303px;"> in 1025: </span>after the <span style="line-height: 22.3999996185303px;">Khmer king </span>Suryavarman I<span style="line-height: 22.3999996185303px;"> requested Chola aid </span><span style="line-height: 22.3999996185303px;">against </span><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tambralinga" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #0b0080; line-height: 22.3999996185303px; text-decoration: none;" title="Tambralinga">Tambralinga</a><span style="line-height: 22.3999996185303px;"> kingd</span><span style="color: #252525; line-height: 22.3999996185303px;">om,</span><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Kenneth_R._Hall_1975_pp._318-336_8-0" style="color: #252525; line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South-East_Asia_campaign_of_Rajendra_Chola_I#cite_note-Kenneth_R._Hall_1975_pp._318-336-8" style="background: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap;">*</a></sup><span style="color: #252525; line-height: 22.3999996185303px;"> the latter sought from the Srivijaya <span style="line-height: 22.3999996185303px;">King</span><span style="line-height: 22.3999996185303px;"> </span><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sangrama_Vijayatunggavarman" style="background: none; color: #0b0080; line-height: 22.3999996185303px; text-decoration: none;" title="Sangrama Vijayatunggavarman">Sangrama Vijayottunggavarman</a>,</span><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Kenneth_R._Hall_1975_pp._318-336_8-1" style="color: #252525; line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South-East_Asia_campaign_of_Rajendra_Chola_I#cite_note-Kenneth_R._Hall_1975_pp._318-336-8" style="background: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap;">*</a>|</sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-C._Majumdar_1961_pp._338-342_9-0" style="color: #252525; line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South-East_Asia_campaign_of_Rajendra_Chola_I#cite_note-C._Majumdar_1961_pp._338-342-9" style="background: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap;">*</a></sup><span style="color: #252525; line-height: 22.3999996185303px;"> <span style="line-height: 22.3999996185303px;">who was captured; the Chola armada </span><span style="line-height: 22.3999996185303px;">took large heaps of treasures including the Vidhyadara Torana, the jewelled 'war gate' of Srivijaya adorned with great splendour,</span><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Kulke_11-1" style="line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chola_invasion_of_Srivijaya#cite_note-Kulke-11" style="background: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap;">[*]</a></sup><span style="line-height: 22.3999996185303px;">plundering the royal palace of Palembang and taking the kingand his family as hostages; the Cholas launched successive attacks on other Srivijayan ports -</span><span style="line-height: 22.3999996185303px;"> </span><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Melayu_Kingdom" style="background: none; color: #0b0080; line-height: 22.3999996185303px; text-decoration: none;" title="Melayu Kingdom">Malayu</a><span style="line-height: 22.3999996185303px;">, Tumasik,</span><span style="line-height: 22.3999996185303px;"> </span><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pannai" style="background: none; color: #0b0080; line-height: 22.3999996185303px; text-decoration: none;" title="Pannai">Pannai</a><span style="line-height: 22.3999996185303px;"> </span><span style="line-height: 22.3999996185303px;">and the port of Kadaram (Kedah).</span>; the war ended with grand victories for the Chola and </span><span style="color: #252525; line-height: 22.3999996185303px;">major losses for the </span>Sri Vijaya<span style="color: #252525; line-height: 22.3999996185303px;"> Empire and the </span><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tambralinga" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #0b0080; line-height: 22.3999996185303px; text-decoration: none;" title="Tambralinga">Tambralinga</a><span style="color: #252525; line-height: 22.3999996185303px;"> kingdom; </span><span style="color: #252525; line-height: 22.3999996185303px;">1030 -victory </span><span style="color: #252525; line-height: 22.3999996185303px;">over 13 countries including Madamalingam (or Tambralinga)</span><span style="color: #252525; line-height: 22.3999996185303px;">, Mevilimbangam (or Palembang) (vide Thanjavur Peruvudaiyar Koil inscriptions, Jue-Tang-Chu and Sin-Tang-chu chronicles in</span><span style="color: #252525; line-height: 22.3999996185303px;"> </span><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ming_dynasty" style="background: none; color: #0b0080; line-height: 22.3999996185303px; text-decoration: none;" title="Ming dynasty">Ming</a><span style="color: #252525; line-height: 22.3999996185303px;"> </span><span style="color: #252525; line-height: 22.3999996185303px;">period), </span><span style="color: #252525; line-height: 22.3999996185303px;">To-Po-Teng (South Thailand), To-Mo-Sang island (<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Temasek" style="background: none; color: #0b0080; line-height: 22.3999996185303px; text-decoration: none;" title="Temasek">Temasek</a><span style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: black; line-height: 22.3999996185303px;"> or </span><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Singapore" style="background: none; color: #0b0080; line-height: 22.3999996185303px; text-decoration: none;" title="Singapore">Singapore</a>), and <span style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: black; line-height: 22.3999996185303px;">Poli or Poling, Mali or Maling - Danmaling the <span style="color: #252525; line-height: 22.3999996185303px;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nakhon_Si_Thammarat" style="background: none; color: #0b0080; line-height: 22.3999996185303px; text-decoration: none;" title="Nakhon Si Thammarat">Nakorn Sri Dharmaraj</a> city of </span>Tambralinga, <span style="color: #252525; line-height: 22.3999996185303px;">its frontiers bordering Chen-La (Khmer)</span>; 1033-34 -further expeditions leading to the conquests of </span></span>Andaman, Nicobar,</span><span style="background-color: white; color: #252525; line-height: 26.3999996185303px;"> West and </span>South Burma, Southern Thailand<span style="background-color: white; color: #252525; line-height: 26.3999996185303px;"> and </span>Indonesia, after defeating the king of Mandalay; the empire extracts annual tributes from these kings from Indonesia to Burma, and from Prayag to Angkor Wat, who were under direct Chola suzerainty till 1078 CE, and as <span style="background-color: white; color: #252525; line-height: 22.3999996185303px;">tribute paying subordinates and trade partners an arrangement that lasted till the times of Kulothunga-III and to a limited extent, of Raja Raja-III</span>; 1017-1026 -aids king Bhoja Paramara of Ujjain in thwarting and driving away Mahmud of Ghazni in his last few invasions; quells a rebellion by Kassapa in Srilanka; 1030-1033 -second Chola mission to China)</span></li>
</ul>
<ul style="text-align: left;">
<li><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="background-color: white;"><b>Rajadhiraja Chola</b></span><span style="background-color: white;"><b>.</b> 1044-1054 (the Chalukya Ahava<span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; line-height: 1.42857; white-space: pre-wrap;">malla Someswara I spent his reign in a ceaseless </span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; line-height: 1.42857; white-space: pre-wrap;">struggle against Chola aggression. The Chola empire now- </span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; line-height: 1.42857; white-space: pre-wrap;">extended in a half circle round the Chalukya kingdom. Ahava</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; line-height: 1.42857; white-space: pre-wrap;">mala therefore m</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; line-height: 1.42857; white-space: pre-wrap;">oved his capital from Yatagiri (30 miles south <span style="line-height: 1.42857;">of Malkhed) to Kalyan, the modern Kalyani in the Nizam's </span></span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; line-height: 1.42857; white-space: pre-wrap;">dominions; the Chola king </span>wins many battles against Someswara I on Tungabhadra and Krishna banks; but in the <span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; line-height: 1.42857; white-space: pre-wrap;">battle of Koppam (1052)</span></span><span style="background-color: white;">just after securing the victory, <span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; line-height: 1.42857; white-space: pre-wrap;">Rajadhiraja falls to a loose arrow; </span></span><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="line-height: 18.5714px; white-space: pre-wrap;">Chalukyas claim that the Cholas lost Banavasi in the ensuing confusion</span></span><span style="background-color: white;">)</span></span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;"><b>Rajendra Chola II.</b> </span><span style="background-color: white;"> 1051-1063 (crowned in the battlefield, after his brother the king dies; wins battles when Cholas invade Chalukyas; )</span></span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;"><b>Rajamahendra Chola. </b>1057-1063 </span><span style="background-color: white;">(wins battles when Cholas invade Chalukyas, dies in the last one)</span></span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><b>Virarajendra Chola Keertivartana</b>.<span style="background-color: white;"> 1063-1070 (1063 -Aha<span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; line-height: 1.42857; white-space: pre-wrap;">va</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; line-height: 1.42857; white-space: pre-wrap;">mala was defeated first at Bejwada </span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="line-height: 1.42857; white-space: pre-wrap;">and afterwards at Kudal Sangam, the junction of the Krishna </span></span><span style="color: #333333; line-height: 1.42857; white-space: pre-wrap;">and the Tungabhadra; </span><span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; line-height: 1.42857; white-space: pre-wrap;">annexes Kalyani and northern core provinces of Chalukya, beyond Godavari, upto Vidharbha and river Wardha; 1065 -Someswara I pleads truce with Virarajendra; 1067 -the emperor sends Chola prince Thivakaala Rajendra (future Kulothunga I) as the governor of Srivijaya of Palembang, who later visits the Imperial court of China as the ambassador of the Tamil empire; 1068 -sends a successful naval expedition to Kedah to quell rebellion and appoint Srivijaya king in-charge of the province; 1068 -</span><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="line-height: 18.5714px; white-space: pre-wrap;">Ahavamalla Someswara I</span></span><span style="color: #333333; line-height: 1.42857; white-space: pre-wrap;"> sends an signed letter to </span></span></span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333;"><span style="line-height: 1.42857; white-space: pre-wrap;">the Chola king inviting him to meet him again at Kudal Sangam, but he prefers </span><span style="line-height: 18.5714px; white-space: pre-wrap;">a subjectively dignified end by drowning himself in the River Krishna, rather than extending his humiliating losing streak; 1069 -Someswara II and Vikramaditya I fights for their Chalukya throne; Vikramaditya I submits to the Chola emperor and seeks his help -</span><span style="line-height: 1.42857; white-space: pre-wrap;">Vikramaditya </span><span style="line-height: 18.5714px; white-space: pre-wrap;">had already deterred</span><span style="line-height: 1.42857; white-space: pre-wrap;"> to Vira</span><span style="line-height: 1.42857; white-space: pre-wrap;">rajendra's camp at Kudal Sangam and obtain his promise </span><span style="line-height: 1.42857; white-space: pre-wrap;">of help against Someshwara</span><span style="line-height: 18.5714px; white-space: pre-wrap;">; the Chola emperor invades</span><span style="line-height: 1.42857; white-space: pre-wrap;"> the <span style="line-height: 18.5714px;">Someshwara's side of </span>Chalukya country and burns down Kampili<a href="https://archive.org/stream/historyofmaratha01kincuoft/historyofmaratha01kincuoft_djvu.txt" target="_blank">##</a></span><span style="line-height: 18.5714px; white-space: pre-wrap;">; the Chola make him king of Kalyani, and </span><span style="line-height: 33.4682px; white-space: pre-wrap;">both sides enter into a bizarre and transient marital relationship by </span><span style="line-height: 40.9166px; white-space: pre-wrap;">exchanging princesses</span><span style="background-color: white;"><span style="line-height: 18.5714px; white-space: pre-wrap;"> as </span><span style="line-height: 33.4682px; white-space: pre-wrap;">a purported mark to the beginning of a short-lasting independence for the Chalukyas, after </span><span style="line-height: 18.5714px; white-space: pre-wrap;">the 80 year long </span></span></span><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="line-height: 33.4682px; white-space: pre-wrap;">Chola occupation of the Chalukyan homeland of what is now Bijapur and Gulburga)</span></span></span></li>
</ul>
<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">VENGI CHOLAS</span><br />
<ul style="text-align: left;">
<li><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="background-color: white;"><b>Kulothunga Chola I Rajendrasaalangayanjozha Thivakaala</b><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chola_invasion_of_Srivijaya"><b>*</b></a></span><span style="background-color: white;">. 1070-1120 (grandson of Virarajendra and son of Vengi king (Eastern Chalukya) and Chola princess; invited and crowned by popular vote, after crown-prince Athirajendra invites and hands back the conquered Gulburga and Uttar Kannada territories to Vikramaditya VI Chalukya, his brother-in-law against Emperor Virarajendra's interests; 1071-1072 -regains Kolar, Gangavadi, Tungabhadra, and Kalyani, with the aid of Vengi chief and Vikramaditya VI is routed, captured and pardoned as he is also a Chola son-in-law and is made a petty governor of Bellary<a href="http://www.gloriousindia.com/history/chalukya_dynasty.html">*</a>; 1076 -when Cholas are absorbed in quenching Pandyan rebellions, Vikramaditya VI declares independence and is let off to slowly reclaim Kalyani, Raichur and Bellary; 1075-1077 -third Chola mission to China; 1088 -establishes fourth and fifth merchant guilds in Burma and Sumatra; 1078 -Pandya and Srilanka (Tambapanni / Tamiraparani) momentarily rise to power, but laid siege upon and annhilated in 1080 and 1084 respectively; kings Sundarapandya and Vijayabahu I flee to Agastyamalai and Wakirigala (near Ruhuna) respectively; 1092 -lose Vengi momentaily to Chalukyas; in a few months Cholas under prince Vikramachola regain and annex the lost frontiers of Vengi(1092) and Madurai(1088,1096), and win many battles along Bellary(1089,1092) and Raichur and Koppal(1098,1101); 1102 -Sinhalese king regain Polonnaruwa; 1110 -the famed conquest of Kalinga; 1115 -Chalukyas raid and siege Talakkadu, when the prince was away to the Chola capital to visit the ailing emperor)</span></span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;"><b>Vikrama Chola.</b></span><span style="background-color: white;"> 1118-1135 (1118 -places a Chola governors in Kalinga and Vengi; invades Chalukyas who lose Tumkur and ?Vanavasi forever; 1120 -brings the remaining of Pandya (in the far south) and Chera again under the Cholas; 1118-1126 -Chalukya Vikramaditya VI occupies Vengi during Vikrama's coronation in the far south, but Cholas capture Vengi back after Vikramaditya's death, in 1126; 1121 -quells down Srilankan rebellions, the whole island (at times sans Ruhuna) is placed under Chola empire as a province, tributary or subordinate, or under Chola clans till 1266 CE with an interrugnum between 1153-1180 when the Chola domination was restricted to the lattitudes north of Polonnaruwa)</span></span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="background-color: white;"><b>Kulothunga Chola II Anabhaayan Kirumi-kanda Chola</b></span><span style="background-color: white;">. 1133-1150</span></span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="background-color: white;"><b>Rajaraja Chola II Kanagachola</b></span><span style="background-color: white;">. 1146-1173</span></span></li>
</ul>
<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">CENKANNMAR KONERINANMAIA CHOLAS</span><br />
<ul style="text-align: left;">
<li><span style="background-color: white; font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><b>Rajadhiraja II <b><span style="background-image: none;">Konerinanmaia</span></b> Chola</b>. 1166-1178</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><b><span style="background-color: white; background-image: none;">Kulothunga III Konerinanmaia </span><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">"Kaalakaala III" Chola</span></b><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">. 1178-1218 (1180 -Pandyas' resurgence thwarted and dealt severely; conquers Kalinga (1190) and Srilanka(1196); places his governors in Polonnaruwa)</span></span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="background-color: white;">Rajaraja Chola III</span><span style="background-color: white;">. 1216-1256 (1216 -Madurai independent again; 1223, 1225 and 1245 Pandyan invasions of Chola capital; 1256 -Kadava Pallava gain northern Chola territory)</span></span></li>
<li><span style="background-color: white; font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">Rajendra III Paadhira Chola. 1246-1279 (loses battles against Pandyas; 1268 -?Jatavarman Sundara Pandyan may have been killed in the final battle; 1272-1275 -Kadava Pallavas lay siege on Thanjavur)</span></li>
</ul>
</div>
<div>
<u style="font-weight: bold;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">Medieval Tamil Emperors / Rulers of Srilanka:</span></u></div>
<div>
<ul style="text-align: left;">
<li><span style="color: #252525; line-height: 26.3999996185303px;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><b>Paranthaka Chola </b>935-950.</span></span></li>
<li><span style="color: #252525; line-height: 26.3999996185303px;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><b>Rajaraja Chola </b> 969*-1014. (except Ruhuna)</span></span></li>
<li><span style="color: #252525; line-height: 26.3999996185303px;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><b>Rajendra Chola I to Virarajendra Chola. </b>1014-1077 (all of Sri Lanka)</span></span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><b>Vikramachola to Kulothunga II. </b>1121-1153 </span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">Kulothunga II to Kulothunga Chola III. <b> </b>1153-1180 (rule the land north of Polonnaruwa)</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><b>Kulothunga Chola III</b><b>. </b>1180-1197<b> </b>(unified the three Sinhala kingdoms of Ruhuna,<b> </b>Dakkinadesa (Malayarata) and Rajarata; direct rule initially and later installing his puppets)</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><b>Chodaganga</b> 1196-1197 (governor of Kulothunga Chola III)</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="background-color: white;"><b>Anikanga</b> 1209-1210 (</span><span style="background-color: white;">governor of Kulothunga Chola III)</span></span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="background-color: white;"><b>Lokissara / Ulageeswara Arikulamasitha Eyina-chozhiyan</b> 1210-1211 (</span><span style="background-color: white;">governor of Kulothunga Chola III)</span></span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><b>Parakrama Pandya</b> 1212-1215 (Pandyan prince and brother-in-law of Sundara Pandya)</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="background-color: white;"><b>Kaalingamaagan / Kalinga Magha</b> </span><span style="background-color: white;">1215-1222 (Chola prince and nephew of Kulothunga Chola III; originally a Chola governor of Kalinga; reign over Jaffna, Rajarata, Dakkinadesa Mayarata </span><span style="background-color: white;">and Dambadeniya; 1222-1236 -upto Polonnaruwa; 1236-1255 -upto Vavunia; 1255 -in his 70th year of age, is dethroned by the invading <span style="color: #252525; line-height: 22.3999996185303px;"><b> </b>Tambralinga king of South Thailand</span> Chandrabhanu Sridhamaraja) </span></span></li>
<li><span style="background-color: white; font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">Mahindantaka 1236-1260 (southern kingdom of Polonnaruwa; son-in-law of Kaalingamaaga); 1247 -thwarts an invasion by <span style="color: #252525; line-height: 22.3999996185303px;">Chandrabhanu Sridhamaraja king of Tambralinga, and drives them down to Dambadeniya)</span> </span></li>
<li><span style="background-color: white; font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">Jayabahuchozhiya 1260-1266 (son of Magindantaka; reign from Polonnaruwa seat of Rajarata)</span></li>
<li><span style="background-color: white; font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><div style="color: #252525; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-top: 0.5em;">
<span style="line-height: 22.3999996185303px;"><b>Jatavarman Sundara Pandyan</b> 1258-1268 (invades on the request of the Sinhala Ruhuna king to check Chandrabhanu Tambralinga, and make his North Srilankan kingdom a tributary to Pandya; a second attempt by Chandrabhanu to invade from the north prompts the Prince <b>Jatavarman Veera Pandyan I</b>, brother of emperor to intervene in 1262-1264; Chandrabhanu was killed; Savakanmaindan ("son of Java" the prince of Javanese - Tambralinga kingdom with a classical Tamil name -suggesting Tamil as lingua franca in Java and/or Tambralingam), his son, </span><span style="line-height: 22.3999996185303px;">eventually submits</span><span style="line-height: 10.1818180084229px;"> </span><span style="line-height: 22.3999996185303px;">an</span><span style="line-height: 22.3999996185303px;">d is allowed to retain control of the Jaffna kingdom)</span></div>
</span></li>
<li><div style="color: #252525; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-top: 0.5em;">
<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="line-height: 22.3999996185303px;"><b>Maravarman Kulasekara Pandyan I</b> 1268-1302 (1274 -w</span><span style="line-height: 22.3999996185303px;">hen Saavakamaindan embarks on another invasion of the south Ruhuna, the Pandya king</span><span style="line-height: 22.3999996185303px;"> </span><span style="line-height: 22.3999996185303px;"> </span><span style="line-height: 22.3999996185303px;">again invades and defeats him, and </span><span style="line-height: 22.3999996185303px;">eventually installs one of their ministers</span><span style="line-height: 22.3999996185303px;"> </span>Kulasekara Cinkaiariyan<span style="line-height: 22.3999996185303px;">, an</span><span style="line-height: 22.3999996185303px;"> </span>Aryacakravarti<span style="line-height: 22.3999996185303px;"> </span><span style="line-height: 22.3999996185303px;">as the King of Jaffna and Konamalai; 1277-84 -Pandyas under Cinkaiariyan invades Yapahuwa the Sinhala capital, destroys the city and takes away the famed Buddha's tooth relic to South India, and direct Pandya rule continues till at least 1303 in Dambadeniya)</span></span></div>
</li>
<li><div style="color: #252525; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-top: 0.5em;">
<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="line-height: 22.3999996185303px;">Kulasekara Cinkaiariyan (start of the<span style="line-height: 22.3999996185303px;"> </span>Aryacakravarti dynas</span><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;"><span style="line-height: 22.3999996185303px;">ty </span><span style="line-height: 22.3999996185303px;">(1288-1619))</span></span></span></div>
</li>
<li><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif; line-height: 22.3999996185303px;">1300-1303 (?Jaffna Tamil king's invasion and destruction of the Sinhalese capital Polonnaruwa; Sinhalese driven southwest)</span></span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;"><span style="line-height: 22.3999996185303px;">1341-1344 </span></span><span style="line-height: 22.3999996185303px;">(?Jaffna Tamil</span><span style="line-height: 22.3999996185303px;"> </span><span style="line-height: 22.3999996185303px;">king's</span><span style="line-height: 22.3999996185303px;"> invasion and destruction of the Sinhala capital Karunegala; Sinhalese seat moved further south near the safer mountains)</span></span></li>
<ul>
<li><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="line-height: 35.3824996948242px;">1350-55 -</span><span style="background-color: white; color: #252525;"><span style="line-height: 26.3999996185303px;"><b style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: 0px; font-size: 16px; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 26.3999996185303px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Alagakkonara</b><span style="line-height: 26.3999996185303px;"> </span><span style="line-height: 26.3999996185303px;">or </span><b style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: 0px; font-size: 16px; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 26.3999996185303px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Alakakkōṉ</b><span style="line-height: 26.3999996185303px;">(</span><a href="https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tamil_language" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: 0px; color: #5a3696; font-size: 16px; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 26.3999996185303px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;" title="Tamil language">Tamil</a><span style="line-height: 26.3999996185303px;">) or </span><b style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: 0px; font-size: 16px; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 26.3999996185303px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Allegakoen aka </b>Alakesvara, a minister of the local king Vickramabahu III; </span><span style="line-height: 35.2824974060059px;">a third generation powerful chief from a family of Tamil nobles from Kanchipuram</span><span style="line-height: 26.3999996185303px;">; fortified a marshy region around present day </span></span><a href="https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Colombo" style="background-color: white; background-image: none; border: 0px; color: #5a3696; font-size: 16px; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 26.3999996185303px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;" title="Colombo">Colombo</a><span style="line-height: 35.3824996948242px;"> </span><span style="background-color: white; color: #252525; line-height: 26.3999996185303px;">region, on the marshes to the south of the </span><a href="https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kelani_River" style="background-color: white; background-image: none; border: 0px; color: #5a3696; font-size: 16px; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 26.3999996185303px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;" title="Kelani River">Kelani River</a><span style="line-height: 35.3824996948242px;">; </span><span style="background-color: white; color: #252525; line-height: 26.3999996185303px;">called the fortress Jayewardhanapura </span><i style="background-color: white; background-image: none; border: 0px; color: #252525; font-size: 16px; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 26.3999996185303px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Kotte</i><span style="background-color: white; color: #252525; line-height: 26.3999996185303px;">, "The fort"; 1369 Alakesvara drove out the <span style="line-height: 26.3999996185303px;">invaders</span> from Jaffna kingdom. </span><span style="background-color: white; color: #252525; line-height: 26.3999996185303px;">The Arya Chakaravarthi launched a second invasion attempt during the reign of Buwanekabahu V, landing in the southern kingdom by land and sea. Although the Sinhala king initially fled his capital, </span><span style="background-color: white;"><span style="color: #252525;"><span style="line-height: 26.3999996185303px;">Alakeshwara </span><span style="line-height: 35.2824974060059px;">crowns himself as the king of the southern island, </span><span style="line-height: 26.3999996185303px;">simultaneously attacks the troops that arrived by sea, routing them at </span></span></span><a href="https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dematagoda" style="background-color: white; background-image: none; border: 0px; color: #5a3696; font-size: 16px; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 26.3999996185303px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;" title="Dematagoda">Dematagoda</a><span style="background-color: white; color: #252525; line-height: 26.3999996185303px;">, and destroying their ships at </span><a href="https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Panadura" style="background-color: white; background-image: none; border: 0px; color: #5a3696; font-size: 16px; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 26.3999996185303px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;" title="Panadura">Panadura</a></span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #252525; line-height: 26.3999996185303px;">Kumara Alakesvara, half-brother of king Buwanekabahu V</span><span style="background-color: white; color: #252525; line-height: 12px;"> </span><span style="background-color: white; color: #252525; line-height: 26.3999996185303px;">controlled the region from 1386–87 </span><span style="color: #252525;"><span style="line-height: 35.2824974060059px;">and 1391-1399</span></span></span></li>
</ul>
<li><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="line-height: 35.3824996948242px;">Vira Alakeswara </span><span style="line-height: 41.8737487792969px;">1387-1391; 1399-1414 (</span><span style="line-height: 35.3824996948242px;">defeats Vanni chiefs and Jaffna patnam; 1405 -defeats, humiliates, pardons and drives away the invading Chinese Ming Admiral Zheng He and his huge imperial fleets; 1411 -Zheng He returns again with bigger barbaric fleets, raids Colombo and Kotte, and treacherously kidnaps members of royal family, and Alakeswara is forced to come down; it is rumored an unknown general disguised as the local king was taken away by Zheng He to China and returned back after a year following interventions of the still powerful Tamil guilds of Yunnan and Nanjing; Alakeswara continued to rule for the next three years after Zheng He's raid)</span></span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;"><span style="line-height: 22.3999996185303px;">1408 (?Jaffna Tamil</span></span><span style="line-height: 22.3999996185303px;"> </span><span style="line-height: 22.3999996185303px;">king's</span><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;"><span style="line-height: 22.3999996185303px;"> </span></span><span style="line-height: 22.3999996185303px;">invasion and destruction of the Sinhala capital</span><span style="line-height: 22.3999996185303px;"> Gampola) </span></span></li>
<li><span style="line-height: 22.3999996185303px;"><span style="background: none rgb(255 , 255 , 255); border: 0px; color: #252525; font-size: 16px; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 26.3999996185303px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #252525; line-height: 26.3999996185303px;"><span style="line-height: 26.3999996185303px;"><span style="line-height: 26.3999996185303px;"><span style="color: black; font-weight: normal; line-height: 22.3999996185303px;"><b style="background: none rgb(255, 255, 255); border: 0px; color: #252525; font-size: 16px; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 26.3999996185303px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="color: #252525; line-height: 26.3999996185303px;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif; line-height: 26.3999996185303px;"><span style="font-weight: normal; line-height: 26.3999996185303px;">1435, a South Indian invasion from the </span><a href="https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vijayanagara_Empire" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: 0px; color: #5a3696; font-size: 16px; font-stretch: inherit; font-weight: normal; line-height: 26.3999996185303px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;" title="Vijayanagara Empire">Vijayanagara Empire</a><span style="font-weight: normal; line-height: 26.3999996185303px;">, is recorded </span></span></span></b></span></span></span></span></span></span></li>
<li><span style="line-height: 22.3999996185303px;"><span style="background: none rgb(255 , 255 , 255); border: 0px; color: #252525; font-size: 16px; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 26.3999996185303px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #252525; line-height: 26.3999996185303px;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif; line-height: 26.3999996185303px;"><span style="line-height: 26.3999996185303px;"><span style="color: black; font-weight: normal; line-height: 22.3999996185303px;"><b style="background: none rgb(255, 255, 255); border: 0px; color: #252525; font-size: 16px; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 26.3999996185303px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="color: #252525; line-height: 26.3999996185303px;"><span style="line-height: 26.3999996185303px;">Senbaga Perumal aka </span></span></b></span><span style="background: none rgb(255 , 255 , 255); border: 0px; color: #252525; font-size: 16px; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 26.3999996185303px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="color: #252525; line-height: 26.3999996185303px;"><span style="font-weight: normal;">Sapumal Kumaraya. 1449-1467 (a native Tamil from the East; </span></span></span>expedition to Adriampet in modern </span><a href="https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_India" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: 0px; color: #5a3696; font-size: 16px; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 26.3999996185303px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;" title="South India">Sou</a><a href="https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_India" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: 0px; color: #5a3696; font-size: 16px; font-stretch: inherit; font-weight: normal; line-height: 26.3999996185303px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;" title="South India">th India</a><span style="font-weight: normal; line-height: 26.3999996185303px;">, triggered by the seizure of a Lankan ship laden with </span><a href="https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cinnamon" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: 0px; color: #5a3696; font-size: 16px; font-stretch: inherit; font-weight: normal; line-height: 26.3999996185303px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;" title="Cinnamon">cinnamon</a><b>; conquest of Jaffna; </b><span style="font-weight: normal; line-height: 26.3999996185303px;">skirmishes with Arikesari Parakrama Pandya of </span><a href="https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tirunelveli" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: 0px; color: #5a3696; font-size: 16px; font-stretch: inherit; font-weight: normal; line-height: 26.3999996185303px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;" title="Tirunelveli">Tinnevelly</a><span style="font-weight: normal; line-height: 26.3999996185303px;"> who supported when </span><a href="https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kanakasooriya_Cinkaiariyan" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: 0px; color: #5a3696; font-size: 16px; font-stretch: inherit; font-weight: normal; line-height: 26.3999996185303px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;" title="Kanakasooriya Cinkaiariyan">Kanakasooriya Cinkaiariyan</a><span style="font-weight: normal; line-height: 26.3999996185303px;"> the Aryacakravarti king fled to South India añd returned to power after 1467)</span></span></span></span></span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="line-height: 22.3999996185303px;"><b style="background: none rgb(255, 255, 255); border: 0px; color: #252525; font-size: 16px; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 26.3999996185303px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #252525; line-height: 26.3999996185303px;"><span style="line-height: 26.3999996185303px;">Senbaga Perumal aka </span></span></b></span><b style="background: none rgb(255, 255, 255); border: 0px; color: #252525; font-size: 16px; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 26.3999996185303px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #252525; line-height: 26.3999996185303px;">Sapumal Kumaraya</span><span style="background-color: white; color: #252525; font-weight: normal; line-height: 26.3999996185303px;"> ascended the Kotte throne under the name of Bhuvanaika Bahu VI. (c. A.D. 1472–1480) (</span></b><span style="background-color: white; color: #252525; line-height: 26.3999996185303px;">built the </span><a href="https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nallur_Kandaswamy_temple" style="background: none rgb(255, 255, 255); border: 0px; color: #5a3696; font-size: 16px; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 26.3999996185303px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;" title="Nallur Kandaswamy temple">Nallur Kandaswamy temple</a><span style="background-color: white; color: #252525; line-height: 26.3999996185303px;"> in </span><a href="https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jaffna" style="background: none rgb(255, 255, 255); border: 0px; color: #5a3696; font-size: 16px; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 26.3999996185303px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;" title="Jaffna">Jaffna</a><span style="background-color: white; color: #252525; line-height: 26.3999996185303px;"> as well as other Temples and Buddhist Vihares in the South; put down rebellions against him)</span></span></li>
<li><span style="line-height: 22.3999996185303px;"><b style="background: none rgb(255, 255, 255); border: 0px; color: #252525; font-size: 16px; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 26.3999996185303px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #252525; font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif; font-weight: normal; line-height: 26.3999996185303px;">Pandita Parakrama Bahu VII</span></b></span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif; line-height: 22.3999996185303px;"><b style="background: none rgb(255, 255, 255); border: 0px; color: #252525; font-size: 16px; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 26.3999996185303px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Parakramabahu VIII</b><span style="background-color: white; color: #252525; line-height: 26.3999996185303px;"> (also known as Ambulagala Kumara) was King of </span><a href="https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kingdom_of_Kotte" style="background: none rgb(255, 255, 255); border: 0px; color: #5a3696; font-size: 16px; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 26.3999996185303px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;" title="Kingdom of Kotte">Kotte</a> <span style="background-color: white; color: #252525; line-height: 26.3999996185303px;">in the fifteenth century, who ruled from 1484 to 1518.</span></span></li>
<li><span style="line-height: 22.3999996185303px;"><b style="background: none rgb(255, 255, 255); border: 0px; color: #252525; font-size: 16px; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 26.3999996185303px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-weight: normal; line-height: 26.3999996185303px;"><b style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: 0px; font-size: 16px; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 26.3999996185303px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #252525; font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif; font-weight: normal; line-height: 26.3999996185303px;"><b style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: 0px; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 26.3999996185303px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Dharma Parakramabahu IX</b><span style="line-height: 26.3999996185303px;"> was King of </span><a href="https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kingdom_of_Kotte" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: 0px; color: #5a3696; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 26.3999996185303px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;" title="Kingdom of Kotte">Kotte</a><span style="line-height: 26.3999996185303px;"> in the sixteenth century, who ruled from 1508/09 to 1528</span></span></b></span></b></span></li>
<li><span style="line-height: 22.3999996185303px;"><b style="background: none rgb(255, 255, 255); border: 0px; color: #252525; font-size: 16px; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 26.3999996185303px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif; font-weight: normal; line-height: 26.3999996185303px;"><b style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: 0px; font-size: 16px; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 26.3999996185303px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><b style="background: none rgb(255, 255, 255); border: 0px; color: #252525; font-size: 16px; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 26.3999996185303px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Vijayabahu VII</b><span style="background-color: white; color: #252525; font-weight: normal; line-height: 26.3999996185303px;"> was the son of Vira Parakrama Bahu VIII, who was an adopted child of Parakrama Bahu VI who founded Kotte</span></b></span></b></span></li>
<li><span style="line-height: 22.3999996185303px;"><b style="background: none rgb(255, 255, 255); border: 0px; color: #252525; font-size: 16px; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 26.3999996185303px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-weight: normal; line-height: 26.3999996185303px;"><b style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: 0px; font-size: 16px; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 26.3999996185303px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #252525; font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif; font-weight: normal; line-height: 26.3999996185303px;"><a class="mw-redirect" href="https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bhuvanekabahu_VII_of_Sri_Lanka" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: 0px; color: #5a3696; font-size: 16px; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 26.3999996185303px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;" title="Bhuvanekabahu VII of Sri Lanka">Bhuvanekabahu</a><span style="line-height: 26.3999996185303px;"> VII king of Kotte from 1521 to 1551</span></span></b></span></b></span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="line-height: 22.3999996185303px;"><b style="background: none rgb(255, 255, 255); border: 0px; color: #252525; font-size: 16px; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 26.3999996185303px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-weight: normal; line-height: 26.3999996185303px;"><b style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: 0px; font-size: 16px; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 26.3999996185303px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #252525; font-weight: normal; line-height: 26.3999996185303px;"><b style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: 0px; font-size: 16px; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 26.3999996185303px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Mayadunne</b><span style="line-height: 26.3999996185303px;"> </span><span style="line-height: 26.3999996185303px;">(1521–1581) king of the </span><a href="https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kingdom_of_Sitawaka" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: 0px; color: #5a3696; font-size: 16px; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 26.3999996185303px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;" title="Kingdom of Sitawaka">Kingdom of Sitawaka</a><span style="line-height: 26.3999996185303px;">, ruled for 60 years; defeats </span></span></b></span></b></span><span style="background-color: white; color: #252525; line-height: 26.3999996185303px;"><span style="line-height: 26.3999996185303px;">Veediye Bandara of Pelenda; </span>with the support of Weerasundera Mudali of Peradeniya, Rajasinha invaded in 1583 and chased Karalyadde Bandara king of Kandy</span></span></li>
<li><span style="line-height: 22.3999996185303px;"><b style="background: none rgb(255, 255, 255); border: 0px; color: #252525; font-size: 16px; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 26.3999996185303px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif; font-weight: normal; line-height: 26.3999996185303px;"><b style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: 0px; font-size: 16px; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 26.3999996185303px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #252525; font-weight: normal; line-height: 26.3999996185303px;">Raigam Bandara 1538, Mayadunne annexed the </span><a class="mw-redirect" href="https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kingdom_of_Raigama" style="background: none rgb(255, 255, 255); border: 0px; color: #5a3696; font-size: 16px; font-stretch: inherit; font-weight: normal; line-height: 26.3999996185303px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;" title="Kingdom of Raigama">Kingdom of Raigama</a></b></span></b></span></li>
<li><span style="line-height: 22.3999996185303px;"><b style="background: none rgb(255, 255, 255); border: 0px; color: #252525; font-size: 16px; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 26.3999996185303px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif; font-weight: normal; line-height: 26.3999996185303px;"><b style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: 0px; font-size: 16px; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 26.3999996185303px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><a href="https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dharmapala_of_Kotte" style="background: none rgb(255, 255, 255); border: 0px; color: #5a3696; font-size: 16px; font-stretch: inherit; font-weight: normal; line-height: 26.3999996185303px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: -webkit-center; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;" title="Dharmapala of Kotte">Dharmapala</a><br style="background-color: white; color: #252525; font-weight: normal; line-height: 26.3999996185303px; text-align: -webkit-center;" /><small style="background: none rgb(255, 255, 255); border: 0px; color: #252525; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-weight: normal; line-height: 26.3999996185303px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: -webkit-center; vertical-align: baseline;"><i style="background: none; border: 0px; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">(aka</i> Dom Joaõ Dharmapala)</small></b></span></b></span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="line-height: 22.3999996185303px;"><b style="background: none rgb(255, 255, 255); border: 0px; color: #252525; font-size: 16px; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 26.3999996185303px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-weight: normal; line-height: 26.3999996185303px;"><b style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: 0px; font-size: 16px; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 26.3999996185303px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Rajasinha I</b><span style="line-height: 26.3999996185303px;"> aka</span><span style="line-height: 26.3999996185303px;"> </span><b style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: 0px; font-size: 16px; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 26.3999996185303px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Tikiri Bandara</b><span style="line-height: 26.3999996185303px;"> </span><span style="line-height: 26.3999996185303px;">of the </span><a href="https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kingdom_of_Sitawaka" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: 0px; color: #5a3696; font-size: 16px; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 26.3999996185303px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;" title="Kingdom of Sitawaka">Kingdom of Sitawaka</a> 1581 to 1592: </span></b></span><span style="background-color: white; color: #252525; line-height: 26.3999996185303px;">conflicts with </span><a class="mw-redirect" href="https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buddhist" style="background: none rgb(255, 255, 255); border: 0px; color: #5a3696; font-size: 16px; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 26.3999996185303px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;" title="Buddhist">Buddhist</a><span style="background-color: white; color: #252525; line-height: 26.3999996185303px;"> monks; followed an anti-Buddhist line: </span><span style="color: #252525; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit;">remarkable siege at </span><a class="mw-redirect" href="https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Colombo_Fort" style="background-image: none; border: 0px; color: #5a3696; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;" title="Colombo Fort">Colombo <span style="background-color: white; color: #252525; line-height: 26.3999996185303px;">Portuguese </span>Fort</a>; <span style="color: #252525; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit;">settled </span><a class="mw-redirect" href="https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brahmans" style="background-image: none; border: 0px; color: #5a3696; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;" title="Brahmans">Brahmans</a><span style="color: #252525; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit;"> </span><span style="color: #252525; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit;">at significant</span><span style="color: #252525; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit;"> </span><a class="mw-redirect" href="https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buddhist" style="background-image: none; border: 0px; color: #5a3696; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;" title="Buddhist">Buddhist</a><span style="color: #252525; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit;"> </span><span style="color: #252525; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit;">sites such as</span><span style="color: #252525; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit;"> </span><a href="https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sigiriya" style="background-image: none; border: 0px; color: #5a3696; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;" title="Sigiriya">sigiriya</a><span style="color: #252525; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit;">,</span><span style="color: #252525; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit;"> </span><a class="mw-redirect" href="https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sri_pada" style="background-image: none; border: 0px; color: #5a3696; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;" title="Sri pada">sri pada</a><span style="color: #252525; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit;"> etc. Under the advice of </span><span style="color: #252525; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 26.3999996185303px;">a South Indian, named Aritta Kivendu </span><span style="color: #252525; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit;">Mannamperuma Mohottala, </span><span style="color: #252525; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 26.3999996185303px;">his chief advisor </span><span style="color: #252525; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit;">he razed many Buddhist religious sites to the ground; in the Sath korale region, a prince named Pothupala Bandara rebelled against Rajasinha with the support of Portuguese; all leaders who supported the rebellion were be headed; prelates were involved in an attempt to make Konappu Bandara the king of Kandy; the conspiracy was exposed leading to execution of hundreds of Buddhist prelates, 121 monks were killed by Rajasinha)</span></span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif; line-height: 22.3999996185303px;"><b style="background: none rgb(255, 255, 255); border: 0px; color: #252525; font-size: 16px; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 26.3999996185303px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Vimaladharmasuriya I of the kingdom of Kandy aka </b><b style="background: none rgb(255, 255, 255); border: 0px; color: #252525; font-size: 16px; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 26.3999996185303px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Konappu Bandara </b>1590-1604</span></li>
</ul>
<u style="font-weight: bold;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">Chola branch(es):</span></u><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">KONGU CHOLAS 1224-1303 CE</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;"><span style="background-color: white; font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">VAANARA CHOLARAYAS 1309-1538 CE </span></span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">after a 30 year obscurity</span></div>
<div>
<div>
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"> * Thiribhuvanaviradeva Chola (1309-1325 CE) from Gangaikondacholapuram (control:Tanjavur-Bhuvanagiri)</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"> * <b>Konerirayan / Konerinanmai kondachozhan II</b> (1325-1362 CE) from Thirunallam (Konerirajapuram) (controlled Tiruchi-Nagapatinam-Kanchi)</span><br />
<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><img src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/proxy/AVvXsEgenkcX5VBgz0jUNjO_iuPVxEZQid_F4tb_S8eVYBMS_4fR1l2IQ2hEIScKaK2BJj7FD3KAm2YRklASP4NpoDkt-cj_w6yVqxbOtN-IwRm5Qn2aG06lmxXVfE7lPBHjRw-mp789dQXXm37R2-HP_5s3WmOuqC1V-1PUWV1SFCkpY-NrZPDUBF0WkiKEyivho9Romyc4SDDgiCR4rM4nrk-P4mo92dX6wb4okWBURw4DPKF99fJzJZsPhl_tpOy5h4LF5wRnloGirFBSMy0Vbqy40yMOt3FFdhx_FlGRGt2v5xc=w387-h375-nc" /></span></div>
<div>
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"> * Keertimaan Perruvaraiyan (1365-1404)</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"> * Thirumalaivarayan (1405-1444)</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"> * Mazhavaraiyan (1445-1473)</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"> * Thippivaraiyan (1474-1508)</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"> * Karuvoorvaraiyan (1509-1529)</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"> * Viravicayasaenkara Cholavaanagan(1530-1538 CE) (1533 -conquered Madurai, lost it completely in 1535)</span></div>
<div>
<div>
<h3 class="in-block" style="background: none rgb(255, 255, 255); border: 0px; color: #252525; display: table; font-size: 1.2em; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 1.3; margin: 0px; padding: 0.5em 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span class="mw-headline" id="Thanjavur_Nayakar_.281532_.E2.80.93_1673_AD.29" style="background: none; border: 0px; display: table-cell; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: middle; width: 232px;"><u><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif; font-size: small;">Thanjavur Nayakar:</span></u></span><span style="background: none; border: 0px; display: table-cell; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: middle;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif; font-size: small;"><br /></span></span></h3>
<ul style="background: none rgb(255, 255, 255); border: 0px; color: #252525; font-size: 16px; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 26.3999996185303px; list-style: square inside; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<li style="background: none; border: 0px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 10px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">Sevappa Nayak (1564–1580)</span></li>
<li style="background: none; border: 0px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 10px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">Achuthappa Nayak (1560–1614)</span></li>
<li style="background: none; border: 0px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 10px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">Raghunatha Nayak (1600–1634)</span></li>
<li style="background: none; border: 0px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px 0px inherit; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">Vijaya Raghava Nayak (1634–1673)</span></li>
</ul>
<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="line-height: 19.046875px;"><u style="background-color: white; font-weight: bold;"><br /></u></span>
<span style="line-height: 19.046875px;"><u style="background-color: white; font-weight: bold;">Kaadava Pallavas:</u></span></span></div>
<div>
<ul style="text-align: left;">
<li><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="background-color: white; line-height: 19.046875px;"> </span><i style="line-height: 19.046875px;">Virasekaran -</i><span style="background-color: white; line-height: 19.046875px;">of Kudaloor (near Cuddalore)</span></span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><i style="line-height: 19.046875px;"> Manavalapperumal -</i><span style="background-color: white; line-height: 19.046875px;">feudatory of Kulothunga Chola III</span></span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="line-height: 19.046875px;"> Kopperunchingan I </span><span style="line-height: 19.046875px;">Kulottungachola Kadavarayan Azhagiyasiyan </span><span style="line-height: 33.7059364318848px;">(1216 - 1242 CE) (controlled </span><span style="background-color: white; line-height: 33.7059364318848px;">Senthamangalam-Kanchipuram)</span></span></li>
<li><span style="background-color: white; font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif; line-height: 19.046875px;"> Kopperunchingan II (1243 - 1279 CE) (controlled Cholas from 1272-1275)</span></li>
<li><span style="background-color: white; font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif; line-height: 19.046875px;"> Kachchiyarayan (minor feuds)</span></li>
<li><span style="background-color: white; font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif; line-height: 19.046875px;"> Cholakon "</span></li>
<li><span style="background-color: white; font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif; line-height: 19.046875px;"> Nilagangaraiyan " </span></li>
</ul>
</div>
<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;"><span style="background-color: white; font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><b><u>Pirkaalappandiyar / Later Free Pandyas:</u></b> </span></span></div>
<div>
<ul style="line-height: 19.046875px;">
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><span style="background-color: white; font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><b>Maravarman Sundara Pandyan</b> I (1216–1238 CE)</span></li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><span style="background-color: white; font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">Sundaravaramban Kulasekaran II (1238–1240 CE)</span></li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><span style="background-color: white; font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><b>Maravarman Sundara Pandyan</b> II (1238–1251 CE)</span></li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><span style="background-color: white; font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><b>Jatavarman Sundara Pandyan</b> (1251–1268 CE)</span></li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><span style="background-color: white; font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><b>Maaravaramban Kulasekara Pandyan</b> I (1268–1308 CE)</span></li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><span style="background-color: white; font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">Sundara Pandyan IV (1309–1311 CE)</span></li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><span style="background-color: white; font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">Vira Pandyan IV (1309–1314 CE)</span></li>
</ul>
<div>
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif; line-height: 19.046875px;"><u><b>Last Pandya in exile -Namakkal Pandya:</b></u></span><br />
<ul style="line-height: 19.046875px;">
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><span style="background-color: white; font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">Vira Pandyan IV (1314–1347 CE)</span></li>
</ul>
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif; line-height: 19.046875px;"><u><b>Tenkasi Pandya</b> branch<b>:</b></u> (1314-1334 CE)</span></div>
<div>
<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><br /></span></div>
<div>
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="line-height: 19.046875px;"><u style="font-weight: bold;">Maavali Vaanara/Banas of Madurai:</u> <u>(</u></span><span style="line-height: 19.046875px;">1311-1538 CE) -(Pollachi-South Madurai-Pudukottai-Ramnad belt)</span></span></div>
<ul style="text-align: left;">
<li><span style="background-color: white;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"> Kayalmasitha Vaanagatharaiya 1311-1373 CE</span></span></li>
<li><span style="background-color: white;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"> Ranga-villi-dasan Naavalai Pandyakulanthakan 1373-1374</span></span></li>
<li><span style="background-color: white;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"> Bhuvanekavira Samara Kolaakalan 1374-1411</span></span></li>
</ul>
<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><img src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhJlPrRTEZaMtpCFqbT7-GK0IIgJ1Ih4oPby_dwH8MbTIknnlsOIKp9Kjy0u3FbXDNzNvgWWMCv7H7PHESBYBOzQr10jM7a_Bg8WzRkgbw5n077bWcg6Ed77s-FkTJFUztSEr5c9Bi6n6c/s400/x.jpg" /></span><br />
<ul style="text-align: left;">
<li><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="background-color: white;"> </span><span style="background-color: white;"> Ponparappinar </span><span style="line-height: 20.796875px;">Bhuvanekaviran II 1411-1433</span></span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="background-color: white;"> </span><img src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/proxy/AVvXsEjjsLccfXLRqQD_Zz8e0rffTAvYyPbAUJx-ZXUr4yjdvJEDv7zbqHcPEw-uYehyEF3lqTR9CZru5iMpRE6TcOKs0nJ1wMnK5grIjpgc36GUpGGk7svAnOmV8-Sm4PbOqkNBwTGAkyqn58HaqvmbVLcORRtx6OzWbyaZ6C3N27F864RxFpiYcItI2sKFeHg3GmmiOXYS7dIvfHdikfuuvVixeWlNEyIRPfL0iXuz2iRl0F3E6NbQcP71dwQUS5PpyrzLrQWs1WJBKh8GCe_SJWw=w551-h267-nc" /></span></li>
<li><span style="background-color: white; line-height: 20.796875px;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"> Vikramarkka I Garudaketanan 1433-1437</span></span></li>
<li><span style="background-color: white; line-height: 20.796875px;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"> Pugazhvippavarkandan Vazhuthi-saengaran 1438-1447</span></span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="line-height: 23px;"> Thirumalirunjolai Maavali Vaanar</span><span style="line-height: 23px;"> 1447-1469 CE </span></span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="background-color: white;"><span style="line-height: 20.796875px;"> </span></span><span style="background-color: white;">Sundarathoaludaiyan Maavali</span><span style="background-color: white;"> 1469-1479</span></span></li>
<li><span style="background-color: white; line-height: 1.65;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"> Kaalaiyaar Somanaar 1479-1487</span></span></li>
<li><span style="background-color: white; line-height: 1.65;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"> Anjaatha Perumal 1487-1499</span></span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="line-height: 1.65;"> Moodharaicha Thirumalai Maavali </span><span style="background-color: white; line-height: 1.65;">1499 CE </span></span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="line-height: 1.65;"> Thennangon </span><span style="background-color: white; line-height: 26.3999996185303px;">Vaanaathi Varayar 1499-1530 CE</span></span></li>
<li><span style="line-height: 1.65;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"> Chandrasekara Pandyakulaanthakan 1531-1533 CE</span></span></li>
</ul>
<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><b style="line-height: 1.65;"><u>Madurai Sultanate</u></b><span style="background-color: white; line-height: 1.65;"> (North Madurai, Trichinopoly and Arcot districts) </span></span><br />
<div style="border: 0px; line-height: 1.65; margin-bottom: 0.7em; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">Following Raids by : </span><br />
<ul style="text-align: left;">
<li><span style="background-color: white; line-height: 1.65;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">Malik Kafur 1310.</span></span></li>
<li><span style="background-color: white; line-height: 1.65;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">Chera king Rajavarma 1313.</span></span></li>
</ul>
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><b>Sultanate</b>. 1315-1377 CE:</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">As feudatories to Delhi Khilji and Tuglaq dynasties. 1315-1332 CE</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">As independent Sultans. 1333-1377 CE: </span><br />
<ul style="text-align: left;">
<li><span style="background-color: white; line-height: 26.3999996185303px;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">Jalaluddin Ahsan Khan 1325-1339 CE </span></span></li>
<li><span style="background-color: white; line-height: 26.3999996185303px;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">Alaud din Udauji Shah 1339–1340</span></span></li>
<li><span style="background-color: white; line-height: 26.3999996185303px;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">Qutb ud din Firoz 1340</span></span></li>
<li><span style="background-color: white; line-height: 26.3999996185303px;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">Giyaz uddin Muhammad Damghan 1340-1344 (kills Hoysala Vira Ballala; Ibn Batutah visits)</span></span></li>
<li><span style="background-color: white; line-height: 26.3999996185303px;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">Nazir ud din Mahmud Damghan 1344–1356 </span></span></li>
<li><span style="background-color: white; line-height: 26.3999996185303px;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">Adl Shah 1356–1359</span></span></li>
<li><span style="background-color: white; line-height: 26.3999996185303px;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">Faqr ud din Mubarak 1359–1368</span></span></li>
<li><span style="background-color: white; line-height: 26.3999996185303px;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">Ala ud din Sikandar 1368–1377</span></span></li>
</ul>
</div>
<div style="border: 0px; line-height: 1.65; margin-bottom: 0.7em; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><u><b>First Madurai Nayaks</b></u>:</span></div>
<div style="border: 0px; line-height: 1.65; margin-bottom: 0.7em; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<ul style="text-align: left;">
<li><span style="background-color: white; line-height: 1.65;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">Kodikan Naaikkan 1372 CE</span></span></li>
<li><span style="background-color: white; line-height: 1.65;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">Kampana Udaiyar 1372-1404 CE</span></span></li>
<li><span style="background-color: white; line-height: 1.65;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">Embana Udaiyar</span></span></li>
<li><span style="background-color: white; line-height: 1.65;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">Porkasa Udaiyar</span></span></li>
<li><span style="background-color: white; line-height: 1.65;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">Lakkana Nayakkan coregent with</span></span></li>
<li><span style="background-color: white; line-height: 1.65;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">Mathanan (both 1404-1451 CE)</span></span></li>
</ul>
</div>
<div style="border: 0px; line-height: 1.65; margin-bottom: 0.7em; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><b><u>Later Madurai Nayaks</u></b>: 1533-1736 CE</span><br />
<table class="infobox" style="background-color: #f9f9f9; border-spacing: 3px; border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); clear: right; color: black; font-size: 12.3199996948242px; line-height: 1.5em; margin: 0.5em 0px 0.5em 1em; padding: 0.2em; width: 20em;"><tbody>
<tr><th scope="row" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: top;"><ul>
<li style="font-weight: normal; line-height: 1.2em;"><i style="line-height: 1.2em;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">Nagama Nayakkan</span></i></li>
<li><i style="font-weight: normal; line-height: 1.2em;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">Viswanatha Nayakka </span></i></li>
<li><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif; line-height: 1.65;">Viswanatha Nayakka</span></li>
</ul>
</th><td style="vertical-align: top;"><ul>
<li style="line-height: 1.2em;"><span style="line-height: 1.2em;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">1533-1535</span></span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif; line-height: 1.2em;">1535–1559</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif; line-height: 1.2em;">1559-1563</span></li>
</ul>
</td></tr>
<tr><th scope="row" style="font-weight: normal; line-height: 1.2em; text-align: left; vertical-align: top;"><ul>
<li><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">Kumara Krishnappa Nayakka</span></li>
</ul>
</th><td style="line-height: 1.2em; vertical-align: top;"><ul>
<li><span style="line-height: 1.2em;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">1563–1573</span></span></li>
</ul>
</td></tr>
<tr><th scope="row" style="font-weight: normal; line-height: 1.2em; text-align: left; vertical-align: top;"><ul>
<li><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">Joint Rulers Group I</span></li>
</ul>
</th><td style="line-height: 1.2em; vertical-align: top;"><ul>
<li><span style="line-height: 1.2em;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">1573–1595</span></span></li>
</ul>
</td></tr>
<tr><th scope="row" style="font-weight: normal; line-height: 1.2em; text-align: left; vertical-align: top;"><ul>
<li><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">Joint Rulers Group II</span></li>
</ul>
</th><td style="line-height: 1.2em; vertical-align: top;"><ul>
<li><span style="line-height: 1.2em;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">1595–1602</span></span></li>
</ul>
</td></tr>
<tr><th scope="row" style="font-weight: normal; line-height: 1.2em; text-align: left; vertical-align: top;"><ul>
<li><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">Muttu Krishnappa Nayakka</span></li>
</ul>
</th><td style="line-height: 1.2em; vertical-align: top;"><ul>
<li><span style="line-height: 1.2em;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">1602–1609</span></span></li>
</ul>
</td></tr>
<tr><th scope="row" style="font-weight: normal; line-height: 1.2em; text-align: left; vertical-align: top;"><ul>
<li><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">Muttu Virappa Nayakka</span></li>
</ul>
</th><td style="line-height: 1.2em; vertical-align: top;"><ul>
<li><span style="line-height: 1.2em;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">1609–1623</span></span></li>
</ul>
</td></tr>
<tr><th scope="row" style="line-height: 1.2em; text-align: left; vertical-align: top;"><ul>
<li><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">Tirumalai Nayakka</span></li>
</ul>
</th><td style="line-height: 1.2em; vertical-align: top;"><ul>
<li><span style="line-height: 1.2em;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">1623–1659</span></span></li>
</ul>
</td></tr>
<tr><th scope="row" style="font-weight: normal; line-height: 1.2em; text-align: left; vertical-align: top;"><ul>
<li><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">Muthu Alakadri Nayakka</span></li>
</ul>
</th><td style="line-height: 1.2em; vertical-align: top;"><ul>
<li><span style="line-height: 1.2em;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">1659–1662</span></span></li>
</ul>
</td></tr>
<tr><th scope="row" style="line-height: 1.2em; text-align: left; vertical-align: top;"><ul>
<li><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">Chokkanatha Nayakka</span></li>
</ul>
</th><td style="line-height: 1.2em; vertical-align: top;"><ul>
<li><span style="line-height: 1.2em;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">1662–1682</span></span></li>
</ul>
</td></tr>
<tr><th scope="row" style="font-weight: normal; line-height: 1.2em; text-align: left; vertical-align: top;"><ul>
<li><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">Rangakrishna Muthu Virappa Nayakka</span></li>
</ul>
</th><td style="line-height: 1.2em; vertical-align: top;"><ul>
<li><span style="line-height: 1.2em;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">1682–1689</span></span></li>
</ul>
</td></tr>
<tr><th scope="row" style="font-weight: normal; line-height: 1.2em; text-align: left; vertical-align: top;"><ul>
<li><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">Rani Mangammal</span></li>
</ul>
</th><td style="line-height: 1.2em; vertical-align: top;"><ul>
<li><span style="line-height: 1.2em;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">1689–1704</span></span></li>
</ul>
</td></tr>
<tr><th scope="row" style="font-weight: normal; line-height: 1.2em; text-align: left; vertical-align: top;"><ul>
<li><i style="line-height: 1.2em;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">Vijaya Ranga Chokkanatha Nayakka</span></i></li>
</ul>
</th><td style="line-height: 1.2em; vertical-align: top;"><ul>
<li><span style="line-height: 1.2em;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">1704–1731</span></span></li>
</ul>
</td></tr>
<tr><th scope="row" style="font-weight: normal; line-height: 1.2em; text-align: left; vertical-align: top;"><ul><i><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">
</span></i></ul>
<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><i style="line-height: 1.2em;"></i><br />
</span><br />
<ul><i style="line-height: 1.2em;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">
<li><i style="line-height: 1.2em;">Queen Meenakshi</i><span style="line-height: 1.2em;"> 1731-1736</span></li>
</span></i></ul>
<i style="line-height: 1.2em;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">
</span></i></th></tr>
</tbody></table>
</div>
<div style="border: 0px; line-height: 1.65; margin-bottom: 0.7em; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
Senthilkumarhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/13568132368013187258noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-194677254669823957.post-58100970281592645462013-11-30T10:01:00.001-08:002015-11-17T07:00:10.144-08:00First (250-556 CE) and Second (556-848CE) Civinelam Era -Kalabhra/Kalapparar Republics<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
<b><u><span style="background-color: white; font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">Kalapparar / Kalabhra Republics:</span></u></b><br />
<ul style="text-align: left;">
<ul>
<li><span style="background-color: white;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; line-height: 16px; text-align: justify;">250 CE -A consortium of many city-states form Kalappara("kala+parar"--field-toilers/peasants) republics </span><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; line-height: 16px; text-align: justify;">headed by</span><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; line-height: 16px; text-align: justify;">: </span></span></li>
</ul>
</ul>
<ol><span style="background-color: white; font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; line-height: 16px; text-align: justify;">
<li><b style="text-align: left;">Idakali I </b><span style="text-align: left;">(Kali-arasan)</span><b style="text-align: left;"> </b><span style="text-align: left;">local </span><span style="text-align: left;">chief </span><span style="text-align: left;">of Nadunaadu</span><span style="text-align: left;"> c250 CE </span></li>
<li><span style="text-align: left;"><span style="text-align: justify;"><b style="font-weight: bold;">Kotpuli Nayanar</b><b> </b>of Pugaar. c250 CE </span></span>(a Chola general)</li>
<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">
<li><b>Kaazhimalaiyan </b>of Miladu c250 CE</li>
</span>
<li>Velkezhu Nallikkoen of Thottivettuvam. c250 CE</li>
<li>Ilankumanan of Mudhiramalai. c250 CE</li>
<li><span style="text-align: left;">Thiraiyan of Pavuthirai c250 CE (a Thondaiman Pallava prince)</span></li>
<li>Aai-Viyankoe-Karunaadan of Erumaiyur <span style="line-height: 34.2825012207031px;">(Tamil:<i>"mai+ur"="karu+nadu"</i>)</span> c250 CE
</li>
<li><span style="text-align: left;">Pulli of Vengadam c250 CE</span></li>
<li><span style="text-align: left;">Kaaralan of Kadamba. c250 CE (last chief of Cankam Tamil Kadambas; 280 -allies with Vigarakon (Viyankoe) of Erumaiyur, and both these chiefs of North Tamil Kalabhra republics rally against the Kalabhra de-facto emperor Soora Thanjan; killed at Vatapi battle by Thanjan; crown-prince Aankari-mungan killed by Kalabhra general Ayalan)</span></li>
<li><b style="font-weight: bold;">Soora Thanjan </b>of Parankundram ?c250-325 CE (minister of the last of Cankam Pandya king; seizes Madurai throne in the popular Kalappara (Kalabhra) uprising; 270 -becomes chief of the all-Kalabhra consortium; moves his capital to Sikkal; defeats Pallavas who attacked the Kalappara / Kalabhra city-states of Mudhirai and Pazhakkadu, at Vallam and Kadalmallai; 280 -occupies Vanavasi bringing to an end the Cankam Tamil Kadamba dynasty; ?300 -builds a new capital for Kalabhras, named after him -Thanjavur; ?300 -quells a rebel by his Madurai general Ayamugan; 325 -wins many battles against Siva Skanda Pallava before being killed in his last at Patteesuram, at his hundredth year, by the Pallava prince Vishnuvaramban)</li>
</span></ol>
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;"><span style="line-height: 16px; text-align: justify;">
</span>
</span><br />
<ul style="text-align: left;">
<li><span style="background-color: white;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; text-align: justify;"><b style="line-height: 32.1825px;">Simbullman</b><span style="line-height: 32.1825px;"> </span><span style="line-height: 40.2738px;">290-333 CE </span><span style="line-height: 32.1825px;">(co-regent with his father Suran Thanjan) </span></span></span></li>
<li><span style="background-color: white;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="line-height: 16px;">Idakazhinan II</span></b><span style="line-height: 16px;"> / Idankazhi / Idangazhi Nayanar. ?c333-399 CE (</span><span style="line-height: 32.1825px;">After Thanjan's demise, </span><span style="line-height: 40.2738px;">and Emperor Simbullman's abdication, </span><span style="line-height: 44.3194px;">the latter'</span><span style="line-height: 32.1825px;"> nephew Idangazhi II the Konaadu chief stationed then at the Kodumbaloor fortress, is crowned as the Kalabhra (Kalappaalar) emperor; </span><span style="line-height: 16px;">344 -thwarts and drives away Samudragupta who invaded the northern Pallava protectorates, which Idakazhinan annexes to the Kalabhra empire; 3</span></span><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; line-height: 16px; text-align: justify;">85 -kills Skandavaramba II and destroys a Vakataka-Gupta army of ?Vindhyasena II and Rudrasena II in a battle on the Krishna banks)</span></span></li>
<li style="text-align: justify;"><span style="background-color: white; font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">?unknown (420 -loses battle against Aagavaramba Pandya)</span></li>
<li style="text-align: justify;"><span style="background-color: white; font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;"><b>Achu-thaavi Karanthan </b><i>aka </i><b>Tevveengya II.</b> c450-506 CE (initially a chief of Thirukaranthai in Nadunaadu, also a (maternal) grandson of the chief of Vengadu near Pugar; 450 CE-defeats Aagavaramba Pandyan and annexes Madurai; by 454 CE conquers Chera and Pallava; rules with Chidambaram as his capital, and with Cholas as his able generals; makes the Medieval Kadamba clan of Vanavasi his vassal, extracting huge half-yearly tributes; unifies and rules all land south of River Krisna)</span></li>
<li style="text-align: left;"><span style="background-color: white;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; line-height: 16px; text-align: justify;">Kootran / Kootruva Nayanar. c507-528 CE (</span><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;"><span style="line-height: 32.1825px;">initially governor of Madurai, becomes Kalabhra king of Madurai, as after his mother's brother and emperor Achu-thaavi dies of old age, </span><span style="line-height: 40.2738px;">a strong rebellious Pandyan prince had to be put away, with the South needing constant watch</span><span style="line-height: 32.1825px;">; the emperor's son Prince Meikandaan is just 14, a Chola general Pugazhinan is appointed as the chief of Oriental and Central Kalabhra territory -extending from (the present) Thiruvannamalai to Pudukottai districts in length, and from coast-to-coast across the old Tamil land; Meikandaar raised at Chidambaram, is initially placed as governor of Miladu, and in 530 CE is crowned as Madurai king after Kootruvan)</span></span></span></li>
<li><span style="background-color: white; font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; line-height: 16px; text-align: justify;">Meikanda Nayanar. c530-560 CE (son of Achu-thaavi Karanthan; rules from Madurai; killed treacherously by a Pandyan prince Muthanathan disguised as a sage)</span></li>
<li style="text-align: justify;"><span style="background-color: white; font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">Cedivallavan. c540-560 CE (ruled Karuvoor; 556 -defeated by Simmavishnu)</span></li>
</ul>
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;"><u style="font-weight: bold;">Medieval Chola </u><span style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: underline;">E</span><u style="font-weight: bold;">mperors, </u><span style="text-decoration: underline;">K</span><u>ings<b> & </b></u><i><span style="text-decoration: underline;">V</span><u>assals</u></i><b>:</b></span><br />
<div>
<ul style="text-align: left;">
<li><span style="background-color: white; font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;"><i>unknown </i>(Cholas as vassals/governors of Kalappara)<i> </i>250-506 CE.</span></li>
</ul>
<div>
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">PUGAZHINA DYNASTY:</span></div>
<ol style="text-align: left;">
<li><span style="background-color: white; font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;"><b>Pugazhkko Chola </b>of Karaivadavur. 506-551 CE<b> </b>(first Chola king after a hiatus of 250 years; conquers and rules over Chera, Gangas, Pallavas, and Anuradhapura; conqueror of Srilanka as mentioned in Mahavamsa; capital at Malaikkootram (Kumbakonam))<b> </b></span></li>
<li><span style="background-color: white; font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; text-align: center;"><b>Paeyili Chola. </b>551-556 CE</span></li>
<li><i><span style="background-color: white; font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">Yaappudhi-iya Chola.</span></i></li>
<li><span style="background-color: white; font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; text-align: justify;"><i>Seruthaanai-maia Chola.</i> 580-605 CE (vassal of Pallava)</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;"><i style="background-color: white;">Karuncigai Chola.</i></span></li>
<li><span style="background-color: white;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;"><b>Sezhiamaia Paathivan Irumudi Chola. </b>640-695 CE (640 -kills Pandya king Chezhian Cendan in the battle of Kanapereyil; rules Pazhaiyaaru and Madurai till 670</span><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">) </span></span></li>
<li><b><b><span style="background-color: white; font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-weight: normal;">IRANNMAYIL DYNASTY: </span></b></b></li>
<li><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;"><b>Irannmaia Kaalakaala Chola I. </b>695-?752 CE (695 -son </span><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">of daughter of Sezhiyamaia Paathiva; hence claims descent both from Idakazhinan II and Pugazhkko Chola; captures Kanchi, the Pallava crown-prince Irannyavarman killed in the battle, crowns his own brother-in-law and Pallava prince Rajasimman I at Kanchi after 5 years; his younger brother and Chola prince is <i style="text-align: justify;">Seruthunai Nayanaar</i>)</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;"><i>Pathin-thiththa Chola.</i> </span><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;"> 753-770 CE (755 -loses to Nandivarman II, Pallava suzerainty until 796 CE)</span></li>
<li><i style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">Sakkiru-vatrina Chola.</i><span style="background-color: white; font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;"> 770-780 CE</span></li>
<li><i style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">Thaayumaana Chola.</i><span style="background-color: white; font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;"> 780-798 CE (796 -declares independence from Pallavas who are in their weakest reign of the century)</span></li>
<li><span style="background-color: white; font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">Thaarumavaramba Chola. 798-827 CE </span></li>
<li><b style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">Sooraman Chola</b><span style="background-color: white; font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;"> (Sooraathiraja). 828-843 CE (starting from 833 -invades Tambapanni (Srilanka) four times in the next eleven years, lay siege on Ruhuna, extract heavy annual tributes, and makes Sinhala kingdom a vassal of Pazhaiyaru till 843 (</span><i style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">Mahavamsa</i><span style="background-color: white; font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">))</span></li>
<li><i><span style="background-color: white;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">interregnum: 843-848 (Sooraman Chola poisoned when visiting a vihara in Anuradhapura; Pandyas capture South Chola country (upto southern banks of Kaveri) and place Mutharaiyas as governors;</span><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;"> the 13-year old Chola prince Vijayalaya escapes to Kodumbalur palace)</span></span></i></li>
<li><span style="background-color: white; font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">Vijayalaya Chola. 848-893 CE (wages many battles against Mutharaiyas and their overlords the Pandyas, slowly building a kingdom from scratch; "lord of a thousand battles and a hundred lance-scars")</span></li>
<li><b style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">[</b><i style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">Contd.</i><b style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"> Imperial Cholas</b><span style="background-color: white; font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;"> into Third Kandikai Era]</span></li>
</ol>
<ul style="text-align: left;">
</ul>
<b style="color: #252525; line-height: 26.4px;"><u><span style="background-color: white; font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">Medieval Tamil emperors </span></u></b><br />
<span style="color: #252525; line-height: 26.4px;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;"><b><u style="background-color: white;">(of the whole island / most of Srilanka):</u></b></span></span><br />
<span style="background-color: white;"><br /></span>
<br />
<table class="wikitable" style="background-color: white; border-collapse: collapse; border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); color: #252525; display: block; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, 'Nimbus Sans L', Arial, 'Liberation Sans', sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 26.4px; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 0px !important; margin-right: 0px !important; margin-top: 1em; overflow-x: auto; overflow-y: hidden; width: 100%px;"><tbody>
<tr><td align="center" style="border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); padding: 0.2em;"><span style="background-color: white;"><br /></span></td><td align="center" style="border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); padding: 0.2em;"><span style="background-color: white;">(<a href="https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sangha_Tissa_I_of_Anuradhapura" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: 0px; color: #5a3696; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;" title="Sangha Tissa I of Anuradhapura">Sangha Tissa I</a>)</span></td><td align="center" style="border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); padding: 0.2em;"><span style="background-color: white;">-</span></td><td align="center" style="border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); padding: 0.2em;"><span style="background-color: white;">-</span></td><td align="center" style="border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); padding: 0.2em;"><span style="background-color: white;">248</span></td><td align="center" style="border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); padding: 0.2em;"><span style="background-color: white;">252</span></td><td align="center" style="border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); padding: 0.2em;"><span style="background-color: white;">*A Lambakanna</span></td></tr>
<tr><td align="center" style="border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); padding: 0.2em;"><span style="background-color: white;"><br /></span></td><td align="center" style="border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); padding: 0.2em;"><span style="background-color: white;">(<a href="https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siri_Sangha_Bodhi_I_of_Anuradhapura" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: 0px; color: #5a3696; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;" title="Siri Sangha Bodhi I of Anuradhapura">Siri Sangha Bodhi I</a></span><br />
<small style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><i style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-size: small;">(aka Siri Sangabo))</span></i></small></td><td align="center" style="border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); padding: 0.2em;"><span style="background-color: white;">-</span></td><td align="center" style="border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); padding: 0.2em;"><span style="background-color: white;">-</span></td><td align="center" style="border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); padding: 0.2em;"><span style="background-color: white;">252</span></td><td align="center" style="border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); padding: 0.2em;"><span style="background-color: white;">254</span></td><td align="center" style="border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); padding: 0.2em;"><span style="background-color: white;">*A Lambakanna-</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white;"> claimed by Mahavamsa as the greatest Buddhist devotee; claimd by other sources like Abithana Chintamani as having embraced Saivism in his last days, after he lost his eyes from a curse by a Saiva sage.</span></td></tr>
<tr><td align="center" style="border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); padding: 0.2em;"><span style="background-color: white;"><br /></span></td><td align="center" style="border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); padding: 0.2em;"><span style="background-color: white;">Kotthuvan aka <a href="https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gothabhaya_of_Anuradhapura" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: 0px; color: #5a3696; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;" title="Gothabhaya of Anuradhapura">Gothabhaya</a></span></td><td align="center" style="border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); padding: 0.2em;"><span style="background-color: white;">-</span></td><td align="center" style="border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); padding: 0.2em;"><span style="background-color: white;">-</span></td><td align="center" style="border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); padding: 0.2em;"><span style="background-color: white;">254</span></td><td align="center" style="border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); padding: 0.2em;"><span style="background-color: white;">267</span></td><td align="center" style="border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); padding: 0.2em;"><span style="background-color: white;">*Minister of State</span></td></tr>
<tr><td align="center" style="border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); padding: 0.2em;"><span style="background-color: white;"><br /></span></td><td align="center" style="border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); padding: 0.2em;"><span style="background-color: white;">Asuvatthonteesa aka <a href="https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jettha_Tissa_I_of_Anuradhapura" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: 0px; color: #5a3696; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;" title="Jettha Tissa I of Anuradhapura">Jettha Tissa I</a></span></td><td align="center" style="border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); padding: 0.2em;"><span style="background-color: white;">-</span></td><td align="center" style="border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); padding: 0.2em;"><span style="background-color: white;">-</span></td><td align="center" style="border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); padding: 0.2em;"><span style="background-color: white;">267</span></td><td align="center" style="border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); padding: 0.2em;"><span style="background-color: white;">277</span></td><td align="center" style="border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); padding: 0.2em;"><span style="background-color: white;">*Eldest son of Gothabhaya</span></td></tr>
<tr><td align="center" style="border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); padding: 0.2em;"><span style="background-color: white;"><br /></span></td><td align="center" style="border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); padding: 0.2em;"><a href="https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mahasena_of_Anuradhapura" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: 0px; color: #5a3696; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;" title="Mahasena of Anuradhapura">Mahasena</a></td><td align="center" style="border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); padding: 0.2em;"><span style="background-color: white;">-</span></td><td align="center" style="border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); padding: 0.2em;"><span style="background-color: white;">-</span></td><td align="center" style="border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); padding: 0.2em;"><span style="background-color: white;">277</span></td><td align="center" style="border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); padding: 0.2em;"><span style="background-color: white;">304</span></td><td align="center" style="border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); padding: 0.2em;"><span style="background-color: white;">*Brother of Jettha Tissa</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white;">*Younger son of Gothabhaya</span></td></tr>
<tr><td align="center" style="border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); padding: 0.2em;"><span style="background-color: white;"><br /></span></td><td align="center" style="border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); padding: 0.2em;"><a href="https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sirimeghavanna_of_Anuradhapura" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: 0px; color: #5a3696; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;" title="Sirimeghavanna of Anuradhapura">Sirimeghavanna</a></td><td align="center" style="border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); padding: 0.2em;"><span style="background-color: white;">-</span></td><td align="center" style="border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); padding: 0.2em;"><span style="background-color: white;">-</span></td><td align="center" style="border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); padding: 0.2em;"><span style="background-color: white;">304</span></td><td align="center" style="border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); padding: 0.2em;"><span style="background-color: white;">332</span></td><td align="center" style="border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); padding: 0.2em;"><span style="background-color: white;">*Son of Mahasena</span></td></tr>
<tr><td align="center" style="border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); padding: 0.2em;"><span style="background-color: white;"><br /></span></td><td align="center" style="border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); padding: 0.2em;"><a href="https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jettha_Tissa_II_of_Anuradhapura" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: 0px; color: #5a3696; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;" title="Jettha Tissa II of Anuradhapura">Jettha Tissa II</a></td><td align="center" style="border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); padding: 0.2em;"><span style="background-color: white;">-</span></td><td align="center" style="border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); padding: 0.2em;"><span style="background-color: white;">-</span></td><td align="center" style="border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); padding: 0.2em;"><span style="background-color: white;">332</span></td><td align="center" style="border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); padding: 0.2em;"><span style="background-color: white;">341</span></td><td align="center" style="border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); padding: 0.2em;"><span style="background-color: white;">*Brother of Sirimeghavanna</span></td></tr>
<tr><td align="center" style="border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); padding: 0.2em;"><span style="background-color: white;"><br /></span></td><td align="center" style="border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); padding: 0.2em;"><a href="https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buddhadasa_of_Anuradhapura" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: 0px; color: #5a3696; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;" title="Buddhadasa of Anuradhapura">Buddhadasa</a></td><td align="center" style="border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); padding: 0.2em;"><span style="background-color: white;">-</span></td><td align="center" style="border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); padding: 0.2em;"><span style="background-color: white;">-</span></td><td align="center" style="border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); padding: 0.2em;"><span style="background-color: white;">341</span></td><td align="center" style="border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); padding: 0.2em;"><span style="background-color: white;">370</span></td><td align="center" style="border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); padding: 0.2em;"><span style="background-color: white;">*Son of Jettha Tissa II</span></td></tr>
<tr><td align="center" style="border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); padding: 0.2em;"><span style="background-color: white;"><br /></span></td><td align="center" style="border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); padding: 0.2em;"><a href="https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Upatissa_I_of_Anuradhapura" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: 0px; color: #5a3696; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;" title="Upatissa I of Anuradhapura">Upatissa I</a></td><td align="center" style="border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); padding: 0.2em;"><span style="background-color: white;">-</span></td><td align="center" style="border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); padding: 0.2em;"><span style="background-color: white;">-</span></td><td align="center" style="border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); padding: 0.2em;"><span style="background-color: white;">370</span></td><td align="center" style="border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); padding: 0.2em;"><span style="background-color: white;">412</span></td><td align="center" style="border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); padding: 0.2em;"><span style="background-color: white;">*Eldest son of Buddhadasa</span></td></tr>
<tr><td align="center" style="border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); padding: 0.2em;"><span style="background-color: white;"><br /></span></td><td align="center" style="border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); padding: 0.2em;"><a href="https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mahanama_of_Anuradhapura" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: 0px; color: #5a3696; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;" title="Mahanama of Anuradhapura">Mahanama</a></td><td align="center" style="border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); padding: 0.2em;"><span style="background-color: white;">-</span></td><td align="center" style="border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); padding: 0.2em;"><span style="background-color: white;">-</span></td><td align="center" style="border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); padding: 0.2em;"><span style="background-color: white;">412</span></td><td align="center" style="border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); padding: 0.2em;"><span style="background-color: white;">434</span></td><td align="center" style="border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); padding: 0.2em;"><span style="background-color: white;">*Brother of Upatissa I</span></td></tr>
<tr><td align="center" style="border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); padding: 0.2em;"><span style="background-color: white;"><br /></span></td><td align="center" style="border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); padding: 0.2em;"><a href="https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soththisena_of_Anuradhapura" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: 0px; color: #5a3696; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;" title="Soththisena of Anuradhapura">Soththisena</a></td><td align="center" style="border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); padding: 0.2em;"><span style="background-color: white;">-</span></td><td align="center" style="border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); padding: 0.2em;"><span style="background-color: white;">-</span></td><td align="center" style="border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); padding: 0.2em;"><span style="background-color: white;">434</span></td><td align="center" style="border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); padding: 0.2em;"><span style="background-color: white;">434</span></td><td align="center" style="border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); padding: 0.2em;"><span style="background-color: white;">*Mahanama’s son born to a Tamil mother</span></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<span style="color: #252525; line-height: 26.4px;"><span style="background-color: white; font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;"><b>Pandu 429-441 CE </b>– first of six Pandiyan rulers</span></span><br />
<span style="color: #252525; line-height: 26.4px;"><b><span style="background-color: white; font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">Parindha 441</span></b></span><br />
<span style="color: #252525; line-height: 26.4px;"><b><span style="background-color: white; font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">Kutta Parindha 441-447</span></b></span><br />
<span style="color: #252525; line-height: 26.4px;"><b><span style="background-color: white; font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">Tiritara 447</span></b></span><br />
<span style="color: #252525; line-height: 26.4px;"><b><span style="background-color: white; font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">Dathiya 447-450</span></b></span><br />
<span style="color: #252525; line-height: 26.4px;"><b><span style="background-color: white; font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">Pithya 450-452</span></b></span><br />
<span style="color: #252525; line-height: 26.4px;"><b><span style="background-color: white; font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">Pugazhko Chola 506-551</span></b></span><br />
<span style="color: #252525; line-height: 26.4px;"><b><span style="background-color: white; font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">Eezhankadandha Paeyili Chola 551-556</span></b></span><br />
<span style="color: #252525; line-height: 26.4px;"><b><span style="background-color: white; font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">Paramesvaravarma Pallava 672-695 </span></b></span><br />
<span style="color: #252525; line-height: 26.4px;"><b><span style="background-color: white; font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">Surathiraja Chola 833-847</span></b></span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;"><br />
<span style="text-decoration: underline;"><b>Pandyan kings</b>:</span></span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">AAVARAMBINA DYNASTY:</span><br />
<ul style="background: none rgb(255, 255, 255); border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: #252525; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, 'Nimbus Sans L', Arial, 'Liberation Sans', sans-serif; font-size: 16px; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 26.3999996185303px; list-style: square inside; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: left; vertical-align: baseline;">
<li><span style="background-color: white; font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">(Nilavani Pandyan) </span></li>
<li><span style="background-color: white; font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">Aaranjaathu Vem-maga-pandyan Aaga-varamban (c420-450 CE)</span></li>
<li><span style="background-color: white;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;"><i>450-560 CE (a province of Kalabhras) </i></span><i><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;"> </span></i></span></li>
<li><span style="background-color: white; font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">Kadungon<span style="font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit;"> II </span><span style="font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit;">(560–590) (plots and murders Kalabhra king Meikanda Nayanar, and seizes Madurai)</span></span></li>
<li><span style="background-color: white; font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit;">Maravarman Avani Culamani (590–620)</span></li>
<li><span style="background-color: white; font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit;">Cezhiyan Cendan (620–640) (630 -Pandyas uñder crown-prince Jayantavarman, Ganga chief Durvinita and Chalukya king Pulakeshi II attack Pallavas from three sides, and Mahendravarman loses northern frontiers; 640 -loses throne to Sezhiamaia Irumudi Chola)</span></li>
<li><span style="background-color: white; font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;"><span style="font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit;"><i>Saianta-varamban</i></span><span style="font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit;"> (630-670) (640 -vassal of Chola)</span></span></li>
<li style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 10px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background-color: white; font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;"><b>Arikesari Maravarman Nindraseer Nedumaaran</b> (670–710) (670 -granted independence again for his aid to Cholas in controlling a Chera uprising; allies with Chalukya king Vikramaditya I, and attacks Pallavas at Uraiyur, and is defeated; 709 -annexes Chera through wins in multiple battles)</span></li>
<li style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 10px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background-color: white; font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;"><b>Kochadaiyan Ranadhiran</b> Vangiya-kalazhon (710–735) (annexes Ay country and South Travancore; wins Mangalore battles against Chera and Chola; skirmishes on and in Chalukya Vikramaditya II and Gangas frontier territories; lose last three battles against and killed by Irannmaia Chola)</span></li>
<li style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 10px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background-color: white; font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;"><b>Arikesari Parankusa Maravarman Rajasimha I</b> (735–765) (755 -independent after the death of Irannmaia Chola; conquers Kongu, Malava, and Ganga; defeats Ganga Sripurusha and Chalukya Kirtivarman II)</span></li>
<li style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 10px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background-color: white; font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;"><i>Parantaka Nedunjadaiyan</i> (765–790) (initially a vassal of Pallava; defeats Vidukaadhazhagiiya-perumaal-athigan of Thagadoor and Kuthiraimalai (Dharmapuri, Mandya and Bangalore districts) on behalf of Nandhivarman II (789) and thence granted freedom)</span></li>
<li style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 10px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background-color: white; font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">Rasasingan II (790–800)(marital relationship with Cholas)</span></li>
<li style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 10px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background-color: white; font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;"><b>Varagunan I Vangiya-padhaaga Pandyan </b>(800–830)</span></li>
<li style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 10px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background-color: white; font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;"><b>Sirmara Seervallabha</b> (830–862) (battles <i>vs.</i> Nandivarman III, loses and regains Madurai, wins at Kumbakonam against Pallavas)</span></li>
<li style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 10px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background-color: white;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-style: inherit;"><b>Varagunavarman II</b> (862–885) (</span><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;"><i>?usurper</i></span><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-style: inherit;">; 885 -loses Thirupurambiyam battle to Pallava and Chola, turns ascetic)</span></span></li>
<li style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 10px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background-color: white; font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">Parantaka Viranarayana (885–900) (Varaguna's brother)</span></li>
</ul>
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<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">MAARA-SUNDARA DYNASTY:</span></div>
<ul style="background: none rgb(255, 255, 255); border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: #252525; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, 'Nimbus Sans L', Arial, 'Liberation Sans', sans-serif; font-size: 16px; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 26.3999996185303px; list-style: square inside; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: left; vertical-align: baseline;">
<li style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px 0px inherit; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background-color: white; font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">Maravarman Rajasimha II (900–920) (<i>usurper</i>; killed by Parantaka Chola)</span></li>
</ul>
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;"><b><u><br /></u></b>
<b><u>Pallava kings:</u></b></span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">MANI<i><span style="color: blue;"><b>PALLAVA</b></span></i> NAAGA-CHOLA DYNASTY:</span><br />
<ol style="text-align: left;">
<li style="background-color: initial; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; margin-bottom: 10px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background-color: white; font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;"><i>Thondaimaan Ilanthiraiyan</i> 76 - 110 CE (Chola prince & vassal of Cholas)</span></li>
<li style="background-color: initial; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; margin-bottom: 10px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background-color: white; font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;"><i>Vaezhaeru Nagathiraiyan</i> <i> </i>110 - 140 CE (vassal of Cholas; <span style="line-height: 20.592px;"><b><span style="color: blue;">Ptolemy</span></b> Map(140CE) shows Sora Nagas and Basaro Naga in Malanga (Mavilangai) and Kanchi, in the present Tamil Nadu and Andhra pradesh states, apart from the emperor Sornaga of Uraiyur)</span></span></li>
<li style="background-color: initial; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; margin-bottom: 10px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background-color: white; font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;"><i>Kovvai-thiraimaan Kaalapatruthi</i> 140 - ?160 CE (vassal of Chola)</span></li>
<li style="background-color: initial; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; margin-bottom: 10px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background-color: white; font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;"><i>Aasu Azhuvaththu Aamaan</i><i> </i>aka<i> </i><i>?Amur-thandha </i><b style="font-style: italic;"><span style="color: blue;">Mallan II</span> </b>160 - ?189 CE ,,</span></li>
<li style="background-color: initial; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; margin-bottom: 10px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background-color: white; font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;"><i>Oondha-nirai-thondaiyarkon Soodaa'manipallavan</i> 190 - 200 CE ,,</span></li>
<li style="background-color: initial; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; margin-bottom: 10px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background-color: initial; font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: xx-small; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: 26px;"><i>Virral-kurichivaramaan</i> Kurumboth'arav'ina-kon 200 - 210 CE ,,</span></li>
<li><b><span style="background-color: initial; font-size: 16px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: 26px;"><span style="background-color: white; font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-weight: normal;">MAAVILANKAI-VARAMBAR KAADAVA DYNASTY: </span></span></b></li>
<li><b style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><span style="background-color: initial; font-size: 16px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: 26px;">Moo-vaagaimaan </span>Mukkannamaya Thondaiyarkon</b><span style="background-color: white; font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;"> 210 - 250 CE (</span><i style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: #274e13;">210 -the Thondaimaans had unified ten smaller kingdoms in their vicinity viz. Malli, Poozhi, Aruvaa, Maavilankai, Aamoor, Venkatam, Kanimalai, Nallamalai, Kadalmallai and Vaiyavi along with their own Thondainaadu, whence the unified region came to be known as </span><b><u><span style="color: #274e13;">"the country of ten states" or "</span><span style="color: blue;">Pallava</span><span style="color: #274e13;"> naadu"</span></u></b><span style="color: #274e13;"> and the rulers</span><b style="color: #274e13;"> "Pallavas":</b><span style="color: #274e13;"> (</span><span style="color: blue;">Pal</span><span style="color: #274e13;"> and </span><span style="color: blue;">Paththu</span><span style="color: #274e13;"> in Tamil mean </span><u style="color: #274e13; font-weight: bold;">"a set of ten"</u><span style="color: #274e13;">); </span><span style="color: black; font-style: normal; text-align: left;">225 -Moovagaiman annexes southern regions of Satavahanas, upto Visalur and Kolhapur</span><span style="color: #274e13;">).</span></i></li>
<li style="background-color: initial; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; margin-bottom: 10px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background-color: white; font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;"><b>Kezhupparavina Thiraiyan </b>Sooravaramban 250-275 CE (son of Mukkannamaia Tondaiyarkon; <span style="text-align: justify;"><span style="color: #274e13;">274 -lay siege on Kalabhra city-states Mudhirai and Pazhakkadu; </span></span>275 -Kalabhra emperor Thaarsura Thanjan routs Thiraiyan Sooran at Kadalmallai battle)</span></li>
<li style="background-color: initial; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; margin-bottom: 10px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background-color: white; font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">Simma Varamban I<b> </b>Kaanagopan<b> </b>275–300 CE (second son of Thiraiyan Sooran; killed in battle by Simbullman the Kalabhra emperor (co-regent with his father Suran Thanjan))</span></li>
<li style="background-color: initial; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; margin-bottom: 10px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background-color: white; font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;"><b>Siva Skanda Varambanaagan I Uyyara Uyarko-kon</b> 300-340 CE (annexes current Srisailam, Wanaparthy, Krisna and Bellary, after many wars with Pravarasena I -in the last of which Vakataka crown prince Gautamiputra is killed; defeats Kuntala Chutus who offer princess for truce; 325 -crown-prince Vishnuvaramba kills Kalabhra emperor Soora Thanjan (allegedly just before his 100th year, to prevent him become immortal and to avenge for his grandfather's death) at Patteesuram near Cauvery banks; naval expeditions and settlements to Indochina -crowns a Pallava prince Saanattan in Funan, followed by another prince Saynn-senjan)</span></li>
<li style="background-color: initial; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; margin-bottom: 10px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background-color: white; font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;"><i>Vishnu-gopan Thirumaandhinvaramban</i> 340-355 CE (344 -northern frontiers -Vengi, Aavamutram (Avamukta), Pazhakkadu and Kariyaru raided by Samudragupta's army; invasion repulsed immediately with the arrival of Kalabhra emperor Idakazhinan II / Idangazhi Nayanar upon Pallava's request; 345 -post-raids Pallava made vassal of Kalabhras (Kalapparas))</span></li>
<li style="background-color: initial; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; margin-bottom: 10px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background-color: white; font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">Kumaravishnu I ?356–370 CE (Pallava princess married to the Kalappara emperor, Pallava granted independence again; but loses hold of Nittur (Bellary) to ?Western Gangas, and Visalur to ?Vakatakas)</span></li>
<li style="background-color: initial; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; margin-bottom: 10px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background-color: white; font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">Skandavaramban II 370–385 CE (385 -when Pallava invite the Vakatakas under Vindhyasena and Rudrasena to invade Vanavasi and Kudagu, the Kalappara emperor destroys the allied armies near Kolhapur in Kuntala; Skandavarman II and ?Rudrasena II killed)</span></li>
<li style="background-color: initial; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; margin-bottom: 10px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background-color: white; font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">Virralinavarmban 385–400 CE</span></li>
<li style="background-color: initial; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; margin-bottom: 10px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background-color: white; font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">Skandavarmban III 400–436 CE</span></li>
<li style="background-color: initial; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; margin-bottom: 10px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background-color: white; font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;"><b>Simmavarman II</b> <b>Seermeega-Kadavarkon</b> 436–460 CE (regains Srisailam and Krisna districts)</span></li>
<li style="background-color: initial; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; margin-bottom: 10px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background-color: white; font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;"><i>Skandavarman IV</i> 460–480 CE (vassal of Kalapparas)</span></li>
<li style="background-color: initial; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; margin-bottom: 10px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background-color: white; font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;"><i>Nandivarman I</i> 480–510 CE ,,</span></li>
<li style="background-color: initial; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; margin-bottom: 10px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background-color: white; font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;"><i>Kumaravishnu II</i> 510–530 CE (vassal of Cholas)</span></li>
<li style="background-color: initial; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; margin-bottom: 10px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background-color: white; font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;"><i>Buddhavarman</i> 530–540 CE ,,</span></li>
<li style="background-color: initial; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; margin-bottom: 10px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background-color: white; font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;"><i>Kumaravishnu III</i> 540–548 CE ,,</span></li>
<li style="background-color: initial; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background-color: white; font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;"><b>Simmavarman III</b> <b>Ulagadhitha Ukkirathandan</b> 550-560 CE (Simhavarman kills Chalukya king Ranarasika)</span></li>
<li style="background-color: initial; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; margin-bottom: 10px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background-color: white; font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;"><b>Simmavishnu Kaadavarkon Avanisimman Aiyatikal Nayanar / </b>Simhavishnu<b> </b>555–590 CE (556 -gets Kanchi, Uraiyur; 566 -naval expedition to and settlements in Srilanka, Malay, Thai, Laos and Kampuchea; his brother Bhimavarma Kaadavarkon sets up Kaudavasiya Khmer dynasty; </span><span style="background-color: white; font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">590 -gets Pudukottai and Vengi, north of Pennar)</span></li>
<li style="background-color: initial; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; margin-bottom: 10px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background-color: white; font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;"><b>Mahendravarman I</b> <b>Satrumallan</b> 600–630 CE (c630 -raid by <b>Ereya Immadi Pulakesin II</b> , aided by Pandyas and Gangas, in the northern Pallava frontiers)</span></li>
<li style="background-color: initial; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; margin-bottom: 10px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background-color: white; font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;"><b>Narasimmavarman I</b> <b>Mamallan</b> 630–668 CE (visit by Hieun Tsang; 642 -Chalukyas invade Pallavas, but routed and chased back to Vatapi, which is demolished; Narasimmavarman I kills Chalukya Pulakesin II, with the aid of his able general Paranjothi Siruthonda Nayanar; 642-655 CE -Pallavas annex Vatapi and central Chalukyan states, and rule over them for the next thirteen years)</span></li>
<li style="background-color: initial; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; margin-bottom: 10px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background-color: white; font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">Mahendravarman II 668–672 CE</span></li>
<li style="background-color: initial; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; margin-bottom: 10px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background-color: white; font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;"><b>Paramesvaravarman I Egamallan </b>670–695 CE (670 -<span style="color: #252525; font-size: 16px; line-height: 26.4px;">Vikramaditya allies himself with the Pallava's other enemy the Pandyan Arikesari Parankusa Maravarman; </span>Chalukyas crushed and driven away at Uraiyur and winß the <span style="color: #252525; font-size: 16px; line-height: 26.4px;">battle with the Chalukya ally Ganga Bhuvikrama at Vilande; defeats Chalukyas again at </span>Puluvanallur battle (674); with the aid of the Chola army and general the K</span><span style="background-color: white;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">odumbaloor chief, he defeats Chalukya Vikramaditya I and raids his capital; t<span style="color: #252525; font-size: 16px; line-height: 26.4px;"><span style="font-size: 16px; line-height: 26.4px;">he enraged Pallava emperor sweeps into Deccan once again and withdraws forces only after complete subjugation of the enemy; the Rayakota Pallava grant of this king calls him Parameswara-aswamedha-yajin or Parameswara varman who completed aswamedha yagnam; the military mission is so successful that for several years after this the Pallava forces remain dominant throughout Asia; </span>P</span></span><span style="color: #252525; font-size: 16px; line-height: 26.4px;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">allavas goes on to occupy many of the Chalukya territories but later leaves after the Chalukyas agree to pay yearly tributes; </span></span><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">suzerainty over Srilanka and parts of South East Asia)</span></span></li>
<li style="background-color: initial; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; margin-bottom: 10px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background-color: white; font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;"><i>a governor</i> of Irannmaia Chola 695-700 CE</span></li>
<li style="background-color: initial; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; margin-bottom: 10px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background-color: white; font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;"><b>Narasimmavarman II Rajasimman</b> <b>Kazharsinga Sivachudamani Rajamallan</b> 700–728 CE (<span style="color: #252525; font-size: 16px; line-height: 26.4px;">a great militarist; that the Pallavas were recognized as a major power during his period is testified by the fact that ambassadors are exchanged with </span><a href="https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/China" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: 0px; color: #5a3696; font-size: 16px; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 26.4px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;" title="China">China</a>; t<span style="color: #252525; font-size: 16px; line-height: 26.4px;">his period is relatively free from major wars and Pallava domination of South East Asia continues; </span>builds Kanchipuram Kailasanathar temple and Mahabalipuram shore temples)</span></li>
<li style="background-color: initial; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; margin-bottom: 10px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background-color: white; font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">Paramesvaravarman II 728–731 CE (730 -Kanchi captured by Chalukya Vikramaditya II briefly; 731 -killed when waging a return invasion on Ganga-Chalukya at Nittur near present Hampi)</span></li>
<li style="background-color: initial; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; margin-bottom: 10px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background-color: white; font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">KAMBOJA KAADAVA DYNASTY: </span></li>
<li style="background-color: initial; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; margin-bottom: 10px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;"><b style="font-style: inherit;">Nandivarman II</b><span style="background-color: white; font-style: inherit;"><b> Uyyakondan Thirumalai Pallavamallan</b> 731–796 CE (raids by Vikramaditya II in 731 & 745; 755 -Pallava annexes Chola and Chera;796 -raid by Rashtrakuta in the northern frontiers, Chola and Pandya independent again)</span></span></li>
<li><span style="background-color: white; font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">Thantivarman 796–825 CE (raids by Rashtrakutas, loses northern frontiers: </span><span style="color: #333333; font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; line-height: 1.42857; white-space: pre-wrap;">The Pallava empire was now </span><span style="color: #333333; font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; line-height: 1.42857; white-space: pre-wrap;">divided into three parts. One branch, known as the Gangas,* </span><span style="color: #333333; font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; line-height: 1.42857; white-space: pre-wrap;">ruled over the western portion. Another branch, known as </span><span style="color: #333333; font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; line-height: 1.42857; white-space: pre-wrap;">the Ganga Banas, ruled the centre. The kingdom of the main <span style="line-height: 1.42857;">branch of the Pallavas was reduced to the districts on the eastern </span></span><span style="color: #333333; font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; line-height: 1.42857; white-space: pre-wrap;">coast. Upon this disorganised dominion Rashtrakuta king Dhruva fell.</span><span style="background-color: white; font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">)</span></li>
<li><b><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">Nandivarman III</span></b><span style="background-color: white; font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;"> 825–869 CE (829 -defeats Pandya, regains South Pallava; marries princess Sankha the daughter of Amoghavarsha I of Rashtrakutas; 834-840 -annexes and holds on to North Madurai-Vaigai; 865 -loses Kumbakonam battle to Pandya)</span></li>
<li><span style="background-color: white; font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">Nirupatunga. 869-879 CE </span></li>
<li><span style="background-color: white; font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">Verkammavarmban. 877-880 CE</span></li>
<li><span style="background-color: white; font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">Vayiramegavarmban. 880 CE </span></li>
<li><span style="background-color: white; font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">Aparajitavarman ?880–897 CE (885 -defeats Pandya at Thirupurambiyam with the aid of Chola)</span></li>
</ol>
<ul style="background-color: white; border: 0px; color: #252525; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, 'Nimbus Sans L', Arial, 'Liberation Sans', sans-serif, sans-serif-light, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 26px; list-style: none; margin: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; word-wrap: break-word;">
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<span style="font-family: inherit;"><b><u><br /></u></b></span></div>
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Senthilkumarhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/13568132368013187258noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-194677254669823957.post-50921966444125809342013-11-30T09:51:00.000-08:002016-01-29T03:20:50.744-08:00The First Cankam Era -Pandya kings -TAMIL KINGLISTS<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
Ancient copperplates, stone inscriptions, coins and encyclopedias like Abhitha Chinthamani give lists of about,<br />
*223 Cankam (ancient) and Kandikai (medieval) Pandyan kings' names<br />
*7 Pirkaalappandiyar (later Pandyas) kings<br />
*11 Maavali Marutha-Vaanar<br />
<br />
*188 Cankam Chola kings<br />
*26 Medieval and Imperial Chola dynasties --including<br />
-3+ Pugazhina Cholas<br />
-18 Iranhmayil Cholas<br />
-4 Vengi Cholas<br />
-4 Cenkannmar Konerinmay Cholas<br />
*8 Vaanara Chozharaayas<br />
<br />
<h3 style="text-align: left;">
<span style="font-size: large;"><u>First Cankam Era -Pandyan kings:</u></span></h3>
<br />
<br />
<ul style="text-align: left;">
<li><b>Kaai cina vazhuthi</b> 9800 B.C.E. -from THENMARUTHAM</li>
<li>Nedumeen Thizhigan</li>
<li>Vael'meen Kaavan</li>
<li>Koonpandyan</li>
</ul>
<br />
..</div>
Senthilkumarhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/13568132368013187258noreply@blogger.com2tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-194677254669823957.post-45303502153093114032013-11-30T09:49:00.001-08:002015-12-27T20:01:52.998-08:00Third Cankam Era - kings<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
<h2>
</h2>
<h4>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<br />
<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">
<span style="background-color: white; line-height: 19.046875px;"><span style="font-weight: normal;"> </span><b style="text-decoration: underline;">Chola kings of this era:</b></span></span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; line-height: 19.046875px;"><span style="font-weight: normal;">(</span><span style="font-weight: normal;">assimilated; part</span><span style="font-weight: normal;"> from those chronicled in Cankam works and other sources; part legendary from the two north Indian Hindu epics)</span></span></div>
</h4>
<div style="text-align: left;">
</div>
<ol style="text-align: left;">
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">Maarko vael Maandhuvan Aaththikkoe C. 1786 BCE</span></li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;"><b>Musukunthan</b> Thaeroorndha Chola C. 1753 BCE</span><span style="font-family: georgia, 'times new roman', serif;">Peru nakkan Thatrtri Vayapparuchozhan C. 1723 BCE</span></li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">Vaer-kaththan Vendhin-vaanporikko <b>Sooravathumanvaendhi </b>C. 1703 BCE </span><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">(20 yr Pandya war: Punmurugu Pandyan </span><span style="background-color: white; font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">kills Soorattaarakan the king's brother; the Chola king with help from his cousin Mayil-thondaiman </span><span style="background-color: white; font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">the Naga king of Manipallava (Jaffna and Vanni) his son prince Achuva-kandan or Acuvakirivan</span><span style="background-color: white; font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">, añd King Aalimugai the Oliya-Iakkan ruler of South Srilanka revamps and attack Pandyas at Chendurai near Korkai; Sooran Vathumavaeinthi, his brother Aerumungai, and crown-prince Vanankoaman killed in the battle, with the aid of the local chief Vairappaagan)</span></li>
<li></li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">Ambalaththu Irumundruvan C. 1682 BCE</span></li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">Kaari Mondhuvan C. 1640 BCE</span></li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;"><b>Vennakkan Thatrtri</b> Nazhuum-kandhu-puramtharunjozhan C. 1615 BCE</span></li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">Maarko Sunthuvan Aravizhai-kodaichozhan C. 1565 BCE</span></li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">Vaer parunthoan Mundruvan C. 1520 BCE</span></li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;"><b>Udhan kaththan</b> Makkatsaadi-pagukko C. 1455 BCE</span></li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">Kaariko Sunthuvan C. 1440 BCE</span></li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">Vendri Nungunan C. 1396 BCE</span></li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;"><b>Mondhuvan Vendhi</b> Aedharivanko C. 1376 BCE</span></li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;"><b>Kaandhaman</b> Punaliyuduthakko C. 1359 BCE</span></li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;"><b>Mundruvan Vendhi</b> Naagarkonnko C. 1337 BCE</span></li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">Kaandhaman II Thannunju-markeekko C. 1297 BCE</span></li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;"><b>Monjuvan Vendhi</b> Kaaviri-karai-seikkon Kaagandhan C. 1276 BCE</span></li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">Ani-sembiyan C. 1259 BCE</span></li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;"><b>Nungunan Vendhi Arunjunai-kaangon </b>C. 1245 BCE</span></li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">Maarkop perum Cenni Pugaarkaraikko C. 1229 BCE</span></li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;"><b>Monjuvan Nanvendhi Sempon-mezhindrakko </b>C. 1180 BCE</span></li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">Ko-perunar Cenni Maranaattukko C. 1170 BCE</span></li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">Monthuvan Sembiyan Kaayaavaampurandhako C. 1145 BCE</span></li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">Narcenni Eezhtharai-konnko C. 1105 BCE</span></li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">Caenn Sembiyan C. 1095 BCE</span></li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">Nakkar Cenni Kachuvaai-kayankandakko C. 1060 BCE</span></li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">Parum Sembiyan Araivooneenjozhan C.1045 BCE</span></li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">Venjenni Kanthilameekon C. 998 BCE</span></li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">Nilaththuvallanko Musukunthan C. 989 BCE</span></li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">Maarko-perum Sembiyan C. 960 BCE</span></li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;"><b>Seru-thurandha Nedunjenni</b> C.935 BCE</span></li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">Silai-kadindha Thatchembiyan C. 915 BCE</span></li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">Ambalaththu Iruvaer Sembiyan C. 895 BCE</span></li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">Kaariko Cenni Kalitru-alla-maariththiyan C. 865 BCE</span></li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">Venvaer Cenni Eqree-kutritha-kon C. 830 BCE</span></li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">Kaandhaman Vevvatram-kaakkai-chozhan C. 788 BCE</span></li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">Muthu-kaandhalan C. 721 BCE</span></li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">Caetchenni Vilir-amaichozhan C. 698 BCE</span></li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">Vani-nungunan C. 680 BCE</span></li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;"><b>Mudhu-sembiyan Vendhi</b> Oruvendhu-konnkoe C. 640 BCE</span></li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">Peelan Sembiyachozhiyan C. 615 BCE</span></li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">Maeyan Kadungo Pugaarthakkachozhan C. 590 BCE</span></li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;"><b>Uraiyur-thandha Thiththan</b> C. 570 BCE</span></li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;"><b><b>Porvaiko </b>Perunar-killi Vaazhaiththulirchozhan</b> C. 515 BCE</span></li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">Kadu-mundruvan C. 496 BCE</span></li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;"><b>Kopperunchozhan</b> C. 495 BCE</span></li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">Narkilli Mudiththalai C. 480 BCE</span></li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">Thevvanko Chozhan Sayykon C. 465 BCE</span></li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><span style="font-family: georgia, 'times new roman', serif;">Vithindhavendhan </span></li>
<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">Naranjembiyan C. 455 BCE </span><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">(fights Ajatasatru)</span>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;"><b>Nakkampeela Valavan</b> Karuvemchozhan C. 440 BCE</span></li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">Inniyan Thevvan Kadunjenni C. 410 BCE</span></li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">Varcembiyan Vaavoonnchozha / Usinacholan C. 395BCE</span></li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">Nedun-jembiyan Kambotroarman Thiru-nireeiya Chola C. 386 BCE</span></li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;"><b>Nakkan Aranjozhan</b> Vayyathay-uthi Chola C. 345 BCE</span></li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;"><b>Ambalathu Irunko Cenni</b> Veem-siragina Chola C. 330 BCE</span></li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">Perunar-killi Seeru-kadammayl Chola C. 316 BCE</span></li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">Kochaenn Cenni C. 286 BCE</span></li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;"><b>Cerupazhi Erinda Ilanjaetcenni Aandhai-nireeiya Chola </b>C. 275 BCE (275 -defeats Pandya Kochezhiya Navalan; 272 -conquers Paazhi and Konkanam; 269 -thwarts a Mauryan invasion; 237 -invades Anuradhapura and Ruhuna; his generals Sena-Guttika govern the Central and South Srilanka for 23 years)</span></li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">Nedungo Perunkilli C. 211 BCE </span></li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;"><b>Cenni Ellagan</b> Thinnvayaththa Chola C. 205 BCE (sends his younger brother Prince Ellaalan / Ezhaalan /Elara to Srilanka, who overthrows Asela of ?Pandyan-Sinhala lineage and rules the island for 44 years)</span></li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">Perunkilli III Thazhoou-muththee Eerachola C. 165 BCE (loses the battle for Vengi to Kharavela, when his allies Satavahana ?Skandastambi and Athiyamaan withdrew support)</span></li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;"><b>Kopperum-chozhanaagan Ilavaenjenni</b> C. 150 BCE. (<span style="color: blue;">Ptolemy </span>chronicle & map)</span></li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">Perunariudhankilli Mudikko C. 120 BCE</span></li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">Perumpoot-cenni Ponni-punal-kodai Chola C. 100 BCE</span></li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">Ilamperunjenni Vayan-vaendhu-puli-avitha Chola C. 100 BCE</span></li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;"><b>Perunedunkilli Vaendhi</b> Nedunkadatrarai-nilaitha Chola C. 79 BCE</span></li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;"><b>Nedumudi Killi Thonvazhamurai Chola</b> C. 35 BCE</span></li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">Ilavanthigaipalli Thunjiya Maei Nalangilli Caetcenni, C. 20 BCE</span></li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">Aai Vaemnalankilli Mutraa-vizhavina Chola C. 15 BCE</span></li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">Uruvapaqraer Ilanjaetcenni Valiyinir-kuruthi-eenjozhan C. 10 - 16 CE</span></li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">16 CE - 30 CE <i>Kingdom ruled by a series of Uraiyur chieftains</i></span></li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;"><b>Karikala Peruvalaththaan </b>Mullai-pozhinyarkkodai Chola C. 31 CE</span></li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">Vaer-paqradakkai Perunarkilli Eyileriñdha Chola C. 99 CE</span></li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">Kuraapalli Thunjiya Perunthirumavalavan Vaendhin-vinnpori-isatrina Chola C. 99 CE</span></li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">Nalankilli Ara-thunài Chola C. 111 CE (invades Anuradhapura, seige for three years; the central and southern Srilanka left with their prince Gajabahu after the latter pleads to and sought the help of Emperor Cheran Cenguttuvan (Senkuttuvan))</span></li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">Kula mutrtraththu Thunjiya Tholkudi-meenda Naagarmaruga Perunarkillivalavan C. 120 CE</span></li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;"><b><b>Irasasuya Vaetta</b><span style="font-weight: normal;"> </span>Perunarkilli </b>Thalhai-neegina Chola C. 143 CE</span></li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">Vael-kadunkilli C. 192 CE</span></li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;"><b>Kochenkanaan</b> Sivi-kaazhi-nunnun-kalliya Chola C. 220 CE</span></li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">Nalluruththiran Sennarchola C. 245 CE</span></li>
</ol>
<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;"><span style="font-size: small; line-height: 19.046875px;"><br /></span></span>
<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;"><span style="line-height: 35.8059px;">Cirça 76 CE, </span><span style="line-height: 44.1855px;">Chola prince (born to Karikalan and his Naga queen from Manipallava (Jaffna)) </span></span><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; line-height: 35.8059px;">Thondaimaan is made the governor of North Tamilakam including the Chola provinces of Maavilangai (about Kanchi on Palar), Pullinadu (about Pazhakkaanam on Kaariyaaru), Ponthappi nadu (the present Srikalahasthi, about Ponthappi on Ponmugari river), Vengada nadu, and Vengi nadu (about Kanimalai on Krisna river).</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;"><span style="line-height: 35.8059px;"><br /></span></span>
<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;"><span style="line-height: 35.8059px;"><br /></span></span>
<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;"><span style="font-size: small; line-height: 19.046875px;"><b>Pandyan kings of this era:</b></span></span><br />
<div>
<ul style="text-align: left;">
<li><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;"><b>Mudaththirumaar'an</b> 1700 B.C.E.-MATHURAI</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">Thennarkon Ilanambi maar'an 1665 B.C.E.</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;"><i>Varu-keezhai Pandyan</i></span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">Odukk'aduvina Pandyam</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">Oroou-padai Pandyan</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">Naaavala-kudiyina Pandyan</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">Purantharu-sitrai Pandyan</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">Senni-irakkita Pandyan</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">Adi-saer-alhivi Pandyan</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;"><i>Vennkeezh Pandyan</i></span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;"><i>Naavala-verpaattu Pandyan</i></span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;"><b>Munmara-man-ayina Nediyoan </b> </span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">Vadimbalamba nindra Pandyan </span></li>
<li><b><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">Munneer vizhavin Senkezhu Pandyan </span></b></li>
<li><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">...</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">Kappinjinan. </span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">Venthuynan.</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">Sutruynan. </span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">Vippuravaagai. </span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">Aa'narkeezhai Pandyan</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">Thirumaikkanjuga Pandyan </span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">O'verci Pandyan.</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">Perungalanediyoane 510 B.C.E.</span></li>
<li><b><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">Vellinitha Thizhigan</span></b></li>
<li><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;"><b>Poru-nedunkai Ani'avina Pandyan</b></span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">Kudi-cegutha Pandyan</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">Kathir'enibu Pandyan</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">Chezhiyanvazhuthi</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">Agu'kodai Pandyan</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">Vaya'pazhabu Pandyan</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">Senkenilaiyitta Pandyan </span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">Neduvazhuthi</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;"><b>Arivudai Nambi Pandyan</b> 360 B.C.E.</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">Paan'arvazhuthi</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">Nedunjezhiyan</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">Kochchezhiyanaval'an</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">Saatraa'noi'kodunkon</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">Ponnan Peruma Perunjezhiyan</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">Ollaiyur thandha poothappaan'dian 150 B.C.E. ....</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">Nambi Nedunjezhiyan 76 B.C.E.</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">Semmaaran 35 B.C.E.</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;"><b>Nedunjezhiyan , Aryapadaikadantha</b>, 10 B.C.E.</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;"><b>Perumpaeyar Vazhuthi ,Karungai Ol'vaall'</b>, 25 C.E.</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">Nedunjezhiyan , Cithiramadathu thunjiya 85</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">Peruvazhuthi , Velliambalathu thunjiya 110</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">Nanvazhuthi , Koodakarathu thunjiya 118</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">Nanmaar'an , Ilavanthigaipalli thunjiya 121</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;"><b>Nedunjezhiyan ?Sannbaga Pandyan, Thalaiyaalangaanaththu </b><b>cheru vendra Pandyan 125</b></span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">Ukiraperuvazhuthi, Kaanapaereyil erindha 165</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">Peruvazhuthi , Palyaagasalai mudhukudumi 200 C.E. </span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">unknown</span></li>
</ul>
<i><u><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">Prominent Pandyans sung in Cankam literature were:</span></u></i></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<i><span style="background-color: white; font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; line-height: 19.046875px;">Mudathirumaran</span></i></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<i><span style="background-color: white; font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; line-height: 19.046875px;">Koon Pandiyan</span></i><br />
<i><span style="background-color: white; font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; line-height: 19.046875px;">Nedunjezhiyan I (Aariyap Padai Kadantha NedunCheliyan)</span></i><br />
<i><span style="background-color: white; font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; line-height: 19.046875px;">Pudappandiyan</span></i><br />
<i><span style="background-color: white; font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; line-height: 19.046875px;">Mudukudumi Peruvaludhi</span></i><br />
<i><span style="background-color: white; font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; line-height: 19.046875px;">Nedunjezhiyan II</span></i><br />
<i><span style="background-color: white; font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; line-height: 19.046875px;">Nan Maaran</span></i><br />
<i><span style="background-color: white; font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; line-height: 19.046875px;">Nedunjeliyan III (Talaiyaalanganathu Seruvendra Nedunjeliyan)</span></i><br />
<i><span style="background-color: white; font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; line-height: 19.046875px;">Maran Valudi</span></i><br />
<i><span style="background-color: white; font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; line-height: 19.046875px;">Kadalan valuthi</span></i><br />
<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;"><i><span style="background-color: white; line-height: 19.046875px;">Musiri Mutriya Cheliyan</span></i><span style="background-color: white; line-height: 19.046875px;"><i>Kadalul Maintha Ukkirap Peruvaludi</i></span></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; line-height: 19.046875px;"><b><u><br /></u></b></span></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; line-height: 19.046875px;"><b><u><br /></u></b></span></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;"><span style="line-height: 19.046875px;"><b><u>Chera kings:</u></b></span><span style="line-height: 19.046875px;"> </span></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;"><span style="line-height: 19.046875px;">CHERA KINGS FROM NARAVU / VANJI:</span></span></div>
<ul style="text-align: left;">
<li><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;"><b style="color: #333333;">Maavaliceran</b><span style="background-color: white; color: #333333;"> c.1150 B.C.E.-NAR'AVU </span></span></li>
</ul>
<ul style="text-align: left;">
<li><span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">......</span></li>
</ul>
<ul style="text-align: left;">
<li><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;"><b style="color: #333333;">Uthiyan Ceralaadhan</b><span style="background-color: white; color: #333333;"> , Perunjoatrtru c.900 B.C.E. </span></span></li>
</ul>
<ul style="text-align: left;">
<li><span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">...... </span></li>
</ul>
<ul style="text-align: left;">
<li><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;"><b style="color: #333333;">Nedunjeraladan , Imayavaramban</b><span style="background-color: white; color: #333333;"> 680 </span></span></li>
</ul>
<ul style="text-align: left;">
<li><span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">...... </span></li>
</ul>
<ul style="text-align: left;">
<li><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;"><b style="color: #333333;">Ceral Irumborai , Naarmudi</b><span style="background-color: white; color: #333333;"> 300-VANJI(in his later years) </span></span></li>
</ul>
<ul style="text-align: left;">
<li><span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">Vatraa-kala Chera</span></li>
<li><span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">Aenaadhi Chera</span></li>
<li><span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">Munneelamani Chera </span></li>
<li><span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">Elkaannkarai Chera</span></li>
<li><span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">Mandril-maniyitta Chera</span></li>
<li><span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">Uvandha-kizhai Chera</span></li>
<li><span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">Paanarpponvaeii Chera</span></li>
<li><span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">Sindhu-maari Chera</span></li>
<li><span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">Munnaattu-nirai Chera </span></li>
<li><span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">Anthuvanjeral Irumborai 130 </span></li>
</ul>
<ul style="text-align: left;">
<li><span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">Perunjeralirumborai , Ol'vaall' 100 B.C.E. </span></li>
</ul>
<ul style="text-align: left;">
<li><span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">.... </span></li>
</ul>
<ul style="text-align: left;">
<li><span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">Kuttuvankoadhai 45 B.C.E. </span></li>
</ul>
<ul style="text-align: left;">
<li><span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">Kudakko Ilanjeraladan 10 C.E. </span></li>
</ul>
<ul style="text-align: left;">
<li><span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">Perunjeraladan 40 </span></li>
</ul>
<ul style="text-align: left;">
<li><span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">Kudakko Nedunjeraladan 99 </span></li>
</ul>
<ul style="text-align: left;">
<li><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;"><b style="color: #333333;">Cenguttuvan</b><span style="background-color: white; color: #333333;"> , Kadal pir'akkoattiya </span><span style="background-color: white; color: #333333;">vaelkezhu 99 </span></span></li>
</ul>
<ul style="text-align: left;">
<li><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #333333;">Selvakkadungo, P</span><span style="background-color: white; color: #333333;">aalai paadiya </span><span style="background-color: white; color: #333333;">sikkarpalli thunjiya </span><span style="background-color: white; color: #333333;">Vaazhiyaadhaan 120</span></span></li>
</ul>
<ul style="text-align: left;">
<li><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #333333;">Perungadungo, </span><span style="background-color: white; color: #333333;">Thagadoor erindha </span><span style="background-color: white; color: #333333;">marutham paadiya </span><span style="background-color: white; color: #333333;">Vaazhiyaadhaan </span><span style="background-color: white; color: #333333;">137</span></span></li>
</ul>
<ul style="text-align: left;">
<li><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;"><b style="color: #333333;">Maariven'ko</b><span style="background-color: white; color: #333333;"> 165 </span></span></li>
</ul>
<ul style="text-align: left;">
<li><span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">Irumborai , Kanaikkaal 198 </span></li>
</ul>
<span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">CHERA KINGS FROM THON'DI: </span><br />
<ul style="text-align: left;">
<li><span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">Koadhai maarban 120-THON'DI </span></li>
</ul>
<ul style="text-align: left;">
<li><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #333333;">Maaandharanjeral Ir</span><span style="background-color: white; color: #333333;">umborai 124</span></span></li>
</ul>
<ul style="text-align: left;">
<li><span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">Maakkoadhai , Kottambalathu thunjiya 143 C.E. </span></li>
</ul>
<u style="color: #333333;"><i><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">Pathupattu Cankam list:</span></i></u><br />
<div>
<i><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">Uthiyan Cheralathan</span></i></div>
<div>
<ol style="text-align: left;"><span style="background-color: white; font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; line-height: 19.046875px;"><i><span style="line-height: 19.046875px;">
</span>
</i></span></ol>
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; line-height: 19.046875px;"><i>Imayavaramban Nedum Cheralathan </i></span><br />
<ol style="text-align: left;"><span style="background-color: white; font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; line-height: 19.046875px;"><i>
</i></span></ol>
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; line-height: 19.046875px;"><i>Narmudi Cheral </i></span><br />
<ol style="text-align: left;"><span style="background-color: white; font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; line-height: 19.046875px;"><i>
</i></span></ol>
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; line-height: 19.046875px;"><i>Senguttuvan Chera</i></span><br />
<ol style="text-align: left;"><span style="background-color: white; font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; line-height: 19.046875px;"><i>
</i></span></ol>
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; line-height: 19.046875px;"><i>Adu Kottu Pattu Cheralathan</i></span><br />
<ol style="text-align: left;"><span style="background-color: white; font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; line-height: 19.046875px;"><i>
</i></span></ol>
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; line-height: 19.046875px;"><i>Selva Kadumko Vazhiathan </i></span><br />
<ol style="text-align: left;"><span style="background-color: white; font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; line-height: 19.046875px;"><i>
</i></span></ol>
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; line-height: 19.046875px;"><i>Perum Cheral Irumporai </i></span><br />
<ol style="text-align: left;"><span style="background-color: white; font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; line-height: 19.046875px;"><i>
</i></span></ol>
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; line-height: 19.046875px;"><i>Ilam Cheral Irumporai </i></span><br />
<ol style="text-align: left;"><span style="background-color: white; font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; line-height: 19.046875px;"><i>
</i></span></ol>
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; line-height: 19.046875px;"><i>Palyanai Sel Kezhu Kuttuvan</i></span><br />
<ol style="text-align: left;"><span style="background-color: white; font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; line-height: 19.046875px;"><i>
</i></span></ol>
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; line-height: 19.046875px;"><i>Yanaikatcei Mantaran Cheral Irumporai</i></span><br />
<ol style="text-align: left;"></ol>
<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;"><span style="background-color: white; line-height: 19.046875px;"><i>Kanaikkal Irumporai</i></span><span style="background-color: white; line-height: 19.0469px;">
</span>
</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;"><span style="background-color: white; line-height: 19.046875px;"><i><br /></i></span>
</span><br />
<h3 style="text-align: left;">
<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: small;"><span style="line-height: 35.8059px;"><u>Tamil Kadamba</u></span></span></h3>
<h3 style="text-align: left;">
<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: small;"><span style="font-weight: normal; line-height: 35.8059px;">Nannan I</span></span></h3>
<h3 style="text-align: left;">
<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: small;"><span style="font-weight: normal; line-height: 35.8059px;">Vichiko Palkundra Kottan</span></span></h3>
<h3 style="text-align: left;">
<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: small;"><span style="font-weight: normal; line-height: 35.8059px;">Nannan II</span></span></h3>
<h3 style="text-align: left;">
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: small; line-height: 19.046875px;"><span style="background-color: transparent; font-weight: normal; line-height: 35.8059px;">Ilavichikko</span></span></h3>
<h3 style="text-align: left;">
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: small; line-height: 19.046875px;"><b style="line-height: 19.0469px;"><u><br /></u></b></span></h3>
<h3 style="text-align: left;">
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: small; line-height: 19.046875px;"><b style="line-height: 19.0469px;"><u>Cankam Tamil emperors / rulers of Srilanka</u></b></span></h3>
<h3 style="text-align: left;">
<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: small;"><span style="background-color: white; line-height: 19.046875px;"><b><u>(of the whole or most of the island)</u></b></span><b style="line-height: 19.0469px;"><u>:</u></b></span></h3>
<div>
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; line-height: 19.046875px;">Prior to Vijaya 548 BCE, Sri Lanka </span><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;"><span style="line-height: 35.8059px;">(ancient names of Eezhangai, Palaesimundu, </span><span style="line-height: 44.1855px;"> Paathuma-karpam, </span><span style="line-height: 35.8059px;">Kaliy-aenai, Nagadipa, Salice)</span></span><span style="background-color: white; font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; line-height: 19.0469px;"> was ruled by Naga, Vettuva and Iyakkann kingdoms, the first two were Tamil, and the last probably Tamil too. Since Vijaya times Sinhala clan had had frequent marital relationships with Pandya and Naga clans; many a time Tamil Naga and Pandya princes and brother-in-laws and nephews of Sinhala rulers had taken to the throne till the first few centuries of Christian Era, whenever a particular Sinhala dynasty comes to an end, or when an internal unrest arose (</span><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-style: italic; line-height: 19.0469px;">Mahavamsa). </span><br />
<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #252525; line-height: 26.4px;">"Before the landing of Vijaya both Greek and Indian literature of the period made references to the island and considered it as a kind of fairyland, occupied by Yakshas or non human beings. According to a story of the </span><a href="https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jataka_tales" style="background: none rgb(255, 255, 255); border: 0px; color: #5a3696; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, 'Nimbus Sans L', Arial, 'Liberation Sans', sans-serif; font-size: 16px; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 26.4px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;" title="Jataka tales">Jataka</a><span style="background-color: white; color: #252525; line-height: 26.4px;">, which calls the island Tambapanni, and mentions </span><a class="mw-redirect" href="https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nainathivu" style="background: none rgb(255, 255, 255); border: 0px; color: #5a3696; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, 'Nimbus Sans L', Arial, 'Liberation Sans', sans-serif; font-size: 16px; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 26.4px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;" title="Nainathivu">Nagadipa</a><span style="background-color: white; color: #252525; line-height: 26.4px;"> and </span><a class="new" href="https://en.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Kalyani_(island)&action=edit&redlink=1" style="background: none rgb(255, 255, 255); border: 0px; color: #cc0000; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, 'Nimbus Sans L', Arial, 'Liberation Sans', sans-serif; font-size: 16px; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 26.4px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;" title="Kalyani (island) (page does not exist)">Kalyani</a><span style="background-color: white; color: #252525; line-height: 26.4px;">, states the island inhabited by Yakkhinis".</span><span class="mw-cite-backlink" style="background: none rgb(255, 255, 255); border: 0px; color: #252525; font-family: "helvetica neue" , "helvetica" , "nimbus sans l" , "arial" , "liberation sans" , sans-serif; font-size: 16px; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 26.4px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><b style="background: none; border: 0px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><a href="https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kingdom_of_Tambapanni#cite_ref-Mendis_2006_6-0" style="background: none; border: 0px; color: #5a3696; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">^</a></b></span><span style="background-color: white; color: #252525; line-height: 26.4px;"> (</span><span class="reference-text" style="background: none rgb(255, 255, 255); border: 0px; color: #252525; font-family: "helvetica neue" , "helvetica" , "nimbus sans l" , "arial" , "liberation sans" , sans-serif; font-size: 16px; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 26.4px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span class="citation book" style="background: none; border: 0px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; word-wrap: break-word;">Mendis, G.C. (2006). "The ancient period". <a class="external text" href="http://books.google.com.au/books?id=PVrUcdi4ZikC&pg=PA33&lpg=PA33&dq=Tambapanni&source=bl&ots=_G0_lRYCWS&sig=0uBhnlKWj0nJUvD1H6FvjMOMcG8&hl=en&ei=2lu5SpzxA5jW7AP-jqGdAg&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=9#v=onepage&q=Tambapanni&f=false" rel="nofollow" style="background: linear-gradient(transparent, transparent) 100% 50% no-repeat, url(data:image/svg+xml,%3C%3Fxml%20version%3D%221.0%22%20encoding%3D%22UTF-8%22%20standalone%3D%22no%22%3F%3E%3Csvg%20xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F2000%2Fsvg%22%20width%3D%2210%22%20height%3D%2210%22%3E%3Cdefs%3E%3Cmarker%20orient%3D%22auto%22%20overflow%3D%22visible%22%3E%3Cpath%20d%3D%22M-.958-4.259c-1.134%200-2.056.922-2.056%202.056%200%20.394.143.736.336%201.049l-.07.056c-.373-.513-.954-.867-1.636-.867-1.134%200-2.056.922-2.056%202.056s.922%202.056%202.056%202.056c.596%200%201.121-.265%201.496-.671-.075.213-.126.433-.126.671%200%201.134.922%202.056%202.056%202.056s2.056-.922%202.056-2.056c0-.476-.189-.896-.462-1.245.813.158%201.627.477%202.224%201.399-.443-.443-.727-1.248-.727-2.336l-.378-.028.35-.014c0-1.087.27-1.893.713-2.336-.575.889-1.354%201.216-2.14%201.385.243-.337.42-.728.42-1.175%200-1.134-.922-2.056-2.056-2.056z%22%20fill-rule%3D%22evenodd%22%20stroke%3D%22%23000%22%20stroke-width%3D%22NaN%22%2F%3E%3C%2Fmarker%3E%3Cmarker%20orient%3D%22auto%22%20overflow%3D%22visible%22%3E%3Cpath%20d%3D%22M0-2.828l-2.828%202.828%202.828%202.828%202.828-2.828-2.828-2.828z%22%20fill-rule%3D%22evenodd%22%20stroke%3D%22%23000%22%20stroke-width%3D%22NaN%22%2F%3E%3C%2Fmarker%3E%3Cmarker%20orient%3D%22auto%22%20overflow%3D%22visible%22%3E%3Cpath%20d%3D%22M10%200l4-4-14%204%2014%204-4-4z%22%20fill-rule%3D%22evenodd%22%20stroke%3D%22%23000%22%20stroke-width%3D%22NaN%22%2F%3E%3C%2Fmarker%3E%3C%2Fdefs%3E%3Cpath%20fill%3D%22%23fff%22%20stroke%3D%22%2306c%22%20d%3D%22M.5%203.518h5.982v5.982h-5.982z%22%2F%3E%3Cpath%20d%3D%22M4.755-.16h5.234v5.39l-1.571%201.544-1.31-1.31-2.725%202.725-2.688-2.688%202.808-2.808-1.31-1.31z%22%20fill%3D%22%2306f%22%2F%3E%3Cpath%20d%3D%22M8.984.845l.022%204.884-1.817-1.817-2.881%202.881-1.227-1.227%202.881-2.881-1.85-1.851z%22%20fill%3D%22%23fff%22%2F%3E%3C%2Fsvg%3E) 100% 50%; border: 0px; color: #5a3696; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px 13px 0px 0px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><i style="background: none; border: 0px; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Early History of Ceylon</i></a>(Reprint ed.). Asian Educational Services. p. 33. <a href="https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" style="background: none; border: 0px; color: #5a3696; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/81-206-0209-9" style="background: none; border: 0px; color: #5a3696; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;" title="Special:BookSources/81-206-0209-9">81-206-0209-9</a><span class="reference-accessdate" style="background: none; border: 0px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap" style="background: none; border: 0px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: nowrap;">2009-11-06)</span></span></span></span></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;"><span style="line-height: 35.8059px;"><i>Even by the chronicle Mahavamsa it is clear that a Kalinga prince Vijaya driven away from his homeland for his hideous and treacherous acts, seek "asylum" in Sr lanka, was given refuge by the Pandyan governor of the Central Sri Lanka. It seems he was accepted into the royal court of Pandyan Eezham, probably as one of the general in the ranks or at least given charge of few villages; and it is further clear that Vijaya was not succeeded by his sons, rather the kingslist is full of Tamil names -the Pandu's, Sivan's, Muththa's and Naga's, starting from the 5th century BCE. Infact the kings next to Vijaya were Panduvasu (</i></span><i>literally meaning </i><span style="line-height: 44.1855px;"><i>"from the home of the Pandya"</i></span><span style="line-height: 35.8059px;"><i>) and Pandukabhaya (literally meaning "taking refuge with Pandya" or "in the safe-hands of the Pandya), and all the kings of the ancient clans recorded look clearly to have had descended from these two kings, and the neighboring Tamil Naga clans). (For thousands of years, the Sinlala chronicles used to and continue to imbibe and/or Sinhal-ize powerful non-Sinhala rulers of the island, give them Sinhala or Pali royal titles mostly posthumously and claim them to be Sinhalese and Buddhists; but larger traces of evidences uncover the true origin, ethnicity and religious practices of many rulers of ancient Sri Lanka, thanks to the Mahavamsa/Culavamsa</i></span><span style="line-height: 44.1855px;"><i>/Di</i></span><span style="line-height: 35.8059px;"><i>pawamsa/Rajaveliya kings-lists, foreign documents like the chronicle of Zheng He, and Tamil inscriptions spread all over the island from Jaffna to Triconamalee to Galle (vide the Galle trilingual stele**). </i></span></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;"><span style="line-height: 35.8059px;"><i>Even the better known recent history is documented awkwardly frankly propagandize each and every non-European ruler as Buddhist at the least. A cynical portrait for examples of </i></span></span><i style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">such hypocrisy </i><i style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">would be this translated Sinhalese document on the last kings: </i><br />
<br />
<ol style="text-align: left;">
<li><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">" Sri Vikrama Rajasinha (1780 - January 30, 1832, born Kannasamy Nayaka) was the last of four Kings, to rule the last Sinhalese monarchy of the Kingdom of Kandy in Sri Lanka. The Nayak Kings were Telugu Buddhists[1] that spoke Tamil"</span><i style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">; and </i></li>
<li><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">"in freeing the country from the thraldom of Tamils" </span><i style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">[Arnold Wright: "Twentieth century impressions of Ceylon: its history, people, commerce, industries and resources" ]; </i></li>
<li><i style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">^ Francoeur, Noonan, Robert T. Raymond J. Noonan. "The Continuum complete international encyclopedia of sexuality". </i><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">"In Fact, the last Sri Lankan king ruled from highland city of Kandy and was of Tamil descent"</span><i style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">. Google Books. Retrieved January 20, 2012.</i></li>
<li><i style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">^ Wright, Arnold. "Twentieth century impressions of Ceylon: its history, people, commerce, industries and resources". </i><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">"...aimed at the removal of the Tamil king..."</span><i style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">. Google Books. Retrieved 2012-01-20.</i></li>
<li><i style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">^ de Jong, Joop T. V. M. "Trauma, war, and violence: public mental health in socio-cultural context". </i><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">"Later in 1815. British captured the central hill country, which was ruled by the Tamil Nayakar, King Rajasingan"</span><i style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">. Google Books. Retrieved 2012-01-20.</i></li>
<li><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; line-height: 35.8059px;"><i>^ Pilimatalavuva, Ananda. "The Pilimatalavuvas in the last days of the Kandyan kingdom (Sinhalé): </i>"..</span><span style="background: none rgb(255, 255, 255); border: 0px; color: #252525; font-family: "helvetica neue" , "helvetica" , "nimbus sans l" , "arial" , "liberation sans" , sans-serif; font-size: 16px; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 26.4px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">instrumental in raising Prince Kannasamy to the throne under the title of Sri Vickrama Rajasinha"</span><span style="background-color: white; color: #252525; font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; line-height: 26.4px;">. </span></li>
</ol>
<br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; line-height: 19.0469px;"><br /></span>
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; line-height: 19.0469px;">Following were the Tamil rulers of the whole or most of the island:)</span><br />
<ul style="text-align: left;">
<li><span style="background-color: white; font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; line-height: 19.046875px;">Panduvasu 504-474 BCE (most probably Pandyan prince; nephew of issueless Vijaya)</span></li>
<li><span style="background-color: white; font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; line-height: 19.046875px;">?Abhaya 474-454 (son of Panduvasu)</span></li>
<li><span style="background-color: white; font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; line-height: 19.046875px;">?Tissa 454-437 (seco</span><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; line-height: 19.046875px;">nd son of Panduvasu)</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; line-height: 19.046875px;">Pandu-kabhaya 437-367 (grandson of Panduvasu)</span></li>
<li><span style="background-color: white; font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; line-height: 19.046875px;">Kanatissa Muthasivan 367-307 (son of Pandu-kabhayan)</span></li>
<li><span style="background-color: white; font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; line-height: 19.046875px;">?Devanampiya Tissa 307-267 (1st son of Muthasivan)</span></li>
<li><span style="background-color: white; font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; line-height: 19.046875px;">Mahanagan</span></li>
<li><span style="background-color: white; font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; line-height: 19.046875px;">?Ulathiyan 267-257</span></li>
<li><span style="background-color: white; font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; line-height: 19.046875px;">Mahasivan 257-247</span></li>
<li><b style="line-height: 19.0469px;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;"><a href="https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suratissa_of_Anuradhapura" style="background: none rgb(255, 255, 255); border: 0px; color: #5a3696; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, 'Nimbus Sans L', Arial, 'Liberation Sans', sans-serif; font-size: 16px; font-stretch: inherit; font-weight: normal; line-height: 26.4px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: -webkit-center; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;" title="Suratissa of Anuradhapura">Suratissa</a>. <span style="background-color: white; color: #252525; font-weight: normal; line-height: 26.4px; text-align: -webkit-center;">247-237 BC</span></span></b></li>
<li><b style="line-height: 19.0469px;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">Sena & Guttika 237-218 BCE</span></b></li>
<li><span style="background-color: white; font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; line-height: 19.046875px;">?Aselan 237-205 (9th son of Muthasiva)</span></li>
<li><b style="line-height: 19.0469px;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">Ellala / Elara 205-161</span></b></li>
<li><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;"><table class="wikitable" style="background-color: #f9f9f9; border-collapse: collapse; border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); color: black; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22.3999996185303px; margin: 1em 0px; width: 100%px;"><tbody>
<tr><td align="center" style="border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;"><br /></td><td align="center" style="border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;"><table class="wikitable" style="background-color: white; border-collapse: collapse; border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); color: #252525; display: block; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, 'Nimbus Sans L', Arial, 'Liberation Sans', sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 26.4px; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 0px !important; margin-right: 0px !important; margin-top: 1em; overflow-x: auto; overflow-y: hidden; width: 100%px;"><tbody>
<tr><td align="center" style="border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); padding: 0.2em;"><a href="https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saddha_Tissa_of_Anuradhapura" style="background: none; border: 0px; color: #5a3696; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;" title="Saddha Tissa of Anuradhapura">Saddha Tissa</a></td><td align="center" style="border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); padding: 0.2em;">-</td><td align="center" style="border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); padding: 0.2em;">-</td><td align="center" style="border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); padding: 0.2em;">137 BC</td><td align="center" style="border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); padding: 0.2em;">119 BC</td><td align="center" style="border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); padding: 0.2em;">*Brother of Dutugemunu</td></tr>
<tr><td align="center" style="border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); padding: 0.2em;"><a class="image view-border-box" href="https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Flag_of_Dutthagamani.png" style="background: none; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: #5a3696; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><img alt="Flag of Dutthagamani.png" data-file-height="185" data-file-width="361" height="41" src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_Dutthagamani.png/80px-Flag_of_Dutthagamani.png" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_Dutthagamani.png/120px-Flag_of_Dutthagamani.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_Dutthagamani.png/160px-Flag_of_Dutthagamani.png 2x" style="background: none; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; height: auto !important; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; max-width: 100%; padding: 0px; vertical-align: middle;" width="80" /></a></td><td align="center" style="border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); padding: 0.2em;"><a href="https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thulatthana_of_Anuradhapura" style="background: none; border: 0px; color: #5a3696; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;" title="Thulatthana of Anuradhapura">Thulatthana</a><br />
<small style="background: none; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><i style="background: none; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">(Tulna)</i></small></td><td align="center" style="border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); padding: 0.2em;">-</td><td align="center" style="border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); padding: 0.2em;">-</td><td align="center" style="border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); padding: 0.2em;">119 BC</td><td align="center" style="border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); padding: 0.2em;">119 BC</td><td align="center" style="border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); padding: 0.2em;">*Second son of Saddha Tissa</td></tr>
<tr><td align="center" style="border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); padding: 0.2em;"><a class="image view-border-box" href="https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Flag_of_Dutthagamani.png" style="background: none; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: #5a3696; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><img alt="Flag of Dutthagamani.png" data-file-height="185" data-file-width="361" height="41" src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_Dutthagamani.png/80px-Flag_of_Dutthagamani.png" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_Dutthagamani.png/120px-Flag_of_Dutthagamani.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_Dutthagamani.png/160px-Flag_of_Dutthagamani.png 2x" style="background: none; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; height: auto !important; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; max-width: 100%; padding: 0px; vertical-align: middle;" width="80" /></a></td><td align="center" style="border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); padding: 0.2em;"><a href="https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lanja_Tissa_of_Anuradhapura" style="background: none; border: 0px; color: #5a3696; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;" title="Lanja Tissa of Anuradhapura">Lanja Tissa</a></td><td align="center" style="border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); padding: 0.2em;">-</td><td align="center" style="border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); padding: 0.2em;">-</td><td align="center" style="border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); padding: 0.2em;">119 BC</td><td align="center" style="border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); padding: 0.2em;">109 BC</td><td align="center" style="border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); padding: 0.2em;">*Older brother of Thullattana<br />
*Oldest son of Saddha Tissa</td></tr>
<tr><td align="center" style="border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); padding: 0.2em;"><br /></td><td align="center" style="border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); padding: 0.2em;"><br /></td><td align="center" style="border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); padding: 0.2em;"><br /></td><td align="center" style="border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); padding: 0.2em;"><br /></td><td align="center" style="border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); padding: 0.2em;"><br /></td><td align="center" style="border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); padding: 0.2em;"><br /></td><td align="center" style="border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); padding: 0.2em;"><br /></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
Kallaada-naga aka Khallata Naga<br />
<small><i>(Kalunna)</i></small></td><td align="center" style="border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;">-</td><td align="center" style="border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;">-</td><td align="center" style="border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;">109 BC</td><td align="center" style="border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;">104 BC</td><td align="center" style="border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;">*Tamil Naga usurper after the family of Saddha Tissa</td></tr>
<tr><td align="center" style="border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;"><br /></td><td align="center" style="border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;"><span style="line-height: 22.4px;"><span style="line-height: 22.4px; text-align: left;"><b>Vaaguvalaya Pandya</b><i> </i></span></span><br />
<small><i>(aka Sinhalised in Mahavamsa as <i style="line-height: 22.4px;"><i style="line-height: 22.4px; text-align: left;">Valagambahu I /with the title </i></i><i style="line-height: 22.4px; text-align: left;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Valagamba_of_Anuradhapura" style="background: none; color: #0b0080; font-style: normal; line-height: 22.3999996185303px; text-decoration: none;" title="Valagamba of Anuradhapura">Vattagamani Abhaya</a> <i style="line-height: 22.3999996185303px;">)</i></i></i><i>(Walagamba)</i></small></td><td align="center" style="border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;">-</td><td align="center" style="border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;">-</td><td align="center" style="border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;">104 BC</td><td align="center" style="border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;">103 BC</td><td align="center" style="border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;">*Pandyan emperor and son-in-law of Kallaada Naga</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<table class="wikitable" style="background-color: #f9f9f9; border-collapse: collapse; border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); color: black; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22.3999996185303px; margin: 1em 0px; width: 100%px;"><tbody>
<tr><th style="background-color: #f2f2f2; border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); padding: 0.2em 0.4em; text-align: center;" width="9%"><br /></th><th style="background-color: #f2f2f2; border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); padding: 0.2em 0.4em; text-align: center;" width="25%">Governors of Vaaguvalaya Pandya</th><th style="background-color: #f2f2f2; border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); padding: 0.2em 0.4em; text-align: center;" width="9%"><br /></th><th style="background-color: #f2f2f2; border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); padding: 0.2em 0.4em; text-align: center;" width="9%"><br /></th><th style="background-color: #f2f2f2; border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); padding: 0.2em 0.4em; text-align: center;" width="9%"><br /></th><th style="background-color: #f2f2f2; border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); padding: 0.2em 0.4em; text-align: center;" width="9%"><br /></th><th style="background-color: #f2f2f2; border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); padding: 0.2em 0.4em; text-align: center;" width="30%"><br /></th></tr>
<tr bgcolor="#CCCCFF"><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;"></td><td align="center" style="border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;"><a class="mw-redirect" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulahatta" style="background: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Pulahatta">Pulahatta</a></td><td align="center" style="border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;">-</td><td align="center" style="border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;">-</td><td align="center" style="border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;">103 BC</td><td align="center" style="border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;">100 BC</td><td align="center" style="border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;">*Tamil Chief</td></tr>
<tr bgcolor="#CCCCFF"><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;"></td><td align="center" style="border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;"><a class="mw-redirect" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bahiya" style="background: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Bahiya">Bahiya</a></td><td align="center" style="border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;">-</td><td align="center" style="border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;">-</td><td align="center" style="border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;">100 BC</td><td align="center" style="border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;">98 BC</td><td align="center" style="border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;">*Chief Minister of Pulahatha</td></tr>
<tr bgcolor="#CCCCFF"><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;"></td><td align="center" style="border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;"><a class="mw-redirect" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Panya_Mara" style="background: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Panya Mara">Panya Mara</a></td><td align="center" style="border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;">-</td><td align="center" style="border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;">-</td><td align="center" style="border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;">98 BC</td><td align="center" style="border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;">91 BC</td><td align="center" style="border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;">*Prime Minister of Bahiya</td></tr>
<tr bgcolor="#CCCCFF"><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;"></td><td align="center" style="border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;"><a class="mw-redirect" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pilaya_Mara" style="background: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Pilaya Mara">Pilaya Mara</a></td><td align="center" style="border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;">-</td><td align="center" style="border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;">-</td><td align="center" style="border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;">91 BC</td><td align="center" style="border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;">90 BC</td><td align="center" style="border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;">*Chief Minister of Panayamara</td></tr>
<tr bgcolor="#CCCCFF"><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;"></td><td align="center" style="border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;"><a class="mw-redirect" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dathika" style="background: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Dathika">Dathika</a></td><td align="center" style="border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;">-</td><td align="center" style="border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;">-</td><td align="center" style="border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;">90 BC</td><td align="center" style="border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;">88 BC</td><td align="center" style="border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;">*Chief Minister of Pilayamara</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
</span></li>
<li><span style="background-color: white; font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; line-height: 19.046875px;"><table class="wikitable" style="background-color: #f9f9f9; border-collapse: collapse; border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); color: black; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22.3999996185303px; margin: 1em 0px; width: 100%px;"><tbody>
<tr><th style="background-color: #f2f2f2; border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); padding: 0.2em 0.4em; text-align: center;" width="9%"><br /></th><th style="background-color: #f2f2f2; border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); padding: 0.2em 0.4em; text-align: center;" width="25%"><br /></th><th style="background-color: #f2f2f2; border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); padding: 0.2em 0.4em; text-align: center;" width="9%"><br /></th><th style="background-color: #f2f2f2; border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); padding: 0.2em 0.4em; text-align: center;" width="9%"><br /></th><th style="background-color: #f2f2f2; border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); padding: 0.2em 0.4em; text-align: center;" width="9%"><br /></th><th style="background-color: #f2f2f2; border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); padding: 0.2em 0.4em; text-align: center;" width="9%"><br /></th><th style="background-color: #f2f2f2; border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); padding: 0.2em 0.4em; text-align: center;" width="30%"><br /></th></tr>
<tr><td align="center" style="border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;"><br /></td><td align="center" style="border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;"><small><i> Valagambahu I</i><br /><i>(Walagamba)</i></small></td><td align="center" style="border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;">-</td><td align="center" style="border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;">-</td><td align="center" style="border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;">89 BC</td><td align="center" style="border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;">76 BC</td><td align="center" style="border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;"><br /></td></tr>
<tr><td align="center" style="border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;"><br /></td><td align="center" style="border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mahakuli_Mahatissa_of_Anuradhapura" style="background: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Mahakuli Mahatissa of Anuradhapura">Mahakuli Mahatissa</a><br />
<small><i>(Maha Cula Maha Tissa)</i></small></td><td align="center" style="border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;">-</td><td align="center" style="border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;">-</td><td align="center" style="border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;">76 BC</td><td align="center" style="border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;">62 BC</td><td align="center" style="border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;">*Son of Khallatanaga<br />
*Nephew and adopted son of Valagambahu I</td></tr>
<tr><td align="center" style="border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;"><br /></td><td align="center" style="border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chora_Naga_of_Anuradhapura" style="background: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Chora Naga of Anuradhapura">Chora Naga</a><br />
<small><i>(Mahanaga)</i></small></td><td align="center" style="border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;">-</td><td align="center" style="border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;">-</td><td align="center" style="border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;">62 BC</td><td align="center" style="border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;">50 BC</td><td align="center" style="border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;">*Son of Valagambahu I<br />
*Cousin of Mahakuli Mahatissa</td></tr>
<tr><td align="center" style="border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;"><br /></td><td align="center" style="border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kuda_Tissa_of_Anuradhapura" style="background: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Kuda Tissa of Anuradhapura">Kuda Tissa</a></td><td align="center" style="border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;">-</td><td align="center" style="border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;">-</td><td align="center" style="border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;">50 BC</td><td align="center" style="border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;">47 BC</td><td align="center" style="border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;">*Son of Mahakuli Mahatissa</td></tr>
<tr><td align="center" style="border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;"><br /></td><td align="center" style="border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siva_I_of_Anuradhapura" style="background: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Siva I of Anuradhapura">Siva I</a></td><td align="center" style="border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;">-</td><td align="center" style="border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;">-</td><td align="center" style="border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;">47 BC</td><td align="center" style="border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;">47 BC</td><td align="center" style="border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;"></td></tr>
<tr><td align="center" style="border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;"><br /></td><td align="center" style="border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vatuka_of_Anuradhapura" style="background: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Vatuka of Anuradhapura">Vatuka</a></td><td align="center" style="border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;">-</td><td align="center" style="border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;">-</td><td align="center" style="border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;">47 BC</td><td align="center" style="border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;">47 BC</td><td align="center" style="border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;"></td></tr>
<tr><td align="center" style="border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;"><br /></td><td align="center" style="border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Darubhatika_Tissa_of_Anuradhapura" style="background: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Darubhatika Tissa of Anuradhapura">Darubhatika Tissa</a></td><td align="center" style="border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;">-</td><td align="center" style="border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;">-</td><td align="center" style="border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;">47 BC</td><td align="center" style="border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;">47 BC</td><td align="center" style="border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;"></td></tr>
<tr><td align="center" style="border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;"><br /></td><td align="center" style="border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Niliya_of_Anuradhapura" style="background: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Niliya of Anuradhapura">Niliya</a></td><td align="center" style="border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;">-</td><td align="center" style="border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;">-</td><td align="center" style="border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;">47 BC</td><td align="center" style="border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;">47 BC</td><td align="center" style="border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;"></td></tr>
<tr><td align="center" style="border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;"><br /></td><td align="center" style="border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anula_of_Anuradhapura" style="background: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Anula of Anuradhapura">Anula</a></td><td align="center" style="border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;">-</td><td align="center" style="border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;">-</td><td align="center" style="border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;">47 BC</td><td align="center" style="border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;">42 BC</td><td align="center" style="border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;">*Widow of Chora Naga and Kuda Tissa</td></tr>
<tr><td align="center" style="border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;"><br /></td><td align="center" style="border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kutakanna_Tissa_of_Anuradhapura" style="background: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Kutakanna Tissa of Anuradhapura">Kutakanna Tissa</a></td><td align="center" style="border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;">-</td><td align="center" style="border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;">-</td><td align="center" style="border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;">42 BC</td><td align="center" style="border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;">20 BC</td><td align="center" style="border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;">*Brother of Kuda Tissa<br />
*Second son of Mahakuli Mahatissa</td></tr>
<tr><td align="center" style="border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;"><br /></td><td align="center" style="border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bhatikabhaya_Abhaya_of_Anuradhapura" style="background: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Bhatikabhaya Abhaya of Anuradhapura">Bhatikabhaya Abhaya</a></td><td align="center" style="border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;">-</td><td align="center" style="border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;">-</td><td align="center" style="border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;">20 BC</td><td align="center" style="border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;">9 AD</td><td align="center" style="border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;">*Son of Kuttakanna Tissa</td></tr>
<tr><td align="center" style="border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;"><br /></td><td align="center" style="border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mahadathika_Mahanaga_of_Anuradhapura" style="background: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Mahadathika Mahanaga of Anuradhapura">Mahadathika Mahanaga</a></td><td align="center" style="border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;">-</td><td align="center" style="border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;">-</td><td align="center" style="border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;">9</td><td align="center" style="border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;">21</td><td align="center" style="border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;">*Brother of Bhatika Abhaya</td></tr>
<tr><td align="center" style="border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;"><br /></td><td align="center" style="border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amandagamani_Abhaya_of_Anuradhapura" style="background: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Amandagamani Abhaya of Anuradhapura">Amandagamani Abhaya</a></td><td align="center" style="border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;">-</td><td align="center" style="border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;">-</td><td align="center" style="border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;">21</td><td align="center" style="border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;">30</td><td align="center" style="border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;">*Son of Mahadathika Mahanaga</td></tr>
<tr><td align="center" style="border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;"><br /></td><td align="center" style="border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kanirajanu_Tissa_of_Anuradhapura" style="background: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Kanirajanu Tissa of Anuradhapura">Kanirajanu Tissa</a></td><td align="center" style="border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;">-</td><td align="center" style="border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;">-</td><td align="center" style="border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;">30</td><td align="center" style="border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;">33</td><td align="center" style="border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;">*Brother of Amandagamani Abhaya</td></tr>
<tr><td align="center" style="border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;"><br /></td><td align="center" style="border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chulabhaya_of_Anuradhapura" style="background: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Chulabhaya of Anuradhapura">Chulabhaya</a></td><td align="center" style="border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;">-</td><td align="center" style="border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;">-</td><td align="center" style="border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;">33</td><td align="center" style="border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;">35</td><td align="center" style="border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;">*Son of Amandagamani Abhaya</td></tr>
<tr><td align="center" style="border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;"><br /></td><td align="center" style="border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sivali_of_Anuradhapura" style="background: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Sivali of Anuradhapura">Sivali</a></td><td align="center" style="border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;">-</td><td align="center" style="border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;">-</td><td align="center" style="border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;">35</td><td align="center" style="border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;">35</td><td align="center" style="border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;">*Sister of Chulabhaya</td></tr>
<tr><td align="center" style="border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;"><br /></td><td align="center" style="border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Interregnum" style="background: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Interregnum">Interregnum</a></td><td align="center" style="border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;">-</td><td align="center" style="border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;">-</td><td align="center" style="border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;">35</td><td align="center" style="border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;">38</td><td align="center" style="border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;"></td></tr>
<tr><td align="center" style="border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;"><br /></td><td align="center" style="border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ilanaga_of_Anuradhapura" style="background: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Ilanaga of Anuradhapura">Ilanaga</a><br />
<small><i>(Eezha-naaga)</i></small></td><td align="center" style="border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;">-</td><td align="center" style="border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;">-</td><td align="center" style="border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;">38</td><td align="center" style="border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;">44</td><td align="center" style="border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;">*Nephew of Queen Sivali</td></tr>
<tr><td align="center" style="border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;"><br /></td><td align="center" style="border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chandamukha_of_Anuradhapura" style="background: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Chandamukha of Anuradhapura">Candamukha</a>i</td><td align="center" style="border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;">-</td><td align="center" style="border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;">-</td><td align="center" style="border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;">44</td><td align="center" style="border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;">52</td><td align="center" style="border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;">*Son of Ilanaga</td></tr>
<tr><td align="center" style="border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;"><br /></td><td align="center" style="border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;">Ersaazhagan aka <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yassalalaka_Tissa_of_Anuradhapura" style="background: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Yassalalaka Tissa of Anuradhapura">Yassalalaka</a></td><td align="center" style="border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;">-</td><td align="center" style="border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;">-</td><td align="center" style="border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;">52</td><td align="center" style="border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;">60</td><td align="center" style="border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;">*Younger brother of Candhamuka Siva</td></tr>
<tr><td align="center" style="border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;"><br /></td><td align="center" style="border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Subharaja_of_Anuradhapura" style="background: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Subharaja of Anuradhapura">Subharaja</a></td><td align="center" style="border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;">-</td><td align="center" style="border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;">-</td><td align="center" style="border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;">60</td><td align="center" style="border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;">66</td><td align="center" style="border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;">*The hall porter of King Yarsalaka Tissa</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;"><br /></span></li>
<li><span style="background-color: white; font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;"><table class="wikitable" style="background-color: #f9f9f9; border-collapse: collapse; border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); color: black; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22.3999996185303px; margin: 1em 0px; width: 100%px;"><tbody>
<tr><th style="background-color: #f2f2f2; border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); padding: 0.2em 0.4em; text-align: center;" width="9%"><br /></th><th style="background-color: #f2f2f2; border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); padding: 0.2em 0.4em; text-align: center;" width="25%"><b style="line-height: 19.0469px; text-align: left;">Nalankilli Chola</b></th><th style="background-color: #f2f2f2; border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); padding: 0.2em 0.4em; text-align: center;" width="9%"><br /></th><th style="background-color: #f2f2f2; border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); padding: 0.2em 0.4em; text-align: center;" width="9%"><br /></th><th style="background-color: #f2f2f2; border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); padding: 0.2em 0.4em; text-align: center;" width="9%"><b style="line-height: 19.0469px; text-align: left;">111</b></th><th style="background-color: #f2f2f2; border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); padding: 0.2em 0.4em; text-align: center;" width="9%"><b style="line-height: 19.0469px; text-align: left;">114</b></th><th style="background-color: #f2f2f2; border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); padding: 0.2em 0.4em; text-align: center;" width="30%">Chola-Pandya conflict renewed over a trivial issue; as a peripheral fallout the Chola king sends out a small army that was sufficient enough to lay siege, conquer Anuradhapura, and hold it for the next three years, driving away its ruler to the southern forests. Huge quantities of precious stones and realms of gold were sent to Pugar, along with 12000 Sinhala warriors as slaves.</th></tr>
<tr><td align="center" style="border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;"><br /></td><td align="center" style="border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;"><br /></td><td align="center" style="border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;"><br /></td><td align="center" style="border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;"><br /></td><td align="center" style="border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;"><br /></td><td align="center" style="border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;"><br /></td><td align="center" style="border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;"><br /></td></tr>
<tr><td align="center" style="border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;"><br /></td><td align="center" style="border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;"><br /></td><td align="center" style="border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;"><br /></td><td align="center" style="border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;"><br /></td><td align="center" style="border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;"><br /></td><td align="center" style="border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;"><br /></td><td align="center" style="border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;"><br /></td></tr>
<tr><td align="center" style="border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;"><br /></td><td align="center" style="border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mahallaka_Naga_of_Anuradhapura" style="background: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Mahallaka Naga of Anuradhapura">Mahallaka Naga</a></td><td align="center" style="border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;">-</td><td align="center" style="border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;">-</td><td align="center" style="border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;">135</td><td align="center" style="border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;">141</td><td align="center" style="border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;">*Father-in-Law of Gajabahu I</td></tr>
<tr><td align="center" style="border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;"><br /></td><td align="center" style="border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bhatika_Tissa_of_Anuradhapura" style="background: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Bhatika Tissa of Anuradhapura">Bhatika Tissa</a></td><td align="center" style="border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;">-</td><td align="center" style="border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;">-</td><td align="center" style="border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;">141</td><td align="center" style="border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;">165</td><td align="center" style="border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;">*Son of Mahallaka Naga</td></tr>
<tr><td align="center" style="border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;"><br /></td><td align="center" style="border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kanittha_Tissa_of_Anuradhapura" style="background: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Kanittha Tissa of Anuradhapura">Kanittha Tissa</a></td><td align="center" style="border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;">-</td><td align="center" style="border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;">-</td><td align="center" style="border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;">165</td><td align="center" style="border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;">193</td><td align="center" style="border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;">*Younger brother of Bhatika Tissa</td></tr>
<tr><td align="center" style="border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;"><br /></td><td align="center" style="border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cula_Naga_of_Anuradhapura" style="background: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Cula Naga of Anuradhapura">Cula Naga</a><br />
<small><i><span style="font-size: small;">(aka Khujjanaga)</span></i></small></td><td align="center" style="border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;">-</td><td align="center" style="border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;">-</td><td align="center" style="border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;">193</td><td align="center" style="border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;">195</td><td align="center" style="border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;">*Son of Kanitta Tissa</td></tr>
<tr><td align="center" style="border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;"><br /></td><td align="center" style="border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kuda_Naga_of_Anuradhapura" style="background: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Kuda Naga of Anuradhapura">Kuda Naga</a><br />
<small><i><span style="font-size: small;">(aka Kunchanaga)</span></i></small></td><td align="center" style="border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;">-</td><td align="center" style="border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;">-</td><td align="center" style="border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;">195</td><td align="center" style="border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;">196</td><td align="center" style="border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;">*Brother of Cula Naga</td></tr>
<tr><td align="center" style="border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;"><br /></td><td align="center" style="border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siri_Naga_I_of_Anuradhapura" style="background: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Siri Naga I of Anuradhapura">Siri Naga I</a></td><td align="center" style="border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;">-</td><td align="center" style="border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;">-</td><td align="center" style="border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;">196</td><td align="center" style="border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;">215</td><td align="center" style="border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;">*Brother-in-Law of Kuda Naga</td></tr>
<tr><td align="center" style="border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;"><br /></td><td align="center" style="border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voharika_Tissa_of_Anuradhapura" style="background: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Voharika Tissa of Anuradhapura">Voharika Tissa</a><br />
<small><i><span style="font-size: small;">(aka Vira Tissa & Voharikathissa)</span></i></small></td><td align="center" style="border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;">-</td><td align="center" style="border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;">-</td><td align="center" style="border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;">215</td><td align="center" style="border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;">237</td><td align="center" style="border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;">*Son of Siri Naga I</td></tr>
<tr><td align="center" style="border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;"><br /></td><td align="center" style="border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abhaya_Naga_of_Anuradhapura" style="background: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Abhaya Naga of Anuradhapura">Abhaya Naga</a></td><td align="center" style="border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;">-</td><td align="center" style="border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;">-</td><td align="center" style="border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;">237</td><td align="center" style="border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;">245</td><td align="center" style="border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;">*Brother of Voharaka Tissa</td></tr>
<tr><td align="center" style="border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;"><br /></td><td align="center" style="border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siri_Naga_II_of_Anuradhapura" style="background: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Siri Naga II of Anuradhapura">Siri Naga II</a></td><td align="center" style="border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;">-</td><td align="center" style="border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;">-</td><td align="center" style="border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;">245</td><td align="center" style="border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;">247</td><td align="center" style="border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;">*Son of Voharaka Tissa</td></tr>
<tr><td align="center" style="border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;"><br /></td><td align="center" style="border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vijaya_Kumara_of_Anuradhapura" style="background: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Vijaya Kumara of Anuradhapura">Vijaya Kumara</a></td><td align="center" style="border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;">-</td><td align="center" style="border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;">-</td><td align="center" style="border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;">247</td><td align="center" style="border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;">248</td><td align="center" style="border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;">*Son of Siri Naga II</td></tr>
<tr></tr>
</tbody></table>
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<li><span style="background-color: white; font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;"><div style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-weight: bold;">
<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-weight: normal;">[<i>S</i></span><i style="color: #333333; font-weight: normal;">ources</i><span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-weight: normal;">: </span></span></div>
<div style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-weight: bold;">
<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-weight: normal;">Delineated timeline of ancient civilizations, </span></span></div>
<div style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-weight: bold;">
<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-weight: normal;">Mahavamsa, </span></span></div>
<div style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-weight: bold;">
<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-weight: normal;">Purananooru, Pathupattu and other Cankam literature, </span></span></div>
<div style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-weight: bold;">
<span style="background-color: #fff9ee; color: #222222; font-weight: normal; line-height: 19.6000003814697px; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">copperplates from: 2 in Sinnamanur and one from Velvikudi and another from Anaimalai</span></span></div>
<div style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-weight: bold;">
<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-weight: normal;">Copperplates Thiruthani Saasanas, </span></span></div>
<div style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-weight: bold;">
<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-weight: normal;">Brihadeeswara Mahatmiya vamsavali, </span></span></div>
<div style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-weight: bold;">
<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-weight: normal;">Shasanas of Kanchi, Thillai, Tricy and Karur, </span></span></div>
<div style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-weight: bold;">
<span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-weight: normal;">AES' Abhithaana Chinthamani, </span></div>
<div style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-weight: bold;">
<span style="background-color: #fff9ee; color: #222222; font-weight: normal; line-height: 19.6000003814697px; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">KANilakantasastri's hist of s.ind</span></span></div>
<div style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-weight: bold;">
<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;"><span style="background-color: #fff9ee; color: #222222; font-weight: normal; line-height: 19.6000003814697px; text-align: justify;">Appaturai.K.'s tennindiya varalaru-porkalankal.</span><br style="background-color: #fff9ee; color: #222222; font-weight: normal; line-height: 19.6000003814697px; text-align: justify;" /><span style="background-color: #fff9ee; color: #222222; font-weight: normal; line-height: 19.6000003814697px; text-align: justify;">Rasu.Pounturai's Tamilaka kalvetukalum-kurieedukalum</span><br style="background-color: #fff9ee; color: #222222; font-weight: normal; line-height: 19.6000003814697px; text-align: justify;" /><span style="background-color: #fff9ee; color: #222222; font-weight: normal; line-height: 19.6000003814697px; text-align: justify;">Iyengar, P. T. Srinivasa. History of the Indian people. </span><br style="background-color: #fff9ee; color: #222222; font-weight: normal; line-height: 19.6000003814697px; text-align: justify;" /><span style="background-color: #fff9ee; color: #222222; font-weight: normal; line-height: 19.6000003814697px; text-align: justify;">Iyengar, P. T. Srinivasa. Pre-Aryan Tamil Culture, </span></span><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;"><span style="background-color: #fff9ee; color: #222222; font-weight: normal; line-height: 19.6000003814697px; text-align: justify;">Iyengar, P. T. Srinivasa History of the Tamils from the Earliest Times to the Present Day.</span><span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-weight: normal;"> </span></span></div>
<div style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-weight: bold;">
<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-weight: normal;">Citations in Ramayana and Mahabharata, </span></span></div>
<div style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-weight: bold;">
<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-weight: normal;">Gerald Hugo & Lesley Wells,1974 with incomplete Pandyan line and Cera kinglines, </span></span></div>
<div style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-weight: bold;">
<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-weight: normal;">Nakkeerar work's Uraiyasiriar Timeline of Tamizh Koodal Academies, </span></span></div>
<div style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-weight: bold;">
<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-weight: normal;">Regional l</span></span><span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-weight: normal;">egends of war-heroes, and </span><span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-weight: normal;">Hindu MahaPuranas</span><span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-weight: normal;">] </span></div>
</span></li>
</ul>
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Senthilkumarhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/13568132368013187258noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-194677254669823957.post-43896722055524608562013-11-30T09:47:00.004-08:002016-01-29T03:23:19.451-08:00Second Cankam Era <div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;"><b><span style="line-height: 19.046875px;"><u>Chola kings of this era</u>:</span></b></span></li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;"><b><span style="line-height: 19.046875px;"><br /></span></b></span></li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;"><b><span style="line-height: 19.046875px;">Eri Oliyan Vaendhi</span></b><span style="line-height: 19.046875px;"> Pokka-poo Chola C. 3020 BCE</span></span></li>
</ul>
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<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;"><b>Maandhuvaazhi</b> Sozhamaan Chola C. 2980 BCE</span></li>
</ul>
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<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">El Mei Nannan C. 2945 BCE</span></li>
</ul>
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<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">Keezhai Kinjuvan C. 2995 BCE</span></li>
</ul>
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<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;"><b>Vazhisai Nannan</b> Sangnyai-nuzhaindhaan Chola C. 2865 BCE</span></li>
</ul>
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<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">Mei Kiyagusi Aerru Poothangattu Chola C. 2820 BCE</span></li>
</ul>
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<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;"><b>Aai Kuzhi Agusi Aerru</b> C. 2810 BCE</span></li>
</ul>
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<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">Thizhagan Maandhi C. 2800 BCE</span></li>
</ul>
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<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">Maandhi Vaelan Paagu-unn-tharee-iya Chola C. 2770 BCE</span></li>
</ul>
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<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">Aai Adumban Nisu-mukil-kari-nizhai Chola C. 2725 BCE</span></li>
</ul>
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<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">Aai Nedun jaet Chozha thagaiyan C. 2710 BCE</span></li>
</ul>
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<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;"><b>El Mei Agguvankeezh nedu mannan</b> C. 2680 BCE</span></li>
</ul>
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<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;"><b>Mudiko-mei Kaalaiyan-thagaiyan Thaan-varee-iya Chola</b> C. 2650 BCE</span></li>
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<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">Ilangok keezh Kaalaiyan-thagaiyan <i>/</i> Ilangeezh nannan C. 2645 BCE -start of Kadamba lineage by his brother Aai Keezh Nannan</span></li>
</ul>
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<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">Kaalaiyan Kudingyan Pu-paar-theertha Pugaarchozhan C. 2630 BCE</span></li>
</ul>
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<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">Nedungaalaiiyan-thagayan Naavalamvalam Chola C. 2615 BCE</span></li>
</ul>
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<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">Vaengai Nedu-vael-varai Patraasa-payakka Chola C.2614 BCE</span></li>
</ul>
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<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">Vaetkaal Kudingyan C. 2600 BCE</span></li>
</ul>
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<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">Maei-ila-vael-varai Man-nilai-yitta Chola C. 2590 BCE</span></li>
</ul>
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<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">Simbi Vendhi Nilavatthinar-oangu Chola C. 2580 BCE</span></li>
</ul>
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<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">Parunonji Chaamazhingyan Seru-soodu-manniya Chola C. 2535 BCE</span></li>
</ul>
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<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">Vaeqratrtri Chembiya Naagarnilan-samaitha Chola C. 2525 BCE</span></li>
</ul>
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<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">Saamazhi Chozhiya Vaerpagalan C. 2515 BCE</span></li>
</ul>
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<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">Uthi ven gaalai thagan C. 2495 BCE</span></li>
</ul>
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<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;"><b>Nannan Thatkaalaiththagan</b> C. 2475 BCE</span></li>
</ul>
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<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">Velvaen Mindi Aadukazhalura Chola C. 2445 BCE</span></li>
</ul>
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<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">Nedun jembiyan Ponnaarmei Chola C. 2415 BCE</span></li>
</ul>
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<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;"><b>Nedu Nonji Vendhi Ponnani Chola C</b>. 2375 BCE</span></li>
</ul>
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<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">Maei Vael paqratrtri Vaadai-kaanam-konn Chola C. 2330 BCE</span></li>
</ul>
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<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">Aai Perunthoan Nonji C. 2315 BCE</span></li>
</ul>
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<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;"><b>Kudikkoappungi Vayan-kaa-ko Chola </b> C. 2275 BCE</span></li>
</ul>
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<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;"><b>Perungoe Poguvan Thiruneetru Chola </b>C. 2250 BCE</span></li>
</ul>
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<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">Koeth thatrtri kaappee-iriya Chola C. 2195 BCE</span></li>
</ul>
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<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">Vadi sembiyan C. 2160 BCE</span></li>
</ul>
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<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">Aalam poguvan C. 2110 BCE</span></li>
</ul>
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<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">Nedun jembiyan C. 2085 BCE</span></li>
</ul>
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<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;"><b>Perum-paeyar Poguvan</b> "Mannalantha Chola" C. 2056 BCE</span></li>
</ul>
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<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">Kadun jembiyan C. 2033 BCE</span></li>
</ul>
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<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">Nedunkaththan C. 2015 BCE</span></li>
</ul>
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<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">Paru nakkan C. 1960 BCE</span></li>
</ul>
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<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">Vani sembiyan C. 1927 BCE</span></li>
</ul>
<ul style="background-color: white; line-height: 19.046875px;">
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;"><b>Oondha-cira-mondhuvan</b> C. 1902 BCE</span></li>
</ul>
<ul style="background-color: white; line-height: 19.046875px;">
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;"><b>Aalavanthigiri-kathir Chola</b> C. 1875 BCE</span></li>
</ul>
<ul style="background-color: white; line-height: 19.046875px;">
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;"><b>Aarin-oarkadamai Kaduullankaandhalan </b>C. 1860 BCE</span></li>
</ul>
<ul style="background-color: white; line-height: 19.046875px;">
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">Nakka monjuvan C. 1799 BCE</span></li>
</ul>
<ul style="background-color: white; line-height: 19.046875px;">
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;"><b>Maarko vael Maandhuvan Aaththikko</b> C. 1786 BCE</span></li>
</ul>
<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: small; line-height: 19.046875px;"><b><i><u><br /></u></i></b></span><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: small; line-height: 19.046875px;"><b><u>Pandyan kings of this era:</u></b></span><br />
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<br />
<ul style="text-align: left;">
<li><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;"><b>Kadungon I</b> 5400 B.C.E.-KU'ADAM / KAPAADAPURAM / KADAMPAADAVI (ALAIVAAI)</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">Ilanthirai Vazhuthi 5370 B.C.E.</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">...........</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;"><b>Vaandroarchezhiyan</b> 3100 B.C.E.-KOR'KAI</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">Mukkaavan vazhuthi 3020 B.C.E.</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">...........</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;"><b>Alaivaai Agazhchezhiyan</b> 2845 B.C.E. -old remaining land of the partially submerged city of KU'ADAM,then an island</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;"><b>Thamizhi Thizhigan</b> 2800 B.C.E.</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;"><b>Nar'seyan Vazhuthi</b> 2750 B.C.E. -KOR'KAI because the remaining KU'ADAM too submerges,</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">Porkaippandyan 2400 B.C.E.</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">Ol'vaenmaruthan Viyazhampazhi-theer Kuzha-saei-aravoan 2350 B.C.E. -MAN'AVOOR</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">...........</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;"><b>Malaiya-vaayiloan Yaazhthi kaavan</b> 2325 B.C.E. -THIRUCHCHEERALAIVAAI</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">Kayarkanninal 2298 B.C.E.</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">Kaavan Thizhigan 2275 B.C.E.</span></li>
<li><span style="background-color: white; font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; line-height: 19.046875px;">Vendercceliyan </span></li>
<li><span style="background-color: white; font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; line-height: 19.046875px;">...</span></li>
<li><span style="background-color: white; font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; line-height: 19.046875px;">Punmuruguppaandiyan 1745 BCE</span></li>
</ul>
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<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; line-height: 19.046875px;"><b><u>Meluhha kingdom </u>of INDUS VALLEY CIVILIZATION: 3500-1700 BCE</b></span><br />
<ul>
<li><i><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">...</span></i></li>
<li><b><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">Aai Aattukkoattu Puliyan</span></b></li>
<li><b><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">Aai Thaelaradukaali Puliyan</span></b></li>
<li><i><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">...</span></i></li>
</ul>
</div>
</div>
</div>
Senthilkumarhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/13568132368013187258noreply@blogger.com6